The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 edition
IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (Revision of IEEE Std 1003.1-2008)
Copyright © 2001-2018 IEEE and The Open Group
A newer edition of this document exists here

#### NAME

> sysconf - get configurable system variables

#### SYNOPSIS

> ``#include <unistd.h>
> long sysconf(int` name`);
> ``

#### DESCRIPTION

> The sysconf() function provides a method for the application to determine the current value of a configurable system limit or option (variable). The implementation shall support all of the variables listed in the following table and may support others.

> The name argument represents the system variable to be queried. The following table lists the minimal set of system variables from <limits.h> or <unistd.h> that can be returned by sysconf(), and the symbolic constants defined in <unistd.h> that are the corresponding values used for name.

> Variable | Value of Name
> --- | ---
> {AIO_LISTIO_MAX} | _SC_AIO_LISTIO_MAX
> {AIO_MAX} | _SC_AIO_MAX
> {AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX} | _SC_AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX
> {ARG_MAX} | _SC_ARG_MAX
> {ATEXIT_MAX} | _SC_ATEXIT_MAX
> {BC_BASE_MAX} | _SC_BC_BASE_MAX
> {BC_DIM_MAX} | _SC_BC_DIM_MAX
> {BC_SCALE_MAX} | _SC_BC_SCALE_MAX
> {BC_STRING_MAX} | _SC_BC_STRING_MAX
> {CHILD_MAX} | _SC_CHILD_MAX
> Clock ticks/second | _SC_CLK_TCK
> {COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX} | _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
> {DELAYTIMER_MAX} | _SC_DELAYTIMER_MAX
> {EXPR_NEST_MAX} | _SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX
> {HOST_NAME_MAX} | _SC_HOST_NAME_MAX
> {IOV_MAX} | _SC_IOV_MAX
> {LINE_MAX} | _SC_LINE_MAX
> {LOGIN_NAME_MAX} | _SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX
> {NGROUPS_MAX} | _SC_NGROUPS_MAX
> Initial size of getgrgid_r() and | _SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX
> getgrnam_r() data buffers |
> Initial size of getpwuid_r() and | _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX
> getpwnam_r() data buffers |
> {MQ_OPEN_MAX} | _SC_MQ_OPEN_MAX
> {MQ_PRIO_MAX} | _SC_MQ_PRIO_MAX
> {OPEN_MAX} | _SC_OPEN_MAX
> {PAGE_SIZE} | _SC_PAGE_SIZE
> {PAGESIZE} | _SC_PAGESIZE
> {PTHREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS} | _SC_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS
> {PTHREAD_KEYS_MAX} | _SC_THREAD_KEYS_MAX
> {PTHREAD_STACK_MIN} | _SC_THREAD_STACK_MIN
> {PTHREAD_THREADS_MAX} | _SC_THREAD_THREADS_MAX
> {RE_DUP_MAX} | _SC_RE_DUP_MAX
> {RTSIG_MAX} | _SC_RTSIG_MAX
> {SEM_NSEMS_MAX} | _SC_SEM_NSEMS_MAX
> {SEM_VALUE_MAX} | _SC_SEM_VALUE_MAX
> {SIGQUEUE_MAX} | _SC_SIGQUEUE_MAX
> {STREAM_MAX} | _SC_STREAM_MAX
> {SYMLOOP_MAX} | _SC_SYMLOOP_MAX
> {TIMER_MAX} | _SC_TIMER_MAX
> {TTY_NAME_MAX} | _SC_TTY_NAME_MAX
> {TZNAME_MAX} | _SC_TZNAME_MAX
> _POSIX_ADVISORY_INFO | _SC_ADVISORY_INFO
> _POSIX_BARRIERS | _SC_BARRIERS
> _POSIX_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO | _SC_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO
> _POSIX_CLOCK_SELECTION | _SC_CLOCK_SELECTION
> _POSIX_CPUTIME | _SC_CPUTIME
> _POSIX_FSYNC | _SC_FSYNC
> _POSIX_IPV6 | _SC_IPV6
> _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL | _SC_JOB_CONTROL
> _POSIX_MAPPED_FILES | _SC_MAPPED_FILES
> _POSIX_MEMLOCK | _SC_MEMLOCK
> _POSIX_MEMLOCK_RANGE | _SC_MEMLOCK_RANGE
> _POSIX_MEMORY_PROTECTION | _SC_MEMORY_PROTECTION
> _POSIX_MESSAGE_PASSING | _SC_MESSAGE_PASSING
> _POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK | _SC_MONOTONIC_CLOCK
> _POSIX_PRIORITIZED_IO | _SC_PRIORITIZED_IO
> _POSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING | _SC_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
> _POSIX_RAW_SOCKETS | _SC_RAW_SOCKETS
> _POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS | _SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS
> _POSIX_REALTIME_SIGNALS | _SC_REALTIME_SIGNALS
> _POSIX_REGEXP | _SC_REGEXP
> _POSIX_SAVED_IDS | _SC_SAVED_IDS
> _POSIX_SEMAPHORES | _SC_SEMAPHORES
> _POSIX_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS | _SC_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS
> _POSIX_SHELL | _SC_SHELL
> _POSIX_SPAWN | _SC_SPAWN
> _POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS | _SC_SPIN_LOCKS
> _POSIX_SPORADIC_SERVER | _SC_SPORADIC_SERVER
