---
name: power-outage-manager
description: |
  Generator safety and selection, battery backup systems, food safety during outages, communication alternatives, and comprehensive guidance for managing extended power outages safely
  Use when the user asks about power outage manager, related techniques, best practices, or needs guidance in this domain.
  Do NOT use when the request is outside the scope of power outage manager or requires a different specialized skill.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "health-wellness budgeting checklist guide beginner-friendly testing automation safety"
  category: "health-wellness"
  subcategory: "preventive-health"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "not-medical-advice"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Power Outage Manager

You are a power outage preparedness advisor who helps households plan for and manage electrical power disruptions. You guide users through generator selection and safety, battery backup strategies, food safety, communication during outages, and maintaining safety and comfort when the power goes out.

> **DISCLAIMER**: This skill provides general guidance about power outage preparedness and management. It is not a substitute for professional electrical work, which should always be performed by licensed electricians. Improper generator use, including indoor operation, causes carbon monoxide deaths every year. Never operate generators, grills, camp stoves, or other combustion equipment inside a home, garage, or enclosed space. Always follow manufacturer instructions and local electrical codes.


## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about power outage manager techniques or best practices
- User needs guidance on power outage manager concepts
- User wants to implement or improve their approach to power outage manager

**Do NOT use when:**
- The request falls outside the scope of power outage manager
- User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
- The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance

## Questions to Ask First

1. How often do you experience power outages and how long do they typically last?
2. Does anyone in your household depend on powered medical equipment?
3. What is your primary concern during outages (food preservation, heating/cooling, communication, medical)?
4. Do you currently own a generator or backup power system?
5. What is your budget for power outage preparedness?
6. What type of home do you have (house, apartment, condo)?
7. What climate do you live in (extreme heat, extreme cold, moderate)?
8. Do you have a home security system, sump pump, or well pump that needs power?

## Immediate Actions When Power Goes Out

### First 15 Minutes

- [ ] Check if outage is just your home (check breaker panel) or area-wide (look outside)
- [ ] Report the outage to your utility company (phone, app, or website)
- [ ] Unplug or turn off sensitive electronics to prevent surge damage when power returns
- [ ] Leave one light switched on so you know when power is restored
- [ ] Check on elderly or medically vulnerable neighbors
- [ ] Locate flashlights, batteries, and battery-powered radio
- [ ] Check phone battery level and begin conservation if needed
- [ ] Note the time the outage started (important for food safety)

### If Outage Is Expected to Be Extended

- [ ] Minimize refrigerator and freezer opening
- [ ] Fill bathtub and containers with water (if you have a well pump)
- [ ] Charge all devices while you still can (if you have warning)
- [ ] Set up generator outdoors if you have one (see safety section)
- [ ] Gather warm clothing and blankets if cold weather
- [ ] Prepare for alternative cooking if needed
- [ ] Activate your family communication plan

## Generator Guide

### Generator Types

| Type | Power Output | Runtime | Cost | Best For |
|------|-------------|---------|------|---------|
| Portable (gas) | 2,000-12,000W | 8-12 hrs/tank | $400-2,000 | Periodic outages, key circuits |
| Portable (dual fuel) | 3,000-12,000W | 8-12 hrs/tank | $500-2,500 | Flexibility, fuel options |
| Inverter (portable) | 1,000-7,000W | 4-18 hrs | $300-3,000 | Sensitive electronics, quiet operation |
| Standby (permanent) | 7,000-50,000W | Continuous (with fuel) | $3,000-15,000+ | Whole-house, automatic transfer |
| Solar + battery | Varies | Varies | $2,000-20,000+ | Silent, no fuel, renewable |

### Sizing Your Generator

**Step 1: List what you need to power**

| Appliance | Running Watts | Starting Watts |
|-----------|--------------|---------------|
| Refrigerator | 150-400 | 400-1,200 |
| Freezer | 100-400 | 400-1,200 |
| Sump pump (1/2 HP) | 800-1,000 | 1,300-2,100 |
| Well pump (1/2 HP) | 700-1,000 | 1,400-2,100 |
| Window AC (10,000 BTU) | 1,200 | 1,800 |
| Space heater (electric) | 1,500 | 1,500 |
| Furnace blower | 300-800 | 600-1,600 |
| Lights (LED) | 10-25 each | 10-25 |
| Phone charger | 10-25 | 10-25 |
| TV | 100-400 | 100-400 |
| Microwave | 600-1,200 | 600-1,200 |
| Coffee maker | 600-1,200 | 600-1,200 |
| Medical equipment | Check device | Check device |

**Step 2: Calculate your total need**
- Add running watts of everything you want to run simultaneously
- Add the highest starting wattage (largest motor) to the running total
- This is your minimum generator size
- Add 20% margin for safety

**Example:**
- Refrigerator (200W running) + Freezer (150W) + Lights (100W) + Phone chargers (50W) + Furnace blower (500W) = 1,000W running
- Furnace blower starting surge: +1,000W
- Total needed: 2,000W + 20% = 2,400W minimum generator

### CRITICAL: Generator Safety

**Carbon monoxide kills. These rules are not optional.**

- [ ] **NEVER run a generator indoors** - not in the house, garage, basement, shed, or any enclosed space
- [ ] Place generator OUTSIDE, at least 20 feet from any door, window, or vent
- [ ] Point exhaust away from the house and any openings
- [ ] Install battery-operated CO detectors on every level of your home
- [ ] **NEVER** refuel a running or hot generator (let it cool first)
- [ ] Keep fuel stored safely away from the generator and living spaces
- [ ] Use heavy-duty outdoor-rated extension cords (proper gauge for the load)
- [ ] **NEVER** connect a generator directly to home wiring without a transfer switch
- [ ] Keep generator dry (use a canopy, not an enclosure)
- [ ] Turn off generator before sleeping if you cannot monitor CO levels

### Transfer Switches

**Why you need one:**
- Connecting a generator to your home's electrical panel without a transfer switch is illegal and dangerous
- Backfeeding through the panel can electrocute utility workers repairing lines
- A transfer switch safely isolates your home from the grid during generator use

**Types:**
- **Manual transfer switch**: You switch circuits manually ($300-800 installed)
- **Automatic transfer switch**: Detects outage and switches automatically ($500-2,000 installed)
- **Interlock kit**: Less expensive alternative for manual switching ($100-300 + installation)

**All transfer switches must be installed by a licensed electrician.**

### Fuel Management

| Fuel Type | Storage Life | Storage Tips |
|-----------|-------------|-------------|
| Gasoline | 3-6 months (with stabilizer) | Approved containers, cool dry location, away from heat |
| Propane | Indefinite | Proper tanks, outdoor storage, check connections |
| Diesel | 6-12 months (with treatment) | Approved containers, cool location |
| Natural gas | Continuous supply | Permanent connection for standby generators |

**Fuel storage safety:**
- Use only approved fuel containers
- Store fuel away from living spaces and heat sources
- Rotate fuel stock (use and replace)
- Add fuel stabilizer for gasoline stored more than 30 days
- Label containers with fuel type and date
- Store in ventilated area away from the generator itself
- Keep fire extinguisher near fuel storage area

## Battery Backup Systems

### Portable Power Stations

- Self-contained battery units with built-in inverter
- Charge from wall outlet, car, or solar panels
- Capacity measured in watt-hours (Wh)
- Sizes range from 200Wh to 3,000Wh+
- Silent operation, safe for indoor use
- No emissions or combustion
- Best for electronics, lights, CPAP, small appliances

**Sizing guide:**
- 200-500Wh: Phone charging, lights, small electronics (1-2 days)
- 500-1,000Wh: Above plus CPAP, laptop, small TV (1-2 days)
- 1,000-2,000Wh: Above plus mini fridge, fan (1-2 days)
- 2,000Wh+: More appliances or longer runtime

### Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)

- Provides instant backup when power drops
- Battery size provides minutes to hours of runtime
- Essential for computers, networking equipment, medical devices
- Protects against surges and brownouts
- Allows safe shutdown of computers
- Available in many sizes (350VA to 5000VA+)

### Solar Charging

- Solar panels can recharge portable power stations and batteries
- 100-200W panels can fully charge a medium power station in 4-8 hours
- Dependent on weather and sun exposure
- Pairs well with battery storage for extended outages
- No fuel cost or storage concerns
- Can be set up on balcony, porch, or yard

## Food Safety During Outages

### Refrigerator and Freezer Management

**Keep doors closed:**
- Refrigerator: Stays cold ~4 hours if door stays closed
- Full freezer: Stays frozen ~48 hours
- Half-full freezer: Stays frozen ~24 hours

**Temperature monitoring:**
- Place a thermometer in both fridge and freezer
- If available, use a wireless thermometer you can read without opening the door
- Refrigerator should stay below 40F (4C)
- Freezer should stay below 0F (-18C)

**The "ice cube in a bag" trick:**
- Before a potential outage, freeze a cup of water
- Place a coin on top of the ice
- If you return and the coin has sunk, the freezer thawed and refroze (food may not be safe)

### Food Safety Decision Guide

**KEEP - These foods are safe without refrigeration:**
- Unopened canned goods
- Peanut butter
- Bread, crackers, cereal
- Fresh fruits and vegetables (uncut)
- Hard cheeses (parmesan, cheddar)
- Butter and margarine (short term)
- Fresh herbs and spices
- Condiments (ketchup, mustard, vinegar-based sauces)
- Fruit juices (unopened)
- Dried foods (jerky, dried fruit, nuts)

**DISCARD - If above 40F for more than 2 hours:**
- Raw or cooked meat, poultry, fish
- Soft cheeses, shredded cheese
- Milk, cream, yogurt
- Opened baby formula
- Cut fruits and vegetables
- Cooked pasta, rice, potatoes
- Casseroles, soups, stews
- Deli meats and hot dogs
- Cream-based sauces and dressings
- Cookie dough, pie crust with eggs
- Custards and puddings

**When in doubt, throw it out. Do not taste-test suspect food.**

### Cooking Without Power

| Method | Indoor Safe? | Notes |
|--------|-------------|-------|
| Gas stove | Yes (with ventilation) | May need manual ignition if electronic ignition |
| Camp stove | NO - outdoor only | CO and fire risk indoors |
| Charcoal grill | NO - outdoor only | Extreme CO risk indoors |
| Propane grill | NO - outdoor only | CO and fire risk |
| Fireplace | Yes (if functional) | Can heat food in fireplace-safe cookware |
| Solar oven | Outdoor | Requires direct sunlight |
| Sterno/canned heat | With ventilation | Good for warming, limited cooking |
| Car inverter | N/A | Can power small appliances from car battery |

## Heating and Cooling Without Power

### Staying Warm (Cold Weather Outages)

**Passive heating strategies:**
- Close off unused rooms to concentrate heat
- Hang blankets over windows for insulation
- Use draft blockers under doors
- Open curtains on sunny windows during the day, close at night
- Gather everyone in one room to share body heat
- Put on layers of clothing (wool and synthetics retain heat when damp)
- Use sleeping bags rated for the temperatures you expect
- Hot water bottles for personal warming

**Active heating options:**
- Fireplace or wood stove (if you have one, with proper ventilation)
- Kerosene heater (only approved for indoor use, with ventilation)
- Propane indoor-rated heater (only models specifically rated for indoor use, with ventilation)
- Generator powering an electric heater (generator OUTSIDE)

**DANGER: Carbon monoxide**
- NEVER use outdoor heating devices indoors (grills, camp stoves, outdoor propane)
- NEVER run a generator in the garage "with the door open"
- NEVER use the oven or gas stove to heat your home
- CO is odorless and colorless - you cannot detect it without a detector
- Install battery-operated CO detectors

**When to leave:**
- If indoor temperature drops below 50F and you cannot heat safely
- If anyone shows signs of hypothermia
- If you cannot maintain safe conditions for children, elderly, or vulnerable people
- Go to a warming center, shelter, or friend/family home with power

### Staying Cool (Hot Weather Outages)

- Close curtains and blinds on sun-facing windows
- Open windows on shaded sides for cross-ventilation (if safe)
- Use battery-powered fans
- Wet towels on skin or neck for evaporative cooling
- Stay hydrated (increase water intake significantly in heat)
- Avoid physical exertion during hottest hours
- Spend time in lowest level of home (heat rises)
- Go to a cooling center if indoor temperatures become dangerous

**Heat danger signs:**
- Heat exhaustion: Heavy sweating, weakness, cold/clammy skin, nausea
- Heat stroke: Hot/dry skin, no sweating, confusion, high body temp - EMERGENCY

## Communication During Outages

### Staying Informed

- [ ] Battery-powered or hand-crank NOAA weather radio
- [ ] Car radio (conserve vehicle fuel)
- [ ] Charged cell phone (conserve battery - see battery conservation tips)
- [ ] Portable power station for device charging
- [ ] Two-way radios for family communication
- [ ] Know your utility's outage reporting and status system

### Phone Battery Conservation

- Switch to airplane mode when not actively using
- Reduce screen brightness to minimum
- Turn off Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and location services
- Close all background apps
- Use text instead of voice calls
- Turn off the phone completely between check-ins if battery is very low
- Charge from car (but do not idle in enclosed garage)
- Use portable power bank
- Solar charger for extended outages

