---
name: wine-connoisseur
description: |
  Guide to wine appreciation including tasting methodology, regions and varietals, cellar management, vintage selection, wine investment, food pairing, wine club hosting, and wine travel. Use when the user asks about wine connoisseur or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "guide step-by-step"
  category: "hobbies-crafts"
  subcategory: "collecting"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "beginner"
---

# Wine Connoisseur

## When to Use


## Process

1. **Gather requirements.** Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. **Analyze the situation.** Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to wine connoisseur.

3. **Develop the framework.** Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. **Deliver actionable output.** Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. **Address edge cases.** Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

**Use this skill when:**
- User needs guidance on wine connoisseur
- User asks about wine connoisseur best practices or techniques
- User wants a structured approach to wine connoisseur

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
- The request is outside the scope of wine connoisseur

## Questions to Ask First

Before guiding wine exploration:

1. What is your current wine experience? (Beginner / Enjoy wine casually / Developing palate / Experienced)
2. What wines do you currently enjoy? (Red, white, sweet, dry, sparkling, no preference)
3. What is your typical budget per bottle? ($10-15 / $15-30 / $30-60 / $60+)
4. What is your goal? (Personal enjoyment, hosting dinners, professional knowledge, investment)
5. Do you have storage space for wine? (Kitchen counter / Wine fridge / Cellar or cellar alternative)
6. Are you interested in wine regions or travel?
7. Do you cook, and are you interested in food pairing?
8. Would you like to join or host a wine tasting group?
9. Are there wines or regions you already know you like?
10. Do you have dietary restrictions that affect wine choices (sulfite sensitivity, alcohol-free interest)?

## Tasting Methodology

### The Five S's: See, Swirl, Smell, Sip, Savor

### 1. SEE (Visual Examination)
- Tilt glass at 45 degrees against white background
- **Color intensity**: Pale, medium, deep
- **Color hue**: Wines change color with age
  - White: Pale yellow-green (young) > Gold > Amber (old)
  - Red: Purple (young) > Ruby > Garnet > Tawny (old)
- **Clarity**: Clear, hazy (unfiltered wines may be hazy by design)
- **Viscosity**: "Legs" or "tears" indicate alcohol level and body (more legs = higher alcohol or sugar)

### 2. SWIRL
- Swirl gently (keep base on table for control)
- Releases volatile aromatic compounds
- Aerates the wine, opening up aromas
- 3-5 seconds of swirling is sufficient

### 3. SMELL (The Nose)
- First sniff: Quick, gentle - initial impression
- Second sniff: Deeper, more deliberate - identify specific aromas
- Categories of aromas:
  - **Primary** (from grape): Fruit, floral, herbal
  - **Secondary** (from winemaking): Butter, cream, bread, yeast
  - **Tertiary** (from aging): Leather, tobacco, earth, vanilla, spice
- Common descriptors:
  - White wines: Citrus, apple, pear, peach, tropical fruit, mineral, floral
  - Red wines: Cherry, plum, blackberry, raspberry, pepper, smoke, earth

### 4. SIP (The Palate)
Take a small sip and let it coat your entire mouth. Assess:
- **Sweetness**: Dry (no residual sugar) to sweet (dessert wine)
- **Acidity**: Makes mouth water, creates freshness (too much = tart, too little = flabby)
- **Tannin** (red wines): Drying sensation on gums and tongue (firm, grippy, silky, or astringent)
- **Body**: Weight and texture (light like skim milk, medium like whole milk, full like cream)
- **Alcohol**: Warmth sensation, especially at back of throat
- **Flavor intensity**: Do flavors fill the mouth or are they subtle?
- **Flavor profile**: Does it match what you smelled? What additional notes appear?

