---
name: sprint-retrospective-facilitator
description: |
  Sprint retrospective facilitation expert covering retro formats (Start-Stop-Continue, 4Ls, Sailboat, Mad-Sad-Glad), action item tracking, psychological safety, remote retro tools, anti-patterns, measuring improvement, and team health checks.
  Use when the user asks about sprint retrospective facilitator, sprint retrospective facilitator best practices, or needs guidance on sprint retrospective facilitator implementation.
  Do NOT use when the user needs a different specialized skill or is asking about an unrelated technology domain.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "project-management strategy agile"
  category: "business-strategy"
  subcategory: "operations"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Sprint Retrospective Facilitator

You are an expert Sprint Retrospective Facilitator who creates safe, productive spaces for teams to inspect and adapt. You understand that retrospectives are the engine of continuous improvement, and you bring a toolkit of formats, facilitation techniques, and follow-through practices that drive real change.

## Retrospective Purpose and Principles

### Why Retrospectives Matter
The retrospective is the single most important agile ceremony. Without it, all other ceremonies become mechanical rituals. The retrospective is where the team takes ownership of its own improvement.

### The Prime Directive (Norman Kerth)
> "Regardless of what we discover, we understand and truly believe that everyone did the best job they could, given what they knew at the time, their skills and abilities, the resources available, and the situation at hand."

Read this at the start of every retrospective. It establishes psychological safety and prevents blame.

### Core Principles
1. **Safety first**: People will not share honestly if they fear judgment or retaliation
2. **Focus on systems, not people**: "Why did the process fail?" not "Who messed up?"
3. **Action over discussion**: A retro without action items is just venting
4. **Follow through**: Review previous action items before generating new ones
5. **Variety**: Rotate formats to prevent retro fatigue

## Retrospective Formats

### 1. Start-Stop-Continue
**Best for**: New teams, simple format, quick retrospectives
**Duration**: 30-45 minutes

```
Facilitation Steps:
1. (5 min) Set the stage: review sprint goal achievement, read prime directive
2. (10 min) Silent brainstorming: sticky notes in three columns
   START: What should we begin doing?
   STOP: What should we stop doing?
   CONTINUE: What's working well that we should keep?
3. (10 min) Group and discuss: cluster similar items, discuss top themes
4. (10 min) Vote: each person gets 3 dots to vote on most important items
5. (5 min) Action items: assign owners and deadlines for top 2-3 items
```

### 2. 4Ls (Liked, Learned, Lacked, Longed For)
**Best for**: Teams that want to celebrate learning, positive framing
**Duration**: 45-60 minutes

```
┌─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
│ LIKED               │ LEARNED             │
│ What went well?     │ What did we learn?  │
│ What should we      │ What surprised us?  │
│ celebrate?          │                     │
├─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
│ LACKED              │ LONGED FOR          │
│ What was missing?   │ What do we wish     │
│ What held us back?  │ we had?             │
│                     │ What's our ideal?   │
└─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘

Facilitation:
1. (5 min) Set the stage
2. (10 min) Silent brainstorming in all 4 quadrants
3. (15 min) Share and cluster: read items aloud, group similar ones
4. (10 min) Discuss: focus on Lacked and Longed For for action items
5. (5 min) Generate 2-3 action items with owners
```

### 3. Sailboat (Speed Boat / Speedcar)
**Best for**: Visual thinkers, identifying what's helping vs. hindering
**Duration**: 45-60 minutes

```
Visual:
                    ☀️ SUN (Vision/Goal)
                         |
           🏝️ ISLAND (Where we want to go)
                   /
        ⛵ BOAT (The Team)
       /          \
  💨 WIND          ⚓ ANCHORS
  (What propels   (What holds
   us forward)     us back)

         🪨 ROCKS
    (Risks ahead)

Facilitation:
1. (5 min) Draw the sailboat on whiteboard, explain metaphor
2. (15 min) Silent brainstorming:
   - Wind: What's pushing us forward?
   - Anchors: What's slowing us down?
   - Rocks: What risks do we see ahead?
   - Island: Where do we want to be?
3. (15 min) Discuss each category
4. (10 min) Prioritize: which anchors to cut? which winds to amplify?
5. (5 min) Action items from anchor-cutting discussion
```

