---
name: zero-waste-guide
description: |
  Practical guide to reducing household waste using the 5R framework (refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, rot), including waste audit methodology, room-by-room product swaps, composting setup options, bulk shopping strategies, DIY alternatives for common products, meal planning to reduce food waste, and zero-waste approaches for bathroom and kitchen.
  Use when the user asks about zero waste guide, or needs help with practical guide to reducing household waste using the 5r framework (refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, rot), including waste audit methodology, room-by-room product swaps, composting setup options, bulk shopping strategies, diy alternatives for common products, meal planning to reduce food waste, and zero-waste approaches for bathroom and kitchen.
  Do NOT use when the request requires professional specialized advice or falls outside the scope of zero waste guide.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "sustainability waste-reduction guide"
  category: "sustainability"
  subcategory: "sustainable-living"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "beginner"
---

# Zero Waste Living Guide

## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about zero waste guide
- User needs guidance on zero waste guide topics
- User wants a structured approach to zero waste guide

**Do NOT use when:**
- Request requires professional consultation beyond educational guidance
- User needs emergency assistance

## Questions to Ask First

1. What is your current waste situation (how many bags of trash per week)?
2. Have you tried any waste reduction strategies before?
3. What is your primary motivation (environmental, financial, simplicity, health)?
4. Do you live alone, with a partner, or with a family (including ages of children)?
5. Do you have access to curbside recycling and composting services?
6. What is your budget for making switches (some swaps cost more upfront)?
7. Are there bulk stores, farmers markets, or refill shops in your area?
8. What areas generate the most waste in your home (kitchen, bathroom, packaging)?
9. Are there any lifestyle constraints (medical needs, dietary restrictions, time limitations)?
10. Are you looking for a gradual transition or a significant immediate change?

---

## Phase 1: The 5R Framework

### The Hierarchy (In Order of Priority)

```
1. REFUSE    -- Say no to what you don't need
2. REDUCE    -- Minimize what you do need
3. REUSE     -- Repurpose what you consume
4. RECYCLE   -- Send materials back into the system
5. ROT       -- Compost what remains
```

**Why this order matters:** Refusing and reducing prevent waste from being created. Reusing extends the life of existing items. Recycling and composting are last resorts -- they are better than landfill but still require energy and resources.

### Applying Each R

**REFUSE:**
- Decline plastic bags (bring your own)
- Say no to free promotional items and swag
- Unsubscribe from junk mail (DMAchoice.org, CatalogChoice.org)
- Decline receipts (opt for email receipts)
- Refuse single-use items at restaurants (straws, plastic utensils, styrofoam)
- Skip freebies you do not actually need

**REDUCE:**
- Buy only what you will use (especially food)
- Choose products with less packaging
- Buy concentrated products (cleaning supplies, soap)
- Reduce subscriptions and deliveries
- Downsize your belongings (less stuff = less future waste)
- Choose quality over quantity (longer-lasting items)

**REUSE:**
- Use cloth napkins, towels, and handkerchiefs
- Bring reusable bags, bottles, cups, and containers
- Repurpose glass jars for storage
- Use rechargeable batteries
- Repair clothing and items instead of replacing
- Buy secondhand when possible
- Donate or sell items you no longer need

**RECYCLE (Correctly):**
- Know your local recycling rules (they vary significantly)
- Clean and dry recyclables before placing in the bin
- Do not "wish-cycle" (putting non-recyclable items in hoping they will be recycled)
- Flatten cardboard boxes
- Remove caps and lids as instructed by your municipality
- Keep plastic bags out of curbside recycling (return to store drop-offs)

**ROT (Compost):**
- Compost food scraps (fruit, vegetables, coffee grounds, eggshells)
- Compost yard waste (leaves, grass clippings, small branches)
- Use compostable products when disposables are unavoidable
- Set up a composting system that fits your living situation