### 5. SAVOR (The Finish)
- How long do flavors linger after swallowing?
- Short finish (under 5 seconds): Simpler wine
- Medium finish (5-10 seconds): Well-made wine
- Long finish (10+ seconds): High-quality wine
- What flavors remain? Do they evolve?
- Overall impression: Balance, complexity, harmony

### Tasting Note Template
```
Wine: [Producer, Name, Vintage]
Region: [Appellation]
Price: [$]
Appearance: [Color, intensity, clarity]
Nose: [Aromas identified]
Palate: [Sweetness, acidity, tannin, body, flavors]
Finish: [Length and character]
Overall: [Quality assessment, food pairing ideas]
Rating: [Your personal scale]
```

## Major Wine Regions and Varietals

### France
- **Bordeaux**: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot blends. Left Bank (Cab-dominant), Right Bank (Merlot-dominant). Aging potential, structured wines.
- **Burgundy**: Pinot Noir (red), Chardonnay (white). Terroir-focused, village and vineyard classifications. Can be expensive.
- **Champagne**: Sparkling wine, only true Champagne comes from here. Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier.
- **Rhone**: Northern (Syrah - Hermitage, Cote-Rotie), Southern (GSM blends - Chateauneuf-du-Pape).
- **Loire**: Sauvignon Blanc (Sancerre), Chenin Blanc (Vouvray), Cabernet Franc (Chinon).
- **Alsace**: Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris. Aromatic whites, often food-friendly dry styles.

### Italy
- **Tuscany**: Sangiovese (Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino), Super Tuscans (international blends).
- **Piedmont**: Nebbiolo (Barolo, Barbaresco). Complex, tannic, age-worthy. Also Barbera, Dolcetto.
- **Veneto**: Prosecco (sparkling), Amarone (dried grape technique, rich and powerful), Pinot Grigio.

### Spain
- **Rioja**: Tempranillo blends, aged in oak (Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva classifications).
- **Ribera del Duero**: Tempranillo (called Tinto Fino), powerful reds.
- **Priorat**: Garnacha and Carinena, concentrated, mineral-driven.

### United States
- **Napa Valley**: Cabernet Sauvignon, world-class. Bold, ripe, often expensive.
- **Sonoma**: Diverse: Pinot Noir (Russian River Valley), Zinfandel (Dry Creek), Chardonnay.
- **Oregon (Willamette Valley)**: Pinot Noir, elegant Burgundy-style, growing reputation.
- **Washington State**: Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot. Excellent value.

### Other Key Regions
- **Argentina**: Malbec (Mendoza), high altitude vineyards.
- **Chile**: Carmenere (unique to Chile), Cabernet Sauvignon, excellent value.
- **Australia**: Shiraz (Barossa Valley), Chardonnay, bold styles.
- **New Zealand**: Sauvignon Blanc (Marlborough, world-class), Pinot Noir (Central Otago).
- **South Africa**: Chenin Blanc (Stellenbosch), Pinotage (unique cross), emerging quality.
- **Germany**: Riesling (Mosel, Rheingau), from bone-dry to lusciously sweet.
- **Portugal**: Port (Douro Valley fortified wine), Vinho Verde (light, crisp white).

## Cellar Management

### Storage Conditions
- **Temperature**: 55F (13C) ideal, consistent is more important than exact
- **Humidity**: 60-70% prevents corks from drying (too high = mold on labels)
- **Light**: Dark; UV damages wine (why bottles are often dark glass)
- **Vibration**: Minimal; avoid near washing machines or heavy foot traffic
- **Position**: Bottles on their side (keeps cork moist and sealed)
- **Odors**: Wine storage area should be free of strong smells

### Wine Storage Options
- **Wine fridge** ($150-1,000): 12-50+ bottles, controlled temp and humidity, best for apartments
- **Cool closet**: Interior closet away from heat sources, thermometer to monitor
- **Professional storage**: Off-site facilities, $15-30/month per case, climate-controlled
- **Full cellar**: Dedicated room with cooling unit, ideal for serious collectors

### What to Cellar
Not all wine improves with age. Most wine (90%+) is meant to drink within 1-3 years.

**Worth cellaring** (5-20+ years):
- Top Bordeaux, Burgundy, Barolo, Barbaresco
- High-quality Napa Cabernet Sauvignon
- Vintage Port, Sauternes, quality Riesling
- Wines with high tannin, acidity, and concentration

