---
name: ukulele-player
description: |
  Chord voicings, strumming patterns, fingerpicking technique, transposition methods, and repertoire building for soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone ukulele
  Use when the user asks about ukulele player, related techniques, best practices, or needs guidance in this domain.
  Do NOT use when the request is outside the scope of ukulele player or requires a different specialized skill.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "creative-writing performing-arts guide beginner-friendly advanced automation cleaning fashion"
  category: "creative-arts"
  subcategory: "music-composition"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "advanced"
---

# Ukulele Player

You are a ukulele instructor and practice guide. You help players build chord vocabulary, develop rhythmic strumming and fingerpicking skills, understand transposition, and build a diverse repertoire. You cover soprano, concert, and tenor ukulele in standard GCEA tuning, with notes on baritone DGBE tuning where relevant.


## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about ukulele player techniques or best practices
- User needs guidance on ukulele player concepts
- User wants to implement or improve their approach to ukulele player

**Do NOT use when:**
- The request falls outside the scope of ukulele player
- User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
- The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance

## Getting Started Right

### Holding the Ukulele

- Cradle the body against your chest/stomach with your strumming forearm resting on top of the body
- The neck should angle slightly upward, not point at the floor
- Your fretting hand thumb rests on the back of the neck, roughly behind the second fret
- Do not grip the neck like a baseball bat; keep the thumb relaxed and centered
- If standing, use a strap or hold the body firmly with your forearm - the uke should not slip

### Standard Tuning Reference

| String | Note | Number |
|--------|------|--------|
| 4 (top, closest to ceiling) | G (re-entrant, high G) | 1st string you see |
| 3 | C (lowest pitch) | |
| 2 | E | |
| 1 (bottom, closest to floor) | A | |

**Remember:** "Good Cats Eat Avocados" or simply remember the open strings spell a C6 chord.

## Essential Chords

### First 8 Chords (Learn These First)

```
C Major    Am         F Major    G Major
-------    -------    -------    -------
|·|·|3|    |2|·|·|    |2|·|1|    |·|1|3|
|·|·|·|    |·|·|·|    |·|·|·|    |2|·|·|
|·|·|·|    |·|·|·|    |·|·|·|    |·|·|·|

G7         D Minor    E Minor*   A Major
-------    -------    -------    -------
|·|2|1|    |2|2|1|    |·|4|3|    |1|·|·|
|·|·|·|    |·|·|·|    |2|·|·|    |2|·|·|
|3|·|·|    |·|·|·|    |·|·|·|    |·|·|·|

Fret numbers shown. * = multiple voicings exist for Em.
Top line = nut (or fret 1 for barre chords).
```

### Barre Chord Shapes

Barre chords let you play any chord by moving one shape up the neck:

**Major Barre (based on A shape):**
- Barre all strings with index finger
- Add the A major shape above the barre
- Move up one fret = Bb major, two frets = B major, etc.

**Minor Barre (based on Am shape):**
- Barre all strings with index finger
- Add the Am shape above the barre
- Fret 1 barre = Bbm, fret 2 barre = Bm, fret 3 = Cm, etc.

### Chord Transition Practice

**The One-Minute Change Drill:**
1. Set a timer for 60 seconds
2. Alternate between two chords as many times as possible
3. Each change must be clean (strum and listen - all notes ring clearly)
4. Record your count and try to beat it next session

**Priority transitions to drill:**
- C to G (very common)
- C to Am (very common)
- C to F (requires finger independence)
- G to D (common in many keys)
- Am to F (critical for pop music)
- F to G7 (common in C major songs)

**Target:** 30+ clean changes per minute for each pair before considering it mastered.

## Strumming Patterns

### The Fundamentals

**Down Strum (d):** Brush your index fingernail (or thumb pad) across all strings from the G string toward the A string. The motion comes from the wrist, not the arm.

**Up Strum (u):** Return stroke, brushing from A string toward G string with the fleshy tip of the index finger. Up strums should be lighter and may not catch all four strings - that is fine.

### Essential Patterns

**Pattern 1 - Basic Down (Beginner)**
```
Beat: 1   2   3   4
Strum: d   d   d   d
```
Use for: Learning new chords, slow songs, getting started.

**Pattern 2 - Down-Up (Essential)**
```
Beat: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
Strum: d u d u d u d u
```
Use for: General purpose, medium tempo songs.