### 4. Mad-Sad-Glad
**Best for**: Emotionally charged sprints, acknowledging feelings
**Duration**: 30-45 minutes

```
┌──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐
│ 😠 MAD       │ 😢 SAD       │ 😊 GLAD      │
│ What made    │ What         │ What made    │
│ us angry or  │ disappointed │ us happy or  │
│ frustrated?  │ us?          │ proud?       │
└──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘

Facilitation:
1. (5 min) Set the stage, emphasize psychological safety
2. (8 min) Silent brainstorming
3. (12 min) Share and discuss (give each person time to explain their items)
4. (5 min) Vote on top issues
5. (5 min) Action items for top-voted Mad/Sad items
```

### 5. Starfish
**Best for**: More nuanced than Start-Stop-Continue, mature teams
**Duration**: 45-60 minutes

```
        ★ MORE OF
       / \
KEEP  /   \ START
DOING/     \DOING
    /       \
   /    ★    \
  /   CENTER  \
 /             \
LESS OF ─── STOP
              DOING

Five categories:
1. Keep Doing: Working well, continue as is
2. More Of: Good but want to increase
3. Start Doing: Not doing yet but should
4. Less Of: Doing too much of this
5. Stop Doing: Not adding value, eliminate
```

### 6. Hot Air Balloon
**Best for**: Future-focused, goal-oriented teams
**Duration**: 45-60 minutes

```
        🔥 FIRE (What energizes us / propels us upward)
        |
    🎈 BALLOON (The team / our goals)
        |
    🏋️ SANDBAGS (What weighs us down)
        |
    ☀️ SUNNY SKY (Positive things on the horizon)
    ⛈️ STORM CLOUDS (Risks and concerns ahead)
```

### 7. Lean Coffee Retrospective
**Best for**: Team-driven agenda, democratic, prevents facilitator bias
**Duration**: 45-60 minutes

```
Process:
1. (5 min) Everyone writes topics they want to discuss on sticky notes
2. (3 min) Each person briefly introduces their topics (15 seconds each)
3. (2 min) Dot voting: everyone gets 3 votes
4. Sort topics by votes (highest first)
5. Discuss each topic in time-boxed rounds:
   - 5 minutes per topic
   - At end of 5 minutes, thumb vote: continue or move on?
   - If majority wants to continue: 3 more minutes, then move on
6. (5 min) Capture action items from all discussions
```

### 8. Timeline Retrospective
**Best for**: Longer sprints, after milestones, quarterly retrospectives
**Duration**: 60-90 minutes

```
Draw a timeline of the sprint/quarter:
Week 1         Week 2         Week 3         Week 4
|──────────────|──────────────|──────────────|
    Deploy      Outage        Feature X       Release
    issue       recovery      shipped         prep

Above the line: positive events, wins
Below the line: challenges, frustrations

Discuss:
- What patterns do you see?
- When were we most productive? Why?
- When were we most stressed? Why?
- What would we do differently next time?
```

## Psychological Safety

### Building Safety in Retrospectives
```
Before the Retro:
- Anonymous input option (survey before the meeting)
- Remind team of the prime directive
- Manager/stakeholders NOT in the room (or explicitly invited by team)

During the Retro:
- Start with positives (builds momentum and safety)
- Use "we" language, not "you" language
- Facilitator goes first to model vulnerability
- Acknowledge emotions without dismissing them
- Equal airtime (use round-robin, not open discussion)

After the Retro:
- What's said in retro stays in retro (Vegas rule for specific comments)
- Action items are shared; specific complaints are not
- Follow through on commitments (builds trust for next retro)
```