**Drink young** (1-3 years):
- Most whites under $20
- Beaujolais, Pinot Grigio, Prosecco
- Roses
- Light-bodied reds

### Cellar Tracking
- **CellarTracker** (cellartracker.com): Free, community tasting notes, drink windows
- **Vivino**: Photo recognition, community ratings, cellar tracking
- **Physical log**: Notebook with purchase date, price, drinking window, tasting notes

## Vintage Selection

### Understanding Vintages
- Vintage refers to the year grapes were harvested
- Weather during growing season affects wine quality and character
- Great vintages in one region may be poor in another
- Vintage matters more for age-worthy wines than for everyday drinking

### Vintage Charts
- Wine publications rate vintages by region (Wine Spectator, Decanter, Robert Parker)
- Useful as general guide but individual producers can outperform a poor vintage
- Focus on drinking windows: When is this vintage expected to be at its best?

### Buying Strategies
- **Buy what you enjoy**: Personal taste trumps scores and reviews
- **Buy by the case**: Many retailers offer 10-15% case discounts
- **Wine futures (en primeur)**: Buy Bordeaux before bottling at lower prices (speculative)
- **Auction**: Access to older vintages and rare wines (Heritage Auctions, Acker Merrall, WineBid)
- **Direct from winery**: Wine club allocations for small producers

## Wine Investment Basics

### Investable Wine Categories
- Top Bordeaux (First Growths, Super Seconds)
- Burgundy Grand Cru (Domaine de la Romanee-Conti, Leroy)
- Champagne prestige cuvees (Dom Perignon, Krug)
- Napa cult Cabernets (Screaming Eagle, Harlan)
- Vintage Port from top years

### Investment Considerations
- Wine is an alternative asset: Low correlation with stocks
- Storage costs eat into returns ($15-30/month per case)
- Insurance needed for valuable collections
- Provenance (storage history) dramatically affects resale value
- Platforms: Liv-ex (London International Vintners Exchange), Wine-Searcher for market prices
- Most wine is for drinking, not investing - approach investment wines separately

## Advanced Food Pairing

### Pairing Principles
1. **Match intensity**: Light food with light wine, rich food with full-bodied wine
2. **Complement or contrast**: Similar flavors (mushroom risotto + earthy Pinot Noir) OR contrasting (rich cheese + acidic wine)
3. **Acidity matches acidity**: Tomato-based dishes need high-acid wines
4. **Fat loves tannin**: Tannin cuts through rich, fatty foods (steak + Cabernet)
5. **Sweet with sweet**: Dessert wine should be sweeter than the dessert
6. **Regional pairing**: Traditional food and wine from same region usually pair well

### Classic Pairings
| Food | Wine |
|------|------|
| Oysters | Chablis, Muscadet, Champagne |
| Grilled salmon | Pinot Noir, Chardonnay |
| Roast chicken | White Burgundy, Viognier |
| Steak | Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec |
| Lamb | Bordeaux, Rioja, Syrah |
| Pasta with red sauce | Chianti, Barbera |
| Thai cuisine | Off-dry Riesling, Gewurztraminer |
| Sushi | Champagne, dry Riesling, Gruner Veltliner |
| Dark chocolate | Vintage Port, Banyuls |
| Blue cheese | Sauternes, Vintage Port |

### Difficult-to-Pair Foods
- Asparagus: High-acid Sauvignon Blanc or Gruner Veltliner
- Artichokes: Dry Rose or Vermentino
- Spicy food: Off-dry wines with lower alcohol (Riesling, Gewurztraminer)
- Vinegar/salad dressing: Very acidic wine or skip wine with heavily dressed salads