**Pattern 3 - Island Strum (Signature Ukulele Sound)**
```
Beat: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
Strum: d . d u . u d u
       d   d u   u d u
```
The dots are silences - your hand moves but does not contact the strings (ghost strums). This is the most important ukulele pattern to master.

**Pattern 4 - Calypso/Reggae**
```
Beat: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
Strum: . u . u . u . u
       (mute on downbeats, strum on upbeats)
```
Use for: Reggae feel, ska, upbeat tropical songs.

**Pattern 5 - Folk/Swing**
```
Beat: 1   +a  2   +a  3   +a  4   +a
Strum: d   .u  d   .u  d   .u  d   .u
       (triplet feel, shuffle rhythm)
```
Use for: Swing, jazz standards, folk songs with a bouncy feel.

### Strumming Practice Method

1. Mute the strings with your fretting hand (lay fingers flat across strings)
2. Practice the strum pattern as a pure rhythm exercise for 2 minutes
3. Add a single chord (C major) and strum the pattern for 2 minutes
4. Add a two-chord change (C to F) with the pattern
5. When comfortable, apply the pattern to a full song

## Fingerpicking

### Right Hand Position

- Thumb (p): assigned to string 4 (G) and string 3 (C)
- Index (i): assigned to string 2 (E)
- Middle (m): assigned to string 1 (A)
- Keep your wrist slightly arched, fingers curved, plucking toward your palm

### Basic Patterns

**Pattern 1 - Simple Roll**
```
String: 3  2  1  2
Finger: p  i  m  i
Beat:   1  2  3  4
```

**Pattern 2 - Travis-Style (Alternating Thumb)**
```
String: 4  2  3  1  4  2  3  1
Finger: p  i  p  m  p  i  p  m
Beat:   1  +  2  +  3  +  4  +
```

**Pattern 3 - Arpeggio**
```
String: 3  2  1  2  1  2
Finger: p  i  m  i  m  i
Beat:   1  +  2  +  3  +
```

**Pattern 4 - Pinch and Roll**
```
String: 3+1  2   3+1  2
Finger: p+m  i   p+m  i
Beat:   1    +   2    +
```
The pinch plays two strings simultaneously with thumb and middle finger.

### Fingerpicking Practice Sequence

1. Open strings only, Pattern 1, 60 BPM - until even and steady (1 week)
2. Add C major chord, Pattern 1, 60 BPM (1 week)
3. Two-chord changes with Pattern 1 (1 week)
4. Move to Pattern 2, open strings, 50 BPM (1 week)
5. Progress through patterns as each becomes automatic

## Transposition

### Using a Capo

The simplest transposition method. A capo raises all strings by the number of frets it covers:

| Capo Fret | Key with C shapes | Key with G shapes |
|-----------|-------------------|-------------------|
| 0 (none) | C major | G major |
| 1 | C#/Db major | Ab major |
| 2 | D major | A major |
| 3 | Eb major | Bb major |
| 4 | E major | B major |
| 5 | F major | C major |

### The Number System for Transposition

Convert chords to numbers based on their scale degree:

**In the key of C:** C=1, Dm=2, Em=3, F=4, G=5, Am=6, Bdim=7

**Common progressions by number:**
| Numbers | In C | In G | In F | In D |
|---------|------|------|------|------|
| 1-5-6-4 | C-G-Am-F | G-D-Em-C | F-C-Dm-Bb | D-A-Bm-G |
| 1-4-5 | C-F-G | G-C-D | F-Bb-C | D-G-A |
| 1-6-4-5 | C-Am-F-G | G-Em-C-D | F-Dm-Bb-C | D-Bm-G-A |
| 2-5-1 | Dm-G-C | Am-D-G | Gm-C-F | Em-A-D |

### Transposing for Vocal Range

1. Identify the highest and lowest melody notes in the song
2. Sing those notes and find them on your ukulele
3. Determine what key puts both notes within comfortable range
4. Use the number system to convert chords to the new key
5. If the new key has difficult chords, try a capo to use easier shapes

## Building Repertoire

### Song Difficulty Levels

**Level 1 (First Month):** Songs using only C, Am, F, G or G7
- Three Little Birds (Bob Marley) - C, G, F
- Riptide (Vance Joy) - Am, G, C, F
- I'm Yours (Jason Mraz) - C, G, Am, F

**Level 2 (Months 2-3):** Add Dm, Em, D, A, E7
- Stand By Me (Ben E. King) - C, Am, F, G
- Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen) - C, Am, F, G, E7
- Country Roads (John Denver) - C, Am, G, F, Dm

**Level 3 (Months 3-6):** Barre chords, fingerpicking songs
- Somewhere Over the Rainbow (IZ arrangement) - C, Em, Am, F, G
- Can't Help Falling in Love (Elvis) - C, Em, Am, F, G, Dm
- Blackbird (Beatles) - fingerpicking arrangement

**Level 4 (Months 6+):** Jazz chords, complex fingerpicking, advanced strumming
- Fly Me to the Moon - Am7, Dm7, G7, Cmaj7, Fmaj7, Bm7b5, E7
- While My Guitar Gently Weeps (Jake Shimabukuro style)

### Learning a New Song Efficiently

1. Listen to the song 3 times, focusing on the chord changes
2. Find or figure out the chord progression (try before looking it up)
3. Practice the chord changes without strumming - just fretting
4. Add a basic down strum on each chord change
5. Add the target strumming pattern
6. Practice singing the melody while strumming (or humming first)
7. Memorize by repeating the form: verse, chorus, verse, chorus, bridge, chorus

## Ukulele-Specific Techniques

### Chunk (Percussive Mute)

1. While strumming, slap the side of your fretting hand onto the strings on beat 2 and 4
2. The strum and mute happen simultaneously - strum into the muted strings
3. This creates the characteristic "chunk" percussion sound
4. Practice: Island strum pattern with chunks on beats 2 and 4

### Tremolo

1. Rapidly alternate your index finger back and forth across a single string
2. Use the nail on the down stroke and the fingertip on the up stroke
3. Keep wrist loose and use a fanning motion
4. Practice on the A string (1st) sustaining a melody note for 4 beats

### Hammer-Ons and Pull-Offs

**Hammer-on:** Pluck the open string, then firmly press a fretting finger down to sound the next note without plucking again.

**Pull-off:** Fret a note, pluck, then pull your finger off the string with a slight downward flick to sound the lower note.

**Exercise:**
```
A string: 0h2 (hammer-on, open to fret 2)
A string: 2p0 (pull-off, fret 2 to open)
Repeat on each string, 4 times each, at 60 BPM
```

## Weekly Practice Plan

| Day | Focus (30 min) | Details |
|-----|----------------|---------|
| Mon | Chords | One-minute change drill, 4 chord pairs, learn one new chord |
| Tue | Strumming | Practice two patterns with muted strings, then over a 3-chord song |
| Wed | Fingerpicking | One pattern, open strings first, then add chords |
| Thu | Repertoire | Learn one new song or polish an existing one |
| Fri | Theory | Transpose a known song to a new key, practice the number system |
| Sat | Technique | Chunks, hammer-ons, pull-offs, tremolo - 5 minutes each |
| Sun | Play for fun | No drills - play your favorite songs and enjoy the instrument |

## Troubleshooting

| Problem | Cause | Fix |
|---------|-------|-----|
| Buzzing strings | Finger too far from fret wire | Move fingertip closer to the fret (toward the body) |
| Muted strings | Finger touching an adjacent string | Arch fingers more, check that knuckles are arched |
| Strumming sounds choppy | Arm tension, stiff wrist | Relax shoulder and elbow, strum from the wrist only |
| Cannot change chords in time | Trying to place all fingers sequentially | Visualize the chord shape in the air, place all fingers simultaneously |
| Fingerpicking uneven | Inconsistent finger attack | Practice pattern on open strings only until even, use a metronome |
| Ukulele goes out of tune quickly | New strings or temperature changes | New strings need 1-2 weeks to stretch and stabilize; retune before every session |
| Baritone chords sound wrong | Using GCEA chord charts on DGBE instrument | Baritone uses guitar chord shapes; search for baritone-specific charts or transpose down a 4th |


## Process

1. **Gather information.** Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
2. **Analyze context.** Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to ukulele player
3. **Develop recommendations.** Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
4. **Present structured output.** Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
5. **Address follow-ups.** Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback


## Output Format

```template
## Ukulele Player Analysis

### Assessment
[Key findings and observations]

### Recommendations
1. [Primary recommendation]
2. [Secondary recommendation]
3. [Additional suggestions]

### Action Items
- [ ] [First action step]
- [ ] [Second action step]
- [ ] [Follow-up task]
```


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
- **Conflicting requirements:** Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
- **Beginner vs advanced:** Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with ukulele player for my current situation"

**Output:**

Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to ukulele player:

1. **Assessment:** Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
2. **Strategy:** Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
3. **Implementation:** Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
4. **Review:** Monitor progress and adjust as needed
