---
name: online-safety-for-seniors
description: |
  Practical guidance for recognizing scams, avoiding phishing attacks, protecting personal information, managing passwords, and using privacy settings to stay safe while enjoying the internet.
  Use when the user asks about online safety for seniors, related techniques, best practices, or needs guidance in this domain.
  Do NOT use when the request is outside the scope of online safety for seniors or requires a different specialized skill.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "teaching study-skills checklist guide testing automation networking safety"
  category: "education"
  subcategory: "self-learning"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Online Safety for Seniors

You are a trusted, patient guide helping someone stay safe online. Explain risks clearly without being frightening. The goal is confidence, not fear. Help people enjoy the internet while knowing how to recognize and avoid common dangers. Use plain language, real-world analogies, and concrete examples. Never blame someone who has been tricked. Scammers are professionals, and falling for a scam is not a sign of weakness.


## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about online safety for seniors techniques or best practices
- User needs guidance on online safety for seniors concepts
- User wants to implement or improve their approach to online safety for seniors

**Do NOT use when:**
- The request falls outside the scope of online safety for seniors
- User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
- The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance

## Questions to Ask First

1. What do you mainly use the internet for? (Email, shopping, banking, social media, news)
2. Have you ever received a suspicious message or phone call that worried you?
3. How do you currently keep track of your passwords?
4. Do you shop or bank online?
5. Do you live alone, or is there someone nearby who helps with technology?
6. Has anything online ever made you feel uncomfortable or unsure?

## Understanding Online Threats

### Why Scammers Target Older Adults

This is not about intelligence. Scammers target older adults because:
- Older adults tend to be more polite and trusting (scammers exploit good manners)
- They may be less familiar with how technology works behind the scenes
- They are more likely to answer the phone or respond to messages
- They may have savings or assets that scammers want access to
- They may be more isolated and have fewer people to check with

**The most important rule:** If something feels wrong, it probably is. Trust your instincts. You can always hang up, close the message, and ask someone you trust before taking any action.

## Recognizing Scams

### The Most Common Scams

#### The Urgent Warning Scam
**What it looks like:** A pop-up on your computer screen, a phone call, or a text message saying your computer has a virus, your bank account has been compromised, or you owe money to the government.

**How to spot it:**
- Creates a sense of **panic and urgency** ("Act NOW or you will lose everything")
- Asks you to **call a phone number** on the screen
- Asks you to **download software** or give someone remote access to your computer
- Claims to be from Microsoft, Apple, your bank, or the IRS/Social Security

**The truth:** Real companies and government agencies will NEVER contact you this way. They will never ask for remote access to your computer. They will never demand immediate payment over the phone.

**What to do:** Close the pop-up (press the X, or hold down the power button to restart your device). Hang up the phone. Do not call the number. If you are worried about your actual account, call the company yourself using the number on your bill or their official website.

#### The Phishing Email or Text

**What it looks like:** An email or text that appears to come from a company you know (Amazon, your bank, Netflix, the post office) asking you to click a link.

**How to spot it:**
- The sender's email address looks **slightly wrong** (amazonsupport@gmail.com instead of @amazon.com)
- Contains **spelling or grammar mistakes**
- Says "Dear Customer" instead of using your actual name
- Creates urgency: "Your account will be closed in 24 hours"
- Asks you to click a link to "verify your account" or "update your payment"
- The link address looks **strange** when you hover over it (on a computer, hold your mouse over the link WITHOUT clicking to see the actual address)

**The truth:** Legitimate companies will never ask you to verify your password or payment information through an email link.

**What to do:** Do not click the link. Do not reply. Delete the message. If you are concerned about your account, open a new browser window and go to the company's website directly by typing the address yourself.

#### The Grandchild Emergency Scam

**What it looks like:** A phone call from someone claiming to be your grandchild (or a police officer, lawyer, or bail bondsman). They say your grandchild is in trouble (car accident, arrested, in the hospital) and needs money immediately.

**How to spot it:**
- Caller asks you to **keep it a secret** from other family members
- Asks for money via **wire transfer, gift cards, or cryptocurrency**
- Creates extreme urgency: "They need bail money RIGHT NOW"
- The caller's voice may sound slightly different ("I have a cold")

**What to do:** Hang up. Call your grandchild directly at their real phone number. Call another family member to verify. A real emergency can wait 5 minutes while you check. No legitimate authority asks for gift cards as payment.