## Wine Club Hosting

### Tasting Party Format (6-8 people)
1. Choose a theme: Single varietal, region, price range, blind tasting, old vs new world
2. Each person brings a bottle matching the theme
3. Provide tasting glasses (one per person per wine, or rinse between wines)
4. Serve wines in logical order (light to full, white to red, dry to sweet)
5. Provide bread, crackers, and water between wines (palate cleansers)
6. Tasting sheets for notes
7. Brown bag the bottles for blind tasting (adds excitement and honesty)
8. Discuss each wine as a group after everyone has tasted

### Wine Tasting Themes
- Battle of the regions: Same grape from different regions (California vs French Chardonnay)
- Price challenge: Can you tell the $10 bottle from the $50 bottle?
- Varietal deep dive: 6 Pinot Noirs from around the world
- Food pairing: Each wine paired with a specific bite
- Vertical tasting: Same wine from different vintages (shows how wine evolves)

### Serving Tips
- Serve whites chilled (45-50F), light reds slightly cool (55-60F), full reds at cellar temp (60-65F)
- Open reds 30-60 minutes before serving (or decant young reds)
- Pour 2-3 ounces per taste (a standard bottle serves 6-8 tastings)
- Have dump buckets available (no one should feel obligated to finish every taste)

## Wine Travel

### Planning a Wine Region Visit
- Book tastings in advance (many wineries require reservations)
- Limit to 3-4 wineries per day (palate fatigue is real)
- Designate a driver, hire a car service, or join a tour
- Start with lighter wines and work toward fuller-bodied
- Buy wine at the winery only if the price is good or it is unavailable elsewhere
- Many regions have excellent food alongside wine (plan meals at winery restaurants)

### Top Wine Travel Destinations
- **Napa and Sonoma, California**: World-class tasting rooms, beautiful scenery
- **Bordeaux, France**: Historic chateaux, blend of history and wine
- **Tuscany, Italy**: Wine, food, art, and rolling hills
- **Mendoza, Argentina**: Dramatic Andes backdrop, excellent Malbec, great value
- **Douro Valley, Portugal**: Stunning river valley, Port wine, less crowded
- **Willamette Valley, Oregon**: Boutique wineries, Pinot Noir focus, welcoming
- **Barossa Valley, Australia**: Shiraz, warm hospitality, gourmet food scene
- **Marlborough, New Zealand**: Sauvignon Blanc capital, cycling between wineries

## Safety and Responsibility

- Always drink responsibly and in moderation
- Know your limits and never drive after tasting
- Provide non-alcoholic options at any gathering you host
- Respect that some guests may choose not to drink
- Wine appreciation is about quality over quantity
- If you or someone you know struggles with alcohol, seek professional support

## Progression Path

1. **Phase 1**: Learn tasting methodology, try 6 major grape varieties, take notes
2. **Phase 2**: Explore 3 major regions, understand styles, develop vocabulary
3. **Phase 3**: Host first tasting, begin building small collection, explore food pairing
4. **Phase 4**: Deepen regional knowledge, invest in proper storage, vintage awareness
5. **Phase 5**: Wine travel, blind tasting proficiency, mentoring others
6. **Phase 6**: WSET certification study, serious collection, contribute to wine community

## Resources

- **WSET (Wine & Spirit Education Trust)**: Structured certification (Level 1-4)
- **CMS (Court of Master Sommeliers)**: Professional sommelier certification path
- **Books**: "Wine Folly" by Madeline Puckette (visual, accessible)
- **Books**: "The World Atlas of Wine" by Hugh Johnson and Jancis Robinson
- **Apps**: Vivino (community reviews), CellarTracker (cellar management)
- **Websites**: Wine-Searcher (pricing), JancisRobinson.com (expert analysis)
- **Podcasts**: Wine for Normal People, GuildSomm


## Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

```
[Wine Connoisseur deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline
```


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with wine connoisseur for a mid-size project."

**Output:** A complete wine connoisseur framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding rather than making assumptions
- **Conflicting requirements:** Identify trade-offs explicitly and present options with pros and cons
- **Scale mismatch:** Adapt recommendations to match the user's context (individual vs. team vs. organization)
- **Domain crossover:** When the request overlaps with other skill domains, address what falls within scope and reference specialized skills for the rest
