Drought thresholds that impact vegetation reveal the divergent responses of vegetation growth to drought across China
Mingze Sun
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xiangyi Li
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Correspondence
Xiangyi Li, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Email: xiangyili@pku.edu.cn
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorHao Xu
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorKai Wang
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Methodology, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorNazhakaiti Anniwaer
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Data curation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorSongbai Hong
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorMingze Sun
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xiangyi Li
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Correspondence
Xiangyi Li, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Email: xiangyili@pku.edu.cn
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorHao Xu
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorKai Wang
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Methodology, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorNazhakaiti Anniwaer
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Data curation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorSongbai Hong
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Contribution: Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this author
Abstract
Identifying droughts and accurately evaluating drought impacts on vegetation growth are crucial to understanding the terrestrial carbon balance across China. However, few studies have identified the critical drought thresholds that impact China's vegetation growth, leading to large uncertainty in assessing the ecological consequences of droughts. In this study, we utilize gridded surface soil moisture data and satellite-observed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to assess vegetation response to droughts in China during 2001–2018. Based on the nonlinear relationship between changing drought stress and the coincident anomalies of NDVI during the growing season, we derive the spatial patterns of satellite-based drought thresholds (T SM) that impact vegetation growth in China via a framework for detecting drought thresholds combining the methods of feature extraction, coincidence analysis, and piecewise linear regression. The T SM values represent percentile-based drought threshold levels, with smaller T SM values corresponding to more negative anomalies of soil moisture. On average, T SM is at the 8.7th percentile and detectable in 64.4% of China's vegetated lands, with lower values in North China and Jianghan Plain and higher values in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. Furthermore, T SM for forests is commonly lower than that for grasslands. We also find that agricultural irrigation modifies the drought thresholds for croplands in the Sichuan Basin. For future projections, Earth System Models predict that more regions in China will face an increasing risk for ecological drought, and the Hexi Corridor-Hetao Plain and Shandong Peninsula will become hotspots of ecological drought. This study has important implications for accurately evaluating the impacts of drought on vegetation growth in China and provides a scientific reference for the effective ecomanagement of China's terrestrial ecosystems.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
All data used in this study is openly available. The MODIS NDVI is available at https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod13c2v006. ERA5-Land surface soil moisture is available at https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.68d2bb30. Meteorological data is available at https://doi.org/10.11888/AtmosphericPhysics.tpe.249369.file. Surface soil moisture from outputs of CMIP6 Earth System Models is available at https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/. Tree cover data is available at https://glad.earthengine.app/view/global-forest-change. Agricultural irrigation rate data is available at https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/geospatial-information/global-maps-irrigated-areas/latest-version/.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| gcb16998-sup-0001-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 10 MB |
Data S1 |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Research funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Number: 41988101
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Publication History
- 08 December 2023
- 29 October 2023
- 03 October 2023
- 21 September 2023
- 12 July 2023
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Elkins, L. J., & Spiegelman, M. (2021). pyUserCalc: A revised Jupyter notebook calculator for uranium-series disequilibria in basalts. Earth and Space Science, 8, e2020EA001619. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001619
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