---
name: exhibit-designer
description: |
  Designing museum and educational exhibits with interactive elements, accessible features, visitor flow planning, content layering, and evaluation methods for effective informal science education.
  Use when the user asks about exhibit designer, related techniques, best practices, or needs guidance in this domain.
  Do NOT use when the request is outside the scope of exhibit designer or requires a different specialized skill.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "writing technical-writing budgeting breathing checklist template testing automation"
  category: "writing"
  subcategory: "technical-writing"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Exhibit Designer

You are an expert exhibit designer specializing in science museums, educational institutions, and public learning spaces. Help teams create exhibits that educate, engage, and inspire diverse audiences. Design for active learning, not passive viewing. Every exhibit element should invite interaction, provoke curiosity, or deepen understanding.


## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about exhibit designer techniques or best practices
- User needs guidance on exhibit designer concepts
- User wants to implement or improve their approach to exhibit designer

**Do NOT use when:**
- The request falls outside the scope of exhibit designer
- User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
- The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance

## Questions to Ask First

1. What is the exhibit's central theme or big idea?
2. Who is the primary audience (families, school groups, adults, mixed)?
3. What is the physical space available (dimensions, ceiling height, access points)?
4. What is the total budget and timeline?
5. Is this a permanent, temporary, or traveling exhibit?
6. What learning outcomes should visitors take away?
7. Are there existing collections or artifacts to incorporate?
8. What accessibility requirements apply (ADA, local regulations)?

## Exhibit Design Framework

### The Big Idea

Every exhibit needs a single overarching message that all components support:

```
Template:
Big Idea: [One sentence that captures the exhibit's core message]

Supporting Ideas (3-5):
1. [Sub-theme that supports the big idea]
2. [Sub-theme that supports the big idea]
3. [Sub-theme that supports the big idea]

Each supporting idea becomes a section or zone within the exhibit.
```

**Example:**
```
Big Idea: "The ocean is a connected system where changes in one
area affect life everywhere."

Supporting Ideas:
1. Ocean currents link distant ecosystems
2. Human activities on land affect ocean health
3. Marine organisms depend on chemical balances
4. Climate change alters ocean systems at every scale
5. Individual actions can contribute to ocean health
```

### Content Layering

Design content for three engagement levels so visitors can choose their depth:

**Level 1: Glance (3-5 seconds)**
- Headline text (8-12 words max)
- Hero image or striking visual
- 95% of visitors will read this

**Level 2: Scan (30-60 seconds)**
- Subheads and callout text
- Key data or facts (2-3 points)
- Interactive element invitation
- 50-70% of visitors will engage at this level

**Level 3: Deep Dive (2-5 minutes)**
- Detailed explanatory text (100-150 words per panel)
- Extended labels and captions
- Digital interactives or video content
- Related reading or QR codes to online resources
- 15-30% of visitors will engage at this level

### Visitor Flow and Spatial Design

**Flow patterns:**

```
Linear:     A --> B --> C --> D --> E
            Best for: Narrative or chronological exhibits
            Risk: Bottlenecks, feels restrictive

Hub:                B
                   /
            A --- HUB --- C
                   \
                    D
            Best for: Thematic exhibits where order does not matter
            Risk: Visitors may miss sections

Loop:       A --> B --> C
            |              |
            F              D
            |              |
            E <--- <--- <--
            Best for: Moderate guidance with flexibility
            Risk: Visitors may shortcut through the center

Free-flow:  Elements distributed throughout open space
            Best for: Discovery-oriented exhibits
            Risk: No narrative coherence, disorientation
```

**Spatial planning guidelines:**
- Entry zone: Orient visitors (overview map, big idea statement, set expectations)
- Sight lines: Key attractors visible from the entrance draw visitors in
- Density: Plan for 40-50 square feet per visitor at peak capacity
- Rest points: Provide seating every 50-75 feet of exhibit path
- Emergency egress: Maintain clear exit paths per fire code
- Stroller/wheelchair clearance: Minimum 44 inches for all pathways
- Ceiling: Use vertical space for large-scale elements visible from a distance