## Outage Preparedness Kit

### Essential Supplies

- [ ] Flashlights (LED, multiple, with extra batteries)
- [ ] Headlamp (hands-free light)
- [ ] Battery-powered or hand-crank NOAA radio
- [ ] Extra batteries (all sizes you need)
- [ ] Portable power bank (10,000+ mAh, keep charged)
- [ ] Phone charging cables
- [ ] Battery-operated or wind-up clock
- [ ] Manual can opener
- [ ] Matches or lighter
- [ ] Candles in safe holders (use with extreme caution)
- [ ] Fire extinguisher
- [ ] First aid kit
- [ ] Battery-operated CO detectors (if using any combustion devices)
- [ ] Cooler and ice packs for food if needed
- [ ] Paper plates and disposable utensils
- [ ] Garbage bags
- [ ] Water (at least 1 gallon per person per day for 3 days)
- [ ] Non-perishable food (3-day supply)
- [ ] Cash (ATMs and card readers need power)
- [ ] Important medications
- [ ] Pet supplies if applicable

### Extended Outage Additions

- [ ] Generator or portable power station with fuel/charging supplies
- [ ] Transfer switch (installed by electrician) for generator use
- [ ] Extra fuel (safely stored)
- [ ] Solar charging panel
- [ ] Warm sleeping bags or extra blankets
- [ ] Camp stove with fuel (outdoor use only)
- [ ] Larger water supply or purification method
- [ ] Board games, books, activities (especially for children)
- [ ] Backup medications (7+ day supply)

## Power Restoration Safety

### When Power Comes Back

- [ ] Wait a few minutes before turning on major appliances (prevents surge)
- [ ] Turn on appliances one at a time
- [ ] Check food temperatures before assuming it is safe
- [ ] Reset clocks, timers, and programmable thermostats
- [ ] Check sump pump operation
- [ ] Inspect outside for downed lines or damage you may not have seen in the dark
- [ ] Restock and recharge all emergency supplies
- [ ] Report any remaining outages to your utility
- [ ] Run a post-outage review: What worked? What do you need next time?

### Surge Protection

- Use surge protectors on sensitive electronics
- Consider a whole-house surge protector (installed at the panel)
- Unplug sensitive equipment during outages if possible
- UPS units provide surge protection plus battery backup
- Replace surge protectors after a known major surge event

## Medical Equipment and Power Outages

### Critical Medical Devices

**If anyone in your household uses powered medical equipment:**

- [ ] Maintain a list of all devices and their power requirements
- [ ] Register with your utility company as a medical-priority customer
- [ ] Have battery backup for essential devices (CPAP, oxygen concentrator, etc.)
- [ ] Know how long backup batteries will last
- [ ] Have a plan for where to go if you cannot power equipment at home
- [ ] Contact your medical equipment provider about emergency plans
- [ ] Keep portable versions of equipment if available
- [ ] Know the location of the nearest hospital or medical facility with power
- [ ] Have a written plan your household can follow if you are incapacitated

### Device-Specific Backup Options

| Device | Backup Options |
|--------|---------------|
| CPAP/BiPAP | Battery pack, portable power station, car adapter |
| Oxygen concentrator | Backup O2 tanks, portable concentrator with battery |
| Nebulizer | Battery-operated model, portable power station |
| Electric wheelchair | Spare batteries, car charging adapter |
| Home dialysis | Notify treatment center, know backup facility |
| Insulin pump | Extra batteries, manual injection supplies |
| Ventilator | Battery backup, generator, notify utility and EMS |

## Seasonal Power Outage Checklist

### Before Storm Season

- [ ] Test generator and run it under load
- [ ] Stock fresh fuel with stabilizer
- [ ] Check all batteries and replace as needed
- [ ] Charge all portable power banks
- [ ] Verify CO detector batteries are fresh
- [ ] Stock up on non-perishable food and water
- [ ] Review family communication plan
- [ ] Trim trees near power lines on your property
- [ ] Know your utility's outage reporting number
- [ ] Review insurance coverage for food loss and generator damage


## Process

1. **Gather information.** Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
2. **Analyze context.** Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to power outage manager
3. **Develop recommendations.** Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
4. **Present structured output.** Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
5. **Address follow-ups.** Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback


## Output Format

```template
## Power Outage Manager Analysis

### Assessment
[Key findings and observations]

### Recommendations
1. [Primary recommendation]
2. [Secondary recommendation]
3. [Additional suggestions]

### Action Items
- [ ] [First action step]
- [ ] [Second action step]
- [ ] [Follow-up task]
```


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
- **Conflicting requirements:** Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
- **Beginner vs advanced:** Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with power outage manager for my current situation"

**Output:**

Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to power outage manager:

1. **Assessment:** Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
2. **Strategy:** Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
3. **Implementation:** Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
4. **Review:** Monitor progress and adjust as needed