> _POSIX_SS_REPL_MAX | _SC_SS_REPL_MAX
> _POSIX_SYNCHRONIZED_IO | _SC_SYNCHRONIZED_IO
> _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR | _SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR
> _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE | _SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE
> _POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME | _SC_THREAD_CPUTIME
> _POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT | _SC_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT
> _POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT | _SC_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT
> _POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING | _SC_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
> _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED | _SC_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED
> _POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_INHERIT | _SC_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_INHERIT
> _POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_PROTECT | _SC_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_PROTECT
> _POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS | _SC_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS
> _POSIX_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER | _SC_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER
> _POSIX_THREADS | _SC_THREADS
> _POSIX_TIMEOUTS | _SC_TIMEOUTS
> _POSIX_TIMERS | _SC_TIMERS
> _POSIX_TRACE | _SC_TRACE
> _POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER | _SC_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER
> _POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX | _SC_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX
> _POSIX_TRACE_INHERIT | _SC_TRACE_INHERIT
> _POSIX_TRACE_LOG | _SC_TRACE_LOG
> _POSIX_TRACE_NAME_MAX | _SC_TRACE_NAME_MAX
> _POSIX_TRACE_SYS_MAX | _SC_TRACE_SYS_MAX
> _POSIX_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX | _SC_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX
> _POSIX_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS | _SC_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS
> _POSIX_VERSION | _SC_VERSION
> _POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFF32 | _SC_V7_ILP32_OFF32
> _POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG | _SC_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG
> _POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64 | _SC_V7_LP64_OFF64
> _POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG | _SC_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG
> [OB] _POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32 | _SC_V6_ILP32_OFF32
> _POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG | _SC_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG
> _POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64 | _SC_V6_LP64_OFF64
> _POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG | _SC_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG
> _POSIX2_C_BIND | _SC_2_C_BIND
> _POSIX2_C_DEV | _SC_2_C_DEV
> _POSIX2_CHAR_TERM | _SC_2_CHAR_TERM
> _POSIX2_FORT_DEV | _SC_2_FORT_DEV
> _POSIX2_FORT_RUN | _SC_2_FORT_RUN
> _POSIX2_LOCALEDEF | _SC_2_LOCALEDEF
> _POSIX2_PBS | _SC_2_PBS
> _POSIX2_PBS_ACCOUNTING | _SC_2_PBS_ACCOUNTING
> _POSIX2_PBS_CHECKPOINT | _SC_2_PBS_CHECKPOINT
> _POSIX2_PBS_LOCATE | _SC_2_PBS_LOCATE
> _POSIX2_PBS_MESSAGE | _SC_2_PBS_MESSAGE
> _POSIX2_PBS_TRACK | _SC_2_PBS_TRACK
> _POSIX2_SW_DEV | _SC_2_SW_DEV
> _POSIX2_UPE | _SC_2_UPE
> _POSIX2_VERSION | _SC_2_VERSION
> _XOPEN_CRYPT | _SC_XOPEN_CRYPT
> _XOPEN_ENH_I18N | _SC_XOPEN_ENH_I18N
> _XOPEN_REALTIME | _SC_XOPEN_REALTIME
> _XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS | _SC_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS
> _XOPEN_SHM | _SC_XOPEN_SHM
> _XOPEN_STREAMS | _SC_XOPEN_STREAMS
> _XOPEN_UNIX | _SC_XOPEN_UNIX
> _XOPEN_UUCP | _SC_XOPEN_UUCP
> _XOPEN_VERSION | _SC_XOPEN_VERSION

#### RETURN VALUE

> If name is an invalid value, sysconf() shall return -1 and set errno to indicate the error. If the variable corresponding to name is described in <limits.h> as a maximum or minimum value and the variable has no limit, sysconf() shall return -1 without changing the value of errno. Note that indefinite limits do not imply infinite limits; see <limits.h>.