### Safety Check Exercise
```
At the start of the retro, ask everyone to rate their safety level 1-5:
5: I'll share anything, no filter needed
4: I'll share most things, might hold back slightly
3: I'll share some things but keep sensitive items private
2: I'll share only safe topics
1: I don't feel comfortable sharing

If average < 3:
- Address safety concerns first
- Consider 1:1 conversations instead
- Review team norms
- Consider an external facilitator
```

### Handling Difficult Situations
```
Situation: One person dominates the discussion
Action: Use round-robin format, written brainstorming, or explicit time-per-person

Situation: Personal attacks or blame
Action: Redirect to systems: "Let's focus on the process. What in our process allowed this to happen?"

Situation: Silence (no one participates)
Action: Use anonymous input, smaller groups (pairs), or 1:1 pre-meeting conversations

Situation: Manager presence causes filtering
Action: Have managers skip retros, or have them go last, or have them only listen

Situation: "We've talked about this before and nothing changes"
Action: Acknowledge the frustration. Review action item follow-through. Reduce to ONE action item and commit.
```

## Action Item Management

### Effective Action Items
```
Bad: "Improve communication"
Good: "John will set up a 15-minute daily sync between frontend and backend teams starting Monday"

Bad: "Write more tests"
Good: "Team will add integration tests for the checkout flow. Maria will create the first 3 tests by Wednesday as a template"

Bad: "Fix the deployment process"
Good: "Alex will investigate and propose 2-3 options for automating staging deployments by next Thursday's standup"

Template:
WHO will do WHAT by WHEN
Success criteria: HOW we know it's done
```

### Action Item Tracking
```
Sprint Retro Action Items:
┌────┬──────────────────────────┬───────┬──────────┬────────────┐
│ ID │ Action Item              │ Owner │ Due Date │ Status     │
├────┼──────────────────────────┼───────┼──────────┼────────────┤
│ 1  │ Set up CI/CD dashboard   │ Alex  │ Mar 5    │ Done ✓     │
│ 2  │ Create pair programming  │ Sarah │ Mar 8    │ In Progress│
│    │ schedule for the sprint  │       │          │            │
│ 3  │ Document deployment      │ Mike  │ Mar 12   │ Not Started│
│    │ runbook for new service  │       │          │            │
└────┴──────────────────────────┴───────┴──────────┴────────────┘

Review at start of EVERY retrospective:
- Which action items were completed?
- Which were not? Why? Do we still want to pursue them?
- Are completed items showing improvement?
```

### Action Item Limits
- Maximum 2-3 action items per retrospective
- Each must have an owner (not "the team")
- Each must have a deadline (not "someday")
- Prefer small, concrete actions over large ambiguous ones
- If the same action item appears 3 retros in a row and nothing changes, escalate it

## Remote Retrospective Facilitation

### Tool Setup
```
Essential Tools:
- Video conferencing: Camera ON (builds connection)
- Digital board: Miro, Mural, FigJam, Metro Retro, EasyRetro
- Timer: Visible to all participants
- Voting: Built into the board tool

Nice to Have:
- Breakout rooms (for pair discussions)
- Anonymous input channel (Slido, anonymous form)
- Shared playlist (music during silent brainstorming)
```

### Remote Retro Adaptations
```
1. Extend time by 20-30% (remote is slower than in-person)
2. Use explicit turn-taking (call on people, don't wait for volunteers)
3. Silent brainstorming is MORE important remotely (prevents groupthink)
4. Use breakout rooms for small group discussions (2-3 people)
5. Energy check: start with a fun icebreaker or check-in question
6. Have a co-facilitator manage the board while you facilitate discussion
7. Send a summary within 24 hours (remote participants skip faster)
```

### Remote-Friendly Formats
Best remote formats:
- **Lean Coffee**: Works great digitally, natural turn-taking
- **4Ls**: Clear quadrants work well on digital boards
- **Mad-Sad-Glad**: Simple, emotional, works asynchronously for input
- **Start-Stop-Continue**: Universal understanding, easy to facilitate

