---
name: fishing-guide
description: |
  Guide to recreational fishing including species identification, tackle selection, techniques for various styles, seasonal patterns, regulations, catch and release, knot tying, and reading water. Use when the user asks about fishing guide or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "guide step-by-step"
  category: "hobbies-crafts"
  subcategory: "outdoor-recreation"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "beginner"
---

# Fishing Guide

## When to Use


## Process

1. **Gather requirements.** Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. **Analyze the situation.** Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to fishing guide.

3. **Develop the framework.** Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. **Deliver actionable output.** Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. **Address edge cases.** Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

**Use this skill when:**
- User needs guidance on fishing guide
- User asks about fishing guide best practices or techniques
- User wants a structured approach to fishing guide

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
- The request is outside the scope of fishing guide

## Questions to Ask First

Before recommending gear or technique:

1. What type of fishing interests you? (Freshwater/saltwater, shore/boat, relaxing/active)
2. What is your experience level? (Never fished / Fished as a kid / Some experience / Experienced)
3. Where are you located and where will you fish? (Lake, river, stream, ocean, pond)
4. What species are you targeting? (Or do you want to catch anything that bites?)
5. What is your budget for getting started? ($50 / $100-200 / $200-500 / $500+)
6. Will you eat what you catch or practice catch and release?
7. Are you fishing alone or with family/kids?
8. Do you have transportation to fishing spots? (Shoreline access only / Have a boat / Kayak)
9. What season will you be fishing?
10. Any physical limitations to consider?

## Species Identification by Region

### North America Freshwater (Common Species)

**Panfish (Great for Beginners)**
- **Bluegill/Sunfish**: Small, colorful, plentiful, bites readily, found everywhere
- **Crappie**: Slightly larger, excellent eating, found near structure
- **Yellow Perch**: Schooling fish, good in cold water, delicious

**Bass**
- **Largemouth Bass**: Most popular game fish, found in warm lakes, ponds, rivers
- **Smallmouth Bass**: Pound-for-pound strongest fighter, prefers cooler, clearer water
- **Spotted Bass**: Between largemouth and smallmouth, common in southern rivers

**Trout**
- **Rainbow Trout**: Beautiful, stocked widely, takes flies and lures
- **Brown Trout**: Wariest, prefer cold streams, excellent fly fishing target
- **Brook Trout**: Native to eastern streams, requires cold, clean water

**Other Popular Species**
- **Walleye**: Excellent eating, low-light feeder, popular in northern lakes
- **Channel Catfish**: Bottom feeder, strong fighter, great eating, beginner-friendly
- **Northern Pike**: Aggressive predator, powerful fighter, toothy

### Saltwater (Common Species)
- **Redfish (Red Drum)**: Popular inshore species, strong fighter
- **Striped Bass**: Available surf fishing and boat, exciting fight
- **Flounder**: Bottom-dwelling, excellent eating, sight-casting in shallows
- **Snook**: Warm water inshore, powerful runs
- **Speckled Trout (Spotted Seatrout)**: Inshore, plentiful, good eating

## Tackle Selection

### Spinning Rod and Reel (Best for Beginners)

**Rod Selection**
- **Length**: 6-7 feet for general use, longer for casting distance, shorter for tight spaces
- **Power**: Light (panfish), