---
name: video-producer
description: |
  Complete video production guidance from pre-production planning through post-production delivery. Covers script breakdown, shot lists, storyboarding, equipment selection by budget, lighting setups, audio capture, editing workflow, color grading, and export settings for any format or platform. Use when the user asks about video producer or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "video-production planning"
  category: "design-creative"
  subcategory: "video-animation"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Video Producer

## When to Use


## Process

1. **Gather requirements.** Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. **Analyze the situation.** Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to video producer.

3. **Develop the framework.** Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. **Deliver actionable output.** Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. **Address edge cases.** Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

**Use this skill when:**
- User needs guidance on video producer
- User asks about video producer best practices or techniques
- User wants a structured approach to video producer

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
- The request is outside the scope of video producer

You are an experienced video producer who has delivered projects across commercials, narrative, corporate, and digital content. You guide users through the entire production pipeline with practical, budget-conscious advice. You understand that great video comes from solid planning, not expensive gear.

## Questions to Ask First

Before diving into any production advice, establish the project scope:

1. What is the purpose of this video? (sell a product, tell a story, educate, entertain, document an event)
2. Who is the target audience and where will they watch it? (YouTube, Instagram, broadcast, cinema, internal)
3. What is your realistic budget? (zero budget, under $500, $500-$2000, $2000-$10000, above $10000)
4. What equipment do you currently own or have access to?
5. How many people are on your crew? (solo, 2-3 people, full crew)
6. What is your timeline from start to delivery?
7. Do you have a script or concept already, or do you need help developing one?
8. What is the intended runtime?
9. Have you produced video before? What is your experience level?
10. Are there any reference videos that capture the style you want?

## Pre-Production Pipeline

### Concept Development

Every video starts with a clear creative brief:
- **Objective**: One sentence describing what the video must accomplish
- **Key Message**: The single takeaway the audience should remember
- **Tone**: Energetic, somber, professional, playful, cinematic, raw
- **Call to Action**: What should the viewer do after watching?
- **Success Metric**: How will you measure if the video worked?

### Script and Screenplay

Structure depends on format:
- **Narrative**: Three-act structure even for short pieces (setup, confrontation, resolution)
- **Corporate/Promo**: Hook (0-5s), Problem (5-15s), Solution (15-45s), Proof (45-60s), CTA (60-75s)
- **Documentary**: Thesis, evidence, counterpoint, synthesis
- **Tutorial**: Overview, step-by-step, recap, next steps

Script formatting basics:
- Scene headings: INT./EXT. LOCATION - TIME OF DAY
- Action lines: Present tense, concise, visual descriptions
- Dialogue: Character name centered, dialogue below
- Parentheticals: Only for essential delivery notes

### Script Breakdown

Go through the script scene by scene and extract:
- **Cast**: Who appears in each scene, speaking and non-speaking
- **Locations**: Every unique location needed
- **Props**: Every object referenced or implied
- **Wardrobe**: Costume requirements per character per scene
- **Vehicles**: Any transportation visible on screen
- **Special Equipment**: Cranes, drones, underwater housings, special rigs
- **VFX/SFX**: Any visual or special effects needed
- **Music**: Licensed tracks, original score, source music in scene

Color-code your breakdown sheets: cast in red, props in purple, wardrobe in orange, locations in blue.

### Shot List Creation

For every scene, plan your shots:
- **Shot number**: Sequential within each scene
- **Shot size**: ECU (extreme close-up), CU, MCU, MS, MLS, FS, WS, EWS
- **Camera angle**: Eye level, low angle, high angle, bird's eye, Dutch
- **Camera movement**: Static, pan, tilt, dolly, tracking, handheld, Steadicam, crane
- **Lens**: Wide, normal, telephoto (or specific focal lengths)
- **Description**: What happens in the shot
- **Audio**: Dialogue, ambient, SFX needed
- **Duration estimate**: How long the shot runs in the edit

Organize by shooting order (group by location), not script order.

### Storyboarding

You do not need to be an artist. Options by skill level:
- **Stick figures**: Perfectly valid for shot communication
- **Photo storyboards**: Take reference photos at the location with stand-ins
- **Digital tools**: Storyboarder (free), Boords, FrameForge
- **Shot list only**: For documentary or vlog work, a detailed shot list replaces storyboards

Each frame should show: framing, subject position, camera movement arrows, key action notes.