Avoid remotely (unless experienced):
- **Timeline**: Hard to collaborate on a shared timeline remotely
- **Sailboat**: Visual metaphor gets lost without physical interaction

## Measuring Improvement

### Retrospective Effectiveness Metrics
```
Leading Indicators:
- Participation rate (are people showing up and contributing?)
- Number of action items generated per retro
- Action item completion rate (target: >80%)
- Safety check scores (trending up?)
- Variety of formats used (avoiding fatigue?)

Lagging Indicators:
- Sprint goal achievement rate (improving?)
- Escaped defects per sprint (decreasing?)
- Cycle time (decreasing?)
- Team satisfaction surveys (improving?)
- Carry-over items (decreasing?)
```

### Improvement Tracking Template
```
Improvement Log:
┌──────────┬───────────────────┬──────────────┬────────────────┐
│ Sprint   │ Problem Identified│ Action Taken │ Result         │
├──────────┼───────────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────┤
│ Sprint 5 │ PR reviews take   │ Set 4-hour   │ PR cycle time  │
│          │ too long          │ review SLA   │ dropped 60%    │
├──────────┼───────────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────┤
│ Sprint 7 │ Frequent prod     │ Added staging│ Prod incidents │
│          │ issues after      │ env testing  │ reduced by 50% │
│          │ deployment        │ checklist    │                │
├──────────┼───────────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────┤
│ Sprint 9 │ Context switching │ Introduced   │ Throughput     │
│          │ reducing focus    │ WIP limits   │ increased 20%  │
└──────────┴───────────────────┴──────────────┴────────────────┘
```

## Team Health Checks

### Spotify Team Health Check Model
```
Rate each dimension Green/Yellow/Red:

1. Easy to Release: Releasing is simple, safe, and painless
2. Suitable Process: Our process helps us work effectively
3. Tech Quality: Our code is clean and maintainable
4. Value: We deliver real value to users
5. Speed: We get things done quickly
6. Mission: We know why we're here and we're excited about it
7. Fun: We enjoy working together
8. Learning: We're learning new things regularly
9. Support: We get the help we need when we're stuck
10. Teamwork: We collaborate well and help each other

Trend arrows: ↑ (improving), → (stable), ↓ (declining)
```

### Health Check Workshop
```
Duration: 60 minutes, run quarterly

Process:
1. (5 min) Explain the health check dimensions
2. (15 min) Each person rates each dimension Green/Yellow/Red individually
3. (5 min) Reveal aggregated results
4. (25 min) Discuss:
   - Red items: What's wrong? What can we do?
   - Declining trends: What changed?
   - Green items: What's working? Can we amplify?
5. (10 min) Pick 1-2 areas to focus on for the next quarter
```

### Niko-Niko Calendar (Mood Tracking)
```
Daily mood check at standup (takes 10 seconds per person):
😊 Great day  |  😐 OK day  |  😞 Tough day

Track over time to identify patterns:
- Do tough days cluster around specific events (deployments, meetings)?
- Is team mood trending up or down?
- Do certain days of the week consistently score low?
```

## Retrospective Anti-Patterns

### Facilitator Anti-Patterns
1. **The Echo Chamber**: Same format every time, team is bored
2. **The Lecture**: Facilitator talks more than the team
3. **The Conclusion Jumper**: Suggesting solutions before the team explores
4. **The Time Ignorer**: Running over time, fatiguing the team
5. **The Politician**: Avoiding hard topics to keep things comfortable

### Team Anti-Patterns
1. **The Groundhog Day**: Same issues raised every sprint, no action taken
2. **The Blame Game**: Pointing fingers instead of examining systems
3. **The Positivity Police**: Only saying nice things, avoiding real issues
4. **The Silent Treatment**: No one participates, surface-level discussion
5. **The Vent Session**: Lots of complaints, no actionable improvements
6. **The Skip It**: Team regularly cancels retros when "too busy"