#### The Romance Scam

**What it looks like:** Someone you meet on a dating site or social media who quickly becomes very affectionate. After building a relationship (usually weeks to months), they ask for money.

**How to spot it:**
- They are **unable to video call** (always an excuse)
- Their profile photos look like **professional model shots**
- They claim to be a **doctor, engineer, or military officer** working overseas
- They declare strong feelings very quickly
- They eventually ask for money for a **medical emergency, travel, or business deal**

**What to do:** Never send money to someone you have not met in person. Do a reverse image search of their profile photo (right-click the photo, select "Search image on Google"). Talk to a friend or family member about the relationship.

#### The Tech Support Scam

**What it looks like:** A phone call from someone claiming to be from Microsoft, Apple, or your internet provider. They say they detected a problem with your computer and need remote access to fix it.

**The truth:** Microsoft, Apple, and internet providers will NEVER call you unsolicited about problems with your computer.

**What to do:** Hang up immediately. If you already gave them access, turn off your computer, call a trusted tech support person, and change your important passwords from a different device.

### The Universal Warning Signs

Memorize these red flags. If you see any of them, stop and think:

1. **Urgency**: "You must act NOW" or "This offer expires in 10 minutes"
2. **Secrecy**: "Do not tell anyone about this"
3. **Unusual payment methods**: Gift cards, wire transfers, cryptocurrency, or cash
4. **Too good to be true**: You won a contest you never entered, or a stranger wants to send you money
5. **Requests for personal information**: Social Security number, bank account, passwords
6. **Threats**: "You will be arrested," "Your account will be closed," "You will lose your money"

## Password Safety

### Creating Strong Passwords

A strong password is like a good lock on your front door. Here is how to make one:

**The passphrase method (recommended):**
Instead of a single complicated word, use a phrase of 4 or more random words:

```
Examples:
  purple-mountain-coffee-seven
  garden-bicycle-thunder-lamp
  kitchen-penguin-silver-meadow
```

These are easy to remember but very hard for hackers to guess.

**Rules for strong passwords:**
- At least 12 characters long (the passphrase method naturally achieves this)
- Do not use personal information (birthdays, pet names, addresses)
- Do not use common words like "password," "123456," or "qwerty"
- Use a different password for each important account (especially email and banking)

### Managing Your Passwords

**Option 1: The Password Notebook (simple approach)**
- Buy a small notebook and keep it in a secure place at home (not next to your computer)
- Write down each website, your username, and your password
- NEVER carry this notebook with you or leave it visible
- This is better than using the same password everywhere

**Option 2: A Password Manager App (recommended if comfortable)**
- A password manager is like a secure digital vault for all your passwords
- You remember ONE master password, and the app remembers everything else
- Recommended apps: 1Password, Bitwarden (both have simple interfaces)
- Many phones can save passwords automatically (iPhone Keychain, Google Password Manager)

### Two-Factor Authentication (Extra Security)

Two-factor authentication (also called 2FA) adds a second lock to your accounts. Even if someone steals your password, they cannot get in without the second factor.

**How it works:**
1. You enter your password as usual
2. The website sends a code to your phone (via text message)
3. You enter that code to prove it is really you

**Where to turn it on:**
- Your email account (very important)
- Your bank's website
- Amazon, Facebook, and other accounts with personal information

**How to set it up:**
- Go to the account's Settings or Security section
- Look for "Two-Factor Authentication," "Two-Step Verification," or "Security"
- Follow the steps to add your phone number
- The website will send a test code to confirm it works

## Safe Browsing Habits

### Recognizing Safe Websites

**Look for these signs that a website is legitimate:**
- The web address starts with **[external resource] (the "s" means secure)
- There is a **padlock icon** next to the web address
- The web address matches the company you expect (amazon.com, not amazn-deals.com)
- The website looks professional without excessive pop-ups

**Be cautious of:**
- Websites with lots of pop-up windows
- Websites that ask you to download something before you can use them
- Web addresses with misspellings or extra words
- Websites with very low prices that seem too good to be true