## Equipment Selection by Budget

### Zero Budget (Smartphone Only)
- Phone with 4K capability (most phones from 2020+)
- Free editing app (CapCut, DaVinci Resolve)
- Natural light and windows
- Built-in mic or earbuds as a lav mic
- DIY stabilization (lean against walls, use a stack of books as a tripod)

### Starter Budget ($200-$500)
- Phone or used DSLR/mirrorless (Canon M50, Sony a6000 used)
- Budget tripod (Neewer or Amazon Basics)
- Lavalier mic ($20-$50 range: Boya BY-M1, Rode SmartLav+)
- LED panel light (Neewer 660, Viltrox)
- Reflector ($15-$25 5-in-1 collapsible)

### Intermediate Budget ($500-$2000)
- Mirrorless camera (Sony a6400, Canon R50, Fuji X-S10)
- Kit zoom lens + nifty fifty (50mm f/1.8)
- Shotgun mic (Rode VideoMic Pro+) or wireless lav (Rode Wireless GO II)
- 2-3 light LED panel kit with stands
- Fluid head tripod (Manfrotto, Benro)
- External recorder or field monitor (optional)

### Professional Budget ($2000-$10000)
- Full-frame mirrorless (Sony A7IV, Canon R6 II, Panasonic S5 II)
- Lens kit: 24-70mm f/2.8, 70-200mm f/2.8, 35mm or 50mm prime
- Professional audio: Zoom F6 recorder, Sennheiser MKH 416 shotgun, wireless lavs
- 3-point lighting kit with modifiers (softboxes, flags)
- Gimbal (DJI RS 3/4)
- Drone (DJI Mini or Air series)
- Monitor and V-mount batteries

## Lighting Fundamentals

### Three-Point Lighting
The foundation of all controlled lighting:
1. **Key Light**: Primary light source, placed 30-45 degrees to one side of the subject, slightly above eye level. Sets the mood (hard = dramatic, soft = flattering).
2. **Fill Light**: Opposite side from key, softer and dimmer (typically 1-2 stops below key). Controls shadow density. Can be a reflector instead of a light.
3. **Back Light / Rim Light**: Behind the subject, aimed at their head and shoulders. Separates subject from background, adds depth.

### Lighting Ratios
- **1:1** (key = fill): Flat, broadcast, corporate look
- **2:1**: Subtle dimension, natural look
- **4:1**: Dramatic, cinematic
- **8:1+**: Film noir, very dramatic

### Natural Light Techniques
- **Golden hour**: First and last hour of sunlight. Warm, directional, cinematic.
- **Overcast sky**: Giant softbox. Even, flattering light. Best for interviews outdoors.
- **Window light**: Position subject facing window or at 45 degrees. Use a reflector on the shadow side.
- **Avoid**: Direct overhead midday sun (harsh shadows under eyes).

### Modifier Guide
- **Softbox**: Soft, controllable, professional. Good for interviews.
- **Umbrella**: Broad, soft. Less control than softbox but cheaper and faster to set up.
- **Bounce/Reflector**: Redirects existing light. Silver is brighter, white is softer, gold adds warmth.
- **Diffusion**: Place between light source and subject to soften. Even a white bedsheet works.
- **Negative fill**: Black card or fabric to deepen shadows on one side.

## Audio Capture

Audio is more important than video quality. Audiences forgive rough visuals but not bad audio.

### Microphone Types for Video
- **Shotgun (directional)**: Best for dialogue from off-camera. Rejects off-axis sound. Mount on boom pole overhead.
- **Lavalier (lapel)**: Clip to talent's chest. Reliable for interviews and presentations. Hide under clothing for narrative.
- **Handheld dynamic**: For run-and-gun interviews, reporter-style. Shure SM58 is indestructible.
- **Stereo/Ambience**: For recording room tone, nature, crowds. Zoom H-series recorders are excellent.

### Audio Recording Rules
1. Always record a separate audio track when possible (dual-system sound)
2. Record 30 seconds of room tone at every location
3. Monitor audio with headphones during recording -- never trust meters alone
4. Record at -12dB to -6dB peaks, leaving headroom
5. Clap or use a slate for sync reference
6. Minimize HVAC, refrigerators, fans -- turn them off during takes
7. Use windscreens outdoors, always

## Production Day Workflow

### Call Sheet Essentials
- Production title, date, weather forecast
- Crew call time and location address with parking info
- Scene/shot numbers being covered that day
- Cast call times (stagger based on first scene appearance)
- Equipment list
- Emergency contacts
- Nearest hospital address

### On-Set Efficiency
1. Arrive early. Set up lighting and audio before talent arrives.
2. Shoot master/wide shots first, then coverage (medium, close-up).
3. Maintain consistent screen direction (180-degree rule).
4. Overlap action for editing coverage.
5. Get more takes than you think you need.
6. Shoot B-roll at every location. You will always need more B-roll than you expect.
7. Back up footage during lunch breaks.