> Otherwise, sysconf() shall return the current variable value on the system. The value returned shall not be more restrictive than the corresponding value described to the application when it was compiled with the implementation's <limits.h> or <unistd.h>. The value shall not change during the lifetime of the calling process, [XSI] except that sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) may return different values before and after a call to setrlimit() which changes the RLIMIT_NOFILE soft limit.

> If the variable corresponding to name is dependent on an unsupported option, the results are unspecified.

#### ERRORS

> The sysconf() function shall fail if:

> [EINVAL]
>   The value of the name argument is invalid.

The following sections are informative.

#### EXAMPLES

> None.

#### APPLICATION USAGE

> As -1 is a permissible return value in a successful situation, an application wishing to check for error situations should set errno to 0, then call sysconf(), and, if it returns -1, check to see if errno is non-zero.

> Application developers should check whether an option, such as _POSIX_TRACE, is supported prior to obtaining and using values for related variables, such as _POSIX_TRACE_NAME_MAX.

#### RATIONALE

> This functionality was added in response to requirements of application developers and of system vendors who deal with many international system configurations. It is closely related to pathconf() and fpathconf().

> Although a conforming application can run on all systems by never demanding more resources than the minimum values published in this volume of POSIX.1-2017, it is useful for that application to be able to use the actual value for the quantity of a resource available on any given system. To do this, the application makes use of the value of a symbolic constant in <limits.h> or <unistd.h>.

> However, once compiled, the application must still be able to cope if the amount of resource available is increased. To that end, an application may need a means of determining the quantity of a resource, or the presence of an option, at execution time.

> Two examples are offered:

> 1. Applications may wish to act differently on systems with or without job control. Applications vendors who wish to distribute only a single binary package to all instances of a computer architecture would be forced to assume job control is never available if it were to rely solely on the <unistd.h> value published in this volume of POSIX.1-2017.

> 2. International applications vendors occasionally require knowledge of the number of clock ticks per second. Without these facilities, they would be required to either distribute their applications partially in source form or to have 50 Hz and 60 Hz versions for the various countries in which they operate.

> It is the knowledge that many applications are actually distributed widely in executable form that leads to this facility. If limited to the most restrictive values in the headers, such applications would have to be prepared to accept the most limited environments offered by the smallest microcomputers. Although this is entirely portable, there was a consensus that they should be able to take advantage of the facilities offered by large systems, without the restrictions associated with source and object distributions.

> During the discussions of this feature, it was pointed out that it is almost always possible for an application to discern what a value might be at runtime by suitably testing the various functions themselves. And, in any event, it could always be written to adequately deal with error returns from the various functions. In the end, it was felt that this imposed an unreasonable level of complication and sophistication on the application developer.

> This runtime facility is not meant to provide ever-changing values that applications have to check multiple times. The values are seen as changing no more frequently than once per system initialization, such as by a system administrator or operator with an automatic configuration program. This volume of POSIX.1-2017 specifies that they shall not change within the lifetime of the process.

> Some values apply to the system overall and others vary at the file system or directory level. The latter are described in fpathconf.

> Note that all values returned must be expressible as integers. String values were considered, but the additional flexibility of this approach was rejected due to its added complexity of implementation and use.

> Some values, such as {PATH_MAX}, are sometimes so large that they must not be used to, say, allocate arrays. The sysconf() function returns a negative value to show that this symbolic constant is not even defined in this case.

> Similar to pathconf(), this permits the implementation not to have a limit. When one resource is infinite, returning an error indicating that some other resource limit has been reached is conforming behavior.

#### FUTURE DIRECTIONS

> None.

#### SEE ALSO

> confstr, fpathconf

> XBD <limits.h>, <unistd.h>

> XCU getconf

#### CHANGE HISTORY

> First released in Issue 3. Included for alignment with the POSIX.1-1988 standard.