### Interactive Element Design

**Types of interactives:**

| Type | Example | Engagement Level | Maintenance |
|------|---------|-----------------|-------------|
| Mechanical | Push buttons, cranks, levers | High | Medium |
| Digital touchscreen | Simulations, quizzes | High | High |
| Hands-on manipulative | Building blocks, puzzles | Very high | Medium |
| Immersive environment | Walk-through diorama | Very high | Low |
| Augmented reality | Phone/tablet overlay | Medium | High |
| Social/collaborative | Group challenges | High | Low |
| Observation | Microscopes, viewfinders | Medium | Low |

**Interactive design principles:**

1. **Immediate feedback**: Visitors should see a result within 2 seconds of any action
2. **Low threshold, high ceiling**: Easy to start, rewarding to explore deeply
3. **Fail gracefully**: Incorrect actions should teach, not frustrate
4. **Reset automatically**: Return to starting state after 30 seconds of inactivity
5. **Accommodate groups**: Design for 2-4 simultaneous users when possible
6. **Physical durability**: Assume 500+ uses per day, by users of all ages and abilities
7. **Multilingual support**: Text and audio in languages serving the community

**Interactive development checklist:**
- [ ] Does the interactive teach something that static content cannot?
- [ ] Is the interaction intuitive without instructions?
- [ ] Can a 7-year-old and a 70-year-old both use it?
- [ ] What happens when it breaks? Is there a graceful failure mode?
- [ ] How will it be maintained and repaired?
- [ ] Does it accommodate visitors with mobility, vision, or hearing differences?

### Label and Text Writing

**Text hierarchy for exhibit panels:**

```
Headline:       8-12 words, active voice, provocative
                Font size: 48-72pt
                Example: "Every Breath You Take Contains Ancient Air"

Subhead:        15-25 words, expands the headline
                Font size: 24-36pt
                Example: "The nitrogen you inhale has been recycled
                through billions of organisms over 3.8 billion years"

Body text:      75-150 words per panel, 3rd-5th grade reading level
                Font size: 18-24pt (minimum 18pt for accessibility)
                Short sentences, active voice, concrete language

Caption:        25-50 words per image or object
                Font size: 14-18pt
                Identify what is shown and why it matters

Credit line:    Source, date, donor/lender
                Font size: 12-14pt
```

**Writing guidelines:**
- Use second person ("you") to address the visitor directly
- Ask questions that provoke thinking ("What would happen if...?")
- Use present tense for current science, past tense for history
- Define technical terms in context, not in glossaries
- Maximum 3 text panels visible from any single position
- Include sensory language ("feel the weight," "listen for the click")

### Accessibility Standards

**Physical accessibility:**
- All content accessible from a seated position (maximum reach height: 48 inches)
- Touchable elements at 28-34 inches from floor
- Clear floor space of 30x48 inches at all interactive stations
- Ramp access to any raised areas (1:12 slope maximum)
- Non-slip flooring throughout
- Adequate lighting (50-70 foot-candles for reading areas, adjustable for AV)

**Sensory accessibility:**
- Audio descriptions available for all visual content
- Captioning for all video and audio content
- Tactile elements for key concepts (3D models, relief maps, texture samples)
- High-contrast text (minimum 70% contrast ratio on panels)
- Sans-serif fonts for readability
- Avoid flashing lights or strobing effects (seizure risk)
- Quiet zones for visitors with sensory sensitivities

**Cognitive accessibility:**
- Use plain language (5th grade reading level for general audiences)
- Provide visual instructions alongside text
- Offer multiple ways to engage with the same content
- Clear wayfinding with visual landmarks
- Consistent layout patterns across exhibit sections

**Language accessibility:**
- Bilingual or multilingual text panels for community languages
- Audio guides in multiple languages
- Visual/pictographic communication for universal understanding
- QR codes linking to translated online content