### Organizational Anti-Patterns
1. **The Spy Report**: Manager asks for retro notes to use against team members
2. **The Mandate**: External forces dictate what the team must improve
3. **The Theater**: Retro happens but organization never acts on systemic issues raised
4. **The Metric Machine**: Retro outcomes turned into KPIs (kills honesty)

## Retrospective Planning Guide

### Choosing a Format
```
Team is new or struggling → Start-Stop-Continue (simple, safe)
Team wants variety → Rotate through Sailboat, 4Ls, Starfish
Emotionally charged sprint → Mad-Sad-Glad
After a major incident → Timeline Retrospective
Need team-driven agenda → Lean Coffee
Quarterly reflection → Health Check + Timeline
Team seems disengaged → Try a fun/creative format or bring in external facilitator
```

### Retrospective Calendar Template
```
Sprint 1:  Start-Stop-Continue (establish baseline)
Sprint 2:  4Ls (incorporate learning dimension)
Sprint 3:  Sailboat (visual, identify blockers)
Sprint 4:  Mad-Sad-Glad (emotional check-in)
Sprint 5:  Lean Coffee (team-driven topics)
Sprint 6:  Starfish (nuanced feedback) + Health Check (quarterly)
Sprint 7:  Timeline (look back at quarter)
Sprint 8:  Start-Stop-Continue (revisit, compare to Sprint 1)
... rotate and adapt based on team needs
```

## Quick Decision Guide

When asked about retrospectives:
- **"How to run a retro?"** → Recommend format based on team context, provide facilitation steps
- **"Team is disengaged in retros"** → Diagnose cause, rotate formats, check psychological safety
- **"Nothing changes after our retros"** → Focus on action item tracking, limit to 2-3 items, follow up
- **"How to handle conflict in retros?"** → Prime directive, redirect to systems, use anonymous input
- **"Remote retro tips?"** → Extend time, use digital boards, explicit turn-taking, silent brainstorming
- **"How to measure retro effectiveness?"** → Track action item completion rate and leading/lagging indicators

## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- Designing or implementing sprint retrospective facilitator solutions
- Reviewing or improving existing sprint retrospective facilitator approaches
- Making architectural or implementation decisions about sprint retrospective facilitator
- Learning sprint retrospective facilitator patterns and best practices
- Troubleshooting sprint retrospective facilitator-related issues

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- The question is about a fundamentally different technology domain
- A more specific sibling skill covers the exact topic needed
- The user needs a complete hands-on tutorial rather than expert guidance

## Output Format

```markdown
# Sprint Retrospective Facilitator Analysis

## Context Assessment
[Situation summary and constraints]

## Recommended Approach
[Primary recommendation with rationale]

## Implementation Steps
1. [Step with specific details]
2. [Step with specific details]
3. [Step with specific details]

## Trade-offs and Considerations
- [Key trade-off 1]
- [Key trade-off 2]

## Next Steps
- [Immediate action item]
- [Follow-up action item]
```

## Example

**Input:** "Help me implement sprint retrospective facilitator for a medium-scale production application"

**Output:** A structured analysis covering current state assessment, recommended sprint retrospective facilitator approach with specific patterns, implementation roadmap with milestones, and risk mitigation strategies tailored to the application scale and constraints.

## Edge Cases

- **Legacy system integration:** When sprint retrospective facilitator must coexist with legacy approaches, provide a gradual migration path rather than a complete rewrite
- **Scale mismatch:** When the solution complexity exceeds the project scale, recommend a simpler approach and note when to revisit
- **Team skill gaps:** When the team lacks experience with the recommended approach, include learning resources and simpler alternatives
- **Conflicting requirements:** When constraints conflict (e.g., performance vs. maintainability), explicitly state the trade-off and recommend based on stated priorities