#### Issue 5

> The DESCRIPTION is updated for alignment with the POSIX Realtime Extension and the POSIX Threads Extension.

> The _XBS_ variables and name values are added to the table of system variables in the DESCRIPTION. These are all marked EX.

#### Issue 6

> The symbol CLK_TCK is obsolescent and removed. It is replaced with the phrase "clock ticks per second".

> The symbol {PASS_MAX} is removed.

> The following changes were made to align with the IEEE P1003.1a draft standard:

> - Table entries are added for the following variables: _SC_REGEXP, _SC_SHELL, _SC_REGEX_VERSION, _SC_SYMLOOP_MAX.

> The following sysconf() variables and their associated names are added for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1d-1999:

> >     _POSIX_ADVISORY_INFO
> >     _POSIX_CPUTIME
> >     _POSIX_SPAWN
> >     _POSIX_SPORADIC_SERVER
> >     _POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME
> >     _POSIX_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER
> >     _POSIX_TIMEOUTS

> The following changes are made to the DESCRIPTION for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000:

> - A statement expressing the dependency of support for some system variables on implementation options is added.

> - The following system variables are added:

>   >     _POSIX_BARRIERS
>   >     _POSIX_CLOCK_SELECTION
>   >     _POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK
>   >     _POSIX_READER_WRITER_LOCKS
>   >     _POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS
>   >     _POSIX_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS

> The following system variables are added for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.2d-1994:

> >     _POSIX2_PBS
> >     _POSIX2_PBS_ACCOUNTING
> >     _POSIX2_PBS_LOCATE
> >     _POSIX2_PBS_MESSAGE
> >     _POSIX2_PBS_TRACK

> The following sysconf() variables and their associated names are added for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1q-2000:

> >     _POSIX_TRACE
> >     _POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER
> >     _POSIX_TRACE_INHERIT
> >     _POSIX_TRACE_LOG

> The macros associated with the c89 programming models are marked LEGACY, and new equivalent macros associated with c99 are introduced.

> IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002, item XSH/TC1/D6/62 is applied, updating the DESCRIPTION to denote that the _PC* and _SC* symbols are now required to be supported. A corresponding change has been made in the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2008. The deletion in the second paragraph removes some duplicated text. Additional symbols that were erroneously omitted from this reference page have been added.

> IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002, item XSH/TC1/D6/63 is applied, making it clear in the RETURN VALUE section that the value returned for sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) may change if a call to setrlimit() adjusts the RLIMIT_NOFILE soft limit.

> IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 2-2004, item XSH/TC2/D6/134 is applied, updating the DESCRIPTION to remove an erroneous entry for _POSIX_SYMLOOP_MAX. This corrects an error in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002.

> IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 2-2004, item XSH/TC2/D6/135 is applied, removing _POSIX_FILE_LOCKING, _POSIX_MULTI_PROCESS, _POSIX2_C_VERSION, and _XOPEN_XCU_VERSION (and their associated _SC_* variables) from the DESCRIPTION and APPLICATION USAGE sections.

> IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 2-2004, item XSH/TC2/D6/136 is applied, adding the following constants (and their associated _SC_* variables) to the DESCRIPTION:

> >     _POSIX_SS_REPL_MAX
> >     _POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX
> >     _POSIX_TRACE_NAME_MAX
> >     _POSIX_TRACE_SYS_MAX
> >     _POSIX_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX

> The RETURN VALUE and APPLICATION USAGE sections are updated to note that if variables are dependent on unsupported options, the results are unspecified.

> IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 2-2004, item XSH/TC2/D6/137 is applied, removing _REGEX_VERSION and _SC_REGEX_VERSION.

#### Issue 7

> Austin Group Interpretation 1003.1-2001 #160 is applied.

> SD5-XSH-ERN-166 is applied, changing "Maximum size" to "Initial size" for the "Maximum size of ..." entries in the table in the DESCRIPTION.

> The variables for the supported programming environments are updated to be V7 and the LEGACY variables are removed.

> The following constants are added:

> >     _POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_INHERIT
> >     _POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_PROTECT

> The _XOPEN_UUCP variable and its associated _SC_XOPEN_UUCP value is added to the table of system variables.

> POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 2, XSH/TC2-2008/0364 [752] is applied.

End of informative text.

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