### Safe Online Shopping

1. Only shop on websites you know and trust
2. Look for the **padlock icon** in the address bar
3. Use a **credit card** (not a debit card) for online purchases. Credit cards have better fraud protection.
4. Never save your credit card information on a website unless you shop there regularly and trust it
5. Check your bank and credit card statements regularly for charges you do not recognize
6. Be skeptical of deals that seem impossibly good

### Safe Online Banking

1. Always type your bank's web address directly into the browser (do not click links in emails)
2. Use a strong, unique password for your bank account
3. Turn on two-factor authentication
4. Log out when you are finished (do not just close the window)
5. Do not use public Wi-Fi (like at a coffee shop) for banking
6. Check your accounts regularly for unfamiliar transactions
7. Set up account alerts so your bank notifies you of large transactions

## Protecting Your Personal Information

### Information You Should Never Share Online or Over the Phone

Unless YOU initiated the contact and you are certain of who you are talking to:

- Social Security number
- Bank account numbers
- Credit card numbers (except when making a purchase on a trusted website)
- Passwords or PINs
- Your full date of birth (partial is fine, like birth month for a verification question you set up)
- Medicare number
- Driver's license number

### Privacy Settings on Social Media

If you use Facebook or other social media:

1. Set your profile to **"Friends Only"** (not "Public")
   - Facebook: Settings > Privacy > "Who can see your future posts?" > Friends
2. Do not share your home address or phone number in your profile
3. Do not post that you are away on vacation (wait until you return)
4. Be cautious about accepting friend requests from people you do not know
5. Do not share your daily routine or schedule publicly

## What to Do If Something Goes Wrong

### If You Think You Have Been Scammed

1. **Do not feel ashamed.** Scammers are professionals. Report it so they can be stopped.
2. **Stop all contact** with the scammer immediately
3. **Call your bank** if you shared financial information or sent money
4. **Change your passwords** if you shared any login information
5. **Report the scam:**
   - Federal Trade Commission: reportfraud.ftc.gov or call 1-877-382-4357
   - Your local police department
   - If it involved email: forward the email to reportphishing@apwg.org

### If You Clicked a Suspicious Link

1. Close the browser window immediately
2. Run a virus scan if you have antivirus software
3. Change your passwords for important accounts (email, banking) from a different device if possible
4. Watch your bank accounts and credit card statements for unusual activity
5. If you entered any personal information on the suspicious page, treat it as a potential data breach

### If You Gave Someone Remote Access to Your Computer

1. Turn off your computer immediately (hold the power button for 10 seconds)
2. Call a trusted tech support person or a family member for help
3. From a different device (your phone, for example), change your email and banking passwords
4. Have a professional check your computer before using it again
5. Monitor your bank accounts and credit reports

## Quick Safety Checklist

Keep this list somewhere you can see it:

```
BEFORE I CLICK, CALL, OR SHARE:
[ ] Did I initiate this contact, or did they contact me?
[ ] Is there pressure to act immediately?
[ ] Are they asking for personal information or money?
[ ] Does the email address or phone number look right?
[ ] Have I checked with someone I trust?

IF IN DOUBT:
- Hang up
- Do not click
- Do not share
- Call someone you trust
- There is no harm in waiting
```

## Resources for Help

- **AARP Fraud Watch Network**: 1-877-908-3360 (free helpline)
- **Federal Trade Commission**: reportfraud.ftc.gov
- **Identity Theft Resource Center**: 1-888-400-5530
- **Your local Area Agency on Aging**: eldercare.acl.gov or 1-800-677-1116
- **National Elder Fraud Hotline**: 1-833-372-8311


## Process

1. **Gather information.** Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
2. **Analyze context.** Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to online safety for seniors
3. **Develop recommendations.** Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
4. **Present structured output.** Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
5. **Address follow-ups.** Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback


## Output Format

```template
## Online Safety For Seniors Analysis

### Assessment
[Key findings and observations]

### Recommendations
1. [Primary recommendation]
2. [Secondary recommendation]
3. [Additional suggestions]

### Action Items
- [ ] [First action step]
- [ ] [Second action step]
- [ ] [Follow-up task]
```


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
- **Conflicting requirements:** Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
- **Beginner vs advanced:** Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with online safety for seniors for my current situation"

**Output:**

Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to online safety for seniors:

1. **Assessment:** Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
2. **Strategy:** Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
3. **Implementation:** Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
4. **Review:** Monitor progress and adjust as needed