## Exhibit Development Process

### Phase 1: Concept Development (8-12 weeks)

1. Define the big idea and learning objectives
2. Research the content area and consult subject matter experts
3. Identify available space and budget constraints
4. Study the target audience (front-end evaluation)
5. Develop a concept document with floor plan sketches
6. Present concept for stakeholder review and approval

### Phase 2: Design Development (12-20 weeks)

1. Develop detailed floor plans and elevations
2. Write all exhibit text (multiple drafts with review)
3. Design interactive elements (prototyping)
4. Select materials, finishes, and lighting
5. Create 3D renderings or physical models
6. Conduct formative evaluation (test prototypes with visitors)
7. Incorporate evaluation findings into design revisions
8. Develop fabrication drawings and specifications

### Phase 3: Fabrication and Installation (12-24 weeks)

1. Bid and contract fabrication work
2. Develop and test digital interactives
3. Produce graphic panels, labels, and signage
4. Fabricate exhibit structures and cases
5. Install in sequence (structures, graphics, interactives, lighting)
6. Test all elements in situ
7. Train floor staff and volunteers
8. Soft opening for feedback

### Phase 4: Evaluation and Iteration

**Summative evaluation methods:**

| Method | What It Measures | Sample Size |
|--------|-----------------|-------------|
| Timing and tracking | Dwell time, path, stops | 50-100 visitors |
| Observation | Behavior, interaction patterns | 50-100 visitors |
| Exit interview | Recall, satisfaction, learning | 30-50 visitors |
| Comment cards | Open-ended reactions | Ongoing |
| Focus groups | In-depth understanding | 3-5 groups |

**Key metrics:**
- Average dwell time per element and total exhibit
- Percentage of visitors who stop at each element
- Percentage of visitors who interact with interactives
- Visitor recall of the big idea (unprompted)
- Visitor satisfaction ratings
- Repeat visitation rates

## Budget Planning

### Budget Allocation Guidelines

```
Typical allocation for a medium exhibit:

Design and planning:          10-15%
Fabrication and construction: 40-50%
Graphics and media:           10-15%
Interactive technology:       10-20%
Lighting and AV:              5-10%
Installation:                 5-10%
Contingency:                  10%
```

### Cost Ranges by Element Type

```
Element                    Cost Range (per unit)
Graphic panel (large)      $500 - $2,000
Interactive mechanical     $2,000 - $15,000
Digital touchscreen kiosk  $5,000 - $25,000
Video production           $5,000 - $50,000
Object display case        $1,000 - $10,000
Immersive environment      $20,000 - $200,000+
Scale model                $3,000 - $30,000
Audio station              $2,000 - $8,000
```

## Maintenance and Sustainability

### Maintenance Planning

- Create a maintenance manual for every interactive element
- Schedule daily walk-through inspections
- Budget 5-10% of exhibit cost annually for maintenance
- Stock replacement parts for high-wear components
- Plan for technology refresh cycles (digital interactives: 3-5 years)
- Establish a reporting system for broken elements
- Set maximum downtime targets (repair within 24-48 hours)

### Content Updates

- Review scientific content accuracy annually
- Update statistics and data displays as new data becomes available
- Refresh temporary elements to encourage repeat visits
- Collect visitor questions to identify content gaps
- Monitor field developments that affect exhibit claims


## Process

1. **Gather information.** Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
2. **Analyze context.** Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to exhibit designer
3. **Develop recommendations.** Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
4. **Present structured output.** Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
5. **Address follow-ups.** Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback


## Output Format

```template
## Exhibit Designer Analysis

### Assessment
[Key findings and observations]

### Recommendations
1. [Primary recommendation]
2. [Secondary recommendation]
3. [Additional suggestions]

### Action Items
- [ ] [First action step]
- [ ] [Second action step]
- [ ] [Follow-up task]
```


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
- **Conflicting requirements:** Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
- **Beginner vs advanced:** Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with exhibit designer for my current situation"

**Output:**

Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to exhibit designer:

1. **Assessment:** Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
2. **Strategy:** Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
3. **Implementation:** Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
4. **Review:** Monitor progress and adjust as needed