---

## Phase 2: Waste Audit

### How to Conduct a Waste Audit

**Step 1: Collect one week of waste** (trash and recycling, separately).

**Step 2: Sort into categories:**

```
WASTE AUDIT RESULTS
====================
Week of: _______________

Category              | Trash (lbs/count) | Recycling (lbs/count) | Notes
----------------------+-------------------+----------------------+------
Food waste            | ____________      | N/A                  |
Plastic packaging     | ____________      | ____________         |
Paper/cardboard       | ____________      | ____________         |
Glass                 | ____________      | ____________         |
Metal/cans            | ____________      | ____________         |
Styrofoam             | ____________      | N/A                  |
Textiles/clothing     | ____________      | N/A                  |
Hygiene products      | ____________      | N/A                  |
Other                 | ____________      | ____________         |

Total Trash: ____________
Total Recycling: ____________
```

**Step 3: Identify the top 3-5 waste categories.** These are your priority areas.

**Step 4: For each priority, brainstorm alternatives** using the room-by-room swaps below.

---

## Phase 3: Room-by-Room Swaps

### Kitchen Swaps

| Disposable Item | Zero-Waste Alternative | Approximate Cost |
|----------------|----------------------|-----------------|
| Paper towels | Cloth towels and rags (cut old t-shirts) | $0-$15 |
| Plastic wrap | Beeswax wraps or silicone lids | $10-$20 |
| Plastic bags (zip-lock) | Silicone reusable bags or containers | $10-$25 |
| Paper napkins | Cloth napkins | $10-$20 for a set |
| Sponges | Compostable sponges, dish brushes with replaceable heads | $5-$15 |
| Plastic bottles (cleaning) | Concentrated refill tablets or DIY solutions | $5-$15 |
| Aluminum foil | Reusable silicone mats or stainless steel sheets | $10-$20 |
| Disposable cups/plates | Reusable dishes for all occasions | $0 (use what you have) |
| Tea bags | Loose leaf tea with reusable infuser | $10-$15 (infuser) |
| Coffee pods | French press, pour-over, or moka pot | $15-$40 |
| Plastic produce bags | Reusable mesh produce bags | $5-$10 |

### Bathroom Swaps

| Disposable Item | Zero-Waste Alternative | Approximate Cost |
|----------------|----------------------|-----------------|
| Plastic toothbrush | Bamboo toothbrush | $3-$5 each |
| Bottled shampoo | Shampoo bar or refill station | $8-$15 per bar |
| Bottled conditioner | Conditioner bar | $8-$15 per bar |
| Body wash in plastic | Bar soap | $3-$8 per bar |
| Disposable razors | Safety razor (stainless steel) | $20-$40 (razor), $0.10/blade |
| Cotton rounds | Reusable cotton rounds | $8-$15 for a set |
| Cotton swabs | Reusable silicone swabs or bamboo swabs | $5-$12 |
| Plastic floss containers | Silk or bamboo floss in refillable container | $5-$10 |
| Menstrual products | Menstrual cup, period underwear, or cloth pads | $15-$40 |
| Tissues | Handkerchiefs | $5-$15 for a set |

### Laundry and Cleaning Swaps

| Disposable Item | Zero-Waste Alternative | Approximate Cost |
|----------------|----------------------|-----------------|
| Plastic laundry bottles | Laundry strips or powder in cardboard | $10-$15 |
| Dryer sheets | Wool dryer balls | $10-$15 for a set |
| Spray bottle cleaners | DIY cleaners or concentrate refills | $5-$15 |
| Trash bags | Compostable bags, or line bin with newspaper | $5-$10 |
| Disposable mop pads | Washable mop pads or traditional mop | $10-$20 |

### On-the-Go Swaps
- Reusable water bottle (stainless steel or glass)
- Reusable coffee cup or thermos
- Cloth shopping bags (keep in car or by door)
- Reusable utensil set (bamboo or stainless steel)
- Cloth produce bags
- Reusable straw (stainless steel, glass, or bamboo)
- Reusable food containers for leftovers and takeout

---

## Phase 4: Composting Setup

### Choosing Your Composting Method

| Method | Space Needed | Best For | Effort Level | Time to Compost |
|--------|-------------|----------|-------------|-----------------|
| Backyard bin | Outdoor space | Houses with yards | Medium | 2-6 months |
| Tumbler composter | Small outdoor space | Suburban homes | Medium | 1-3 months |
| Worm bin (vermicomposting) | Indoor or outdoor | Apartments, small spaces | Medium | 2-4 months |
| Bokashi | Indoor countertop | Apartments, all climates | Low-Medium | 2-4 weeks (fermentation) + burial |
| Municipal composting | None | Where curbside service exists | Very Low | N/A (city handles) |
| Community garden compost | None at home | Urban areas | Low | Drop off |
| Electric composter | Kitchen counter | Any living situation | Very Low | 24-48 hours |

### What to Compost (and What NOT to)

**Compostable (Green/Nitrogen):**
- Fruit and vegetable scraps
- Coffee grounds and paper filters
- Tea leaves
- Fresh grass clippings
- Plant trimmings

**Compostable (Brown/Carbon):**
- Dry leaves
- Shredded newspaper and cardboard
- Straw and hay
- Wood chips and sawdust (untreated)
- Dryer lint (from natural fiber clothing)
- Eggshells (crushed)

**Do NOT Compost (standard home composting):**
- Meat and fish scraps (attracts pests; Bokashi can handle these)
- Dairy products (attracts pests)
- Oils and fats
- Pet waste (dog, cat)
- Diseased plants
- Treated or painted wood
- Plastic, even "compostable" plastic (in home systems)

### Basic Composting Ratio
Aim for approximately 3 parts brown (carbon) to 1 part green (nitrogen) by volume. Keep the pile moist like a wrung-out sponge. Turn regularly for faster decomposition.

---

## Phase 5: Bulk Shopping and Reducing Packaging

### Bulk Shopping Guide

**What to buy in bulk:**
- Grains (rice, oats, quinoa, pasta)
- Beans and legumes (dried)
- Nuts and seeds
- Flour and baking supplies
- Spices and herbs
- Oils and vinegars (refill stations)
- Coffee and tea
- Dried fruit
- Cleaning products (refill stations)
- Personal care products (refill stations)

**Bulk shopping tips:**
- Bring your own containers (weigh empty at checkout first -- called "tare weight")
- Use cloth bags for dry goods
- Start with a few staples you use regularly
- Compare per-unit prices to packaged alternatives
- Store bulk purchases in glass jars at home
- Label everything with contents and purchase date

### Reducing Packaging Waste
- Choose products in glass, metal, or cardboard over plastic
- Buy the largest size you will use (less packaging per unit)
- Choose concentrated products
- Shop at farmers markets (bring your own bags)
- Subscribe to a CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) for produce
- Shop at refill stores for cleaning and personal care products
- Choose bars over liquids when possible (soap, shampoo, lotion)

---

## Phase 6: DIY Alternatives

### Simple DIY Recipes

**All-Purpose Cleaner:**
```
1 cup white vinegar
1 cup water
10-15 drops essential oil (optional -- lemon, tea tree, or lavender)
Mix in a spray bottle. Do not use on marble or stone (vinegar is acidic).
```

**Dish Soap (Simple):**
```
1 cup liquid castile soap
1 tablespoon white vinegar
5 drops essential oil (optional)
Mix gently. Use a small amount per load of dishes.
```

**Laundry Powder:**
```
1 cup washing soda
1 cup baking soda
1 bar castile soap (grated finely)
Mix thoroughly. Use 2 tablespoons per load.
```

**Body Scrub:**
```
1/2 cup sugar or salt
1/4 cup coconut oil (melted)
5-10 drops essential oil (optional)
Mix and store in a glass jar. Use within 2-3 months.
```

**Beeswax Wraps:**
```
Cotton fabric (cut to desired sizes)
Beeswax pellets
Parchment paper, iron or oven
Sprinkle beeswax on fabric between parchment, iron until melted
and absorbed, or bake at 200F for a few minutes. Hang to dry.
```

---

## Phase 7: Meal Planning to Reduce Food Waste

### Food Waste Reduction Strategy

**The average household wastes 30-40% of purchased food.**

**Step 1: Shop with a plan**
- Inventory what you already have before shopping
- Plan meals for the week using what needs to be used first
- Make a list and stick to it
- Buy only what you will realistically eat

**Step 2: Store food properly**
| Food | Best Storage | Extends Life By |
|------|-------------|----------------|
| Herbs | Glass of water in fridge (like flowers) | 1-2 weeks |
| Bread | Freezer (toast from frozen) | Weeks vs. days |
| Bananas | Separate from other fruit, wrap stems | 2-3 extra days |
| Leafy greens | Damp cloth in container in fridge | 3-5 days |
| Berries | Unwashed, lined container, paper towel | 2-3 days |
| Avocados | Ripen on counter, then refrigerate | 2-3 days ripe |
| Cheese | Wax paper, then loose container (not plastic wrap) | 1-2 weeks |
| Apples | Refrigerator (separate from other produce) | Weeks |

**Step 3: Use what you have**
- FIFO system (First In, First Out -- use oldest items first)
- "Eat the fridge" meals once per week (use up leftovers and odds and ends)
- Freeze items before they go bad (bread, fruit, vegetables, cooked meals)
- Learn to use "scraps" (vegetable scraps for broth, stale bread for croutons)
- Understand date labels ("best by" is quality, "use by" is safety -- "sell by" is for stores)

**Step 4: Compost what remains**
After refusing waste, reducing consumption, and reusing/repurposing, compost any remaining food scraps.

---

## Phase 8: Getting Started Without Getting Overwhelmed

### The 30-Day Zero Waste Kickstart

| Week | Focus Area | Actions |
|------|-----------|---------|
| Week 1 | Assessment | Conduct waste audit, identify top 3 waste categories |
| Week 2 | Kitchen | Switch to reusable bags, start composting food scraps, reduce food waste |
| Week 3 | Bathroom | Try a bar soap or shampoo bar, switch one disposable item |
| Week 4 | On-the-go | Carry reusable water bottle, coffee cup, and bags consistently |

### Mindset Principles
- **Progress, not perfection.** Zero waste is a direction, not a destination.
- **Start with the easiest swaps.** Build momentum before tackling harder changes.
- **One swap at a time.** Finish what you have before buying alternatives.
- **Do not throw away existing disposable items to buy reusable ones.** Use what you have first.
- **It is not all or nothing.** Even reducing your waste by 50% makes a significant impact.
- **Avoid zero-waste consumerism.** You do not need to buy a bunch of new things to be zero waste.

### Common Challenges and Solutions

| Challenge | Solution |
|-----------|---------|
| "It takes too much time" | Start with 2-3 swaps that fit your routine; it becomes habitual |
| "It costs too much" | Most swaps save money long-term; start with free changes |
| "My family won't participate" | Lead by example; make it easy (put bins where they are needed) |
| "I can't find bulk/refill stores" | Online refill services exist; focus on reducing packaging, not eliminating it |
| "Medical/health needs require disposables" | That is completely valid -- reduce where you can, do not feel guilt |
| "Recycling is confusing" | Call your local waste management for a clear guide |

---

## Impact Tracking

### Monthly Waste Reduction Tracker

```
MONTHLY WASTE TRACKER
======================
Month: _______________

Trash bags to curb this month: _____ (compare to baseline)
Recycling bags to curb: _____
Food composted (estimated lbs): _____

Swaps made this month:
1. _________________________________ (estimated waste saved: _______)
2. _________________________________ (estimated waste saved: _______)
3. _________________________________ (estimated waste saved: _______)

Money saved this month from reusable switches: $_______
Next month's focus area: _________________________________
```

Every small change adds up. A family that reduces waste by even one bag per week keeps 52 bags out of the landfill each year. Start where you are and keep going.


## Output Format

```
ZERO WASTE GUIDE OUTPUT
=======================

Section 1: Assessment / Analysis
- Key findings
- Recommendations

Section 2: Action Plan
- Step-by-step guidance
- Timeline if applicable

Section 3: Resources
- Relevant references
- Next steps
```

## Example

**Input:** "Help me get started with zero waste guide"

**Output:** A structured zero waste guide plan tailored to the user's specific situation, following the process outlined above.

## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding. Do not assume details the user has not provided.
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate professional resources when the request exceeds educational guidance.
- **Conflicting requirements:** Present trade-offs clearly and let the user decide priorities.