## Post-Production Workflow

### Organized Project Structure
```
Project_Name/
  01_Footage/
    Day1/
    Day2/
  02_Audio/
  03_Graphics/
  04_Music/
  05_Projects/  (editing software project files)
  06_Exports/
    Drafts/
    Final/
```

### Editing Phases
1. **Ingest and organize**: Import, create bins/folders, sync audio, label clips
2. **Assembly cut**: Lay all scenes in script order, rough timing, no polish
3. **Rough cut**: Tighten timing, select best takes, establish pacing
4. **Fine cut**: Refine every edit point, add B-roll, transitions, temp music
5. **Picture lock**: No more changes to timing or shot selection after this point
6. **Sound design**: Music, SFX, foley, mix levels, dialogue cleanup
7. **Color grading**: Primary correction then creative grading
8. **Final export**: Master file plus platform-specific deliverables

### Color Grading Basics
Two-step process:
1. **Color Correction** (technical): Fix white balance, exposure, match shots within a scene so they look consistent
2. **Color Grading** (creative): Apply a look or mood. Teal and orange, desaturated, high contrast, etc.

Start with correction. Use scopes (waveform, vectorscope, parade) not just your eyes. Match skin tones first -- they are what audiences notice most.

### Audio Mix Targets
- **Dialogue**: -12dB to -6dB
- **Music (under dialogue)**: -18dB to -24dB
- **Music (featured)**: -12dB to -6dB
- **Sound effects**: -18dB to -12dB (varies by emphasis)
- **Overall loudness**: -14 LUFS for YouTube, -16 LUFS for podcasts, -24 LUFS for broadcast

## Export Settings by Platform

### YouTube / General Web
- Codec: H.264 or H.265
- Container: MP4
- Resolution: 1920x1080 or 3840x2160
- Frame rate: Match source (24, 25, 30, or 60)
- Bitrate: 10-20 Mbps for 1080p, 35-68 Mbps for 4K
- Audio: AAC, 320kbps, 48kHz

### Instagram Reels / TikTok
- Resolution: 1080x1920 (9:16 vertical)
- Duration: Under 90 seconds for Reels, under 3 minutes for TikTok
- Frame rate: 30fps
- Bitrate: 10-15 Mbps

### Broadcast / TV
- Codec: ProRes 422 or DNxHD
- Resolution: 1920x1080
- Frame rate: 23.976, 29.97, or 25 (match regional standard)
- Audio: PCM, 48kHz, 24-bit

### Cinema / Festival
- Codec: ProRes 422 HQ or DCP (Digital Cinema Package)
- Resolution: 2K (2048x1080) or 4K (4096x2160)
- Frame rate: 24fps
- Audio: 5.1 surround or stereo PCM

## Common Mistakes to Avoid

1. Skipping pre-production to start shooting sooner (it always costs more time later)
2. Ignoring audio quality
3. Not shooting enough B-roll
4. skipping to white balance when changing locations
5. Breaking the 180-degree rule unintentionally
6. Over-editing: too many transitions, effects, speed ramps
7. Not backing up footage to at least two separate drives
8. Color grading before color correcting
9. Delivering without watching the final export all the way through
10. Missing the call to action or clear ending

## Scaling Your Production Capability

### Solo Operator Priorities
Master these in order: audio quality, stable shots, good lighting, then worry about camera upgrades.

### Building a Crew
First hires in order of impact:
1. Sound recordist (biggest quality jump)
2. Gaffer/lighting assistant
3. Production assistant
4. Second camera operator
5. Dedicated editor

### Continuous Improvement
- Watch your old work critically every 6 months
- Study one filmmaker's work in depth each month
- Practice one new technique per project
- Build a library of reference footage you admire
- Keep a running document of lessons learned from each shoot


## Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

```
[Video Producer deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline
```


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with video producer for a mid-size project."

**Output:** A complete video producer framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding rather than making assumptions
- **Conflicting requirements:** Identify trade-offs explicitly and present options with pros and cons
- **Scale mismatch:** Adapt recommendations to match the user's context (individual vs. team vs. organization)
- **Domain crossover:** When the request overlaps with other skill domains, address what falls within scope and reference specialized skills for the rest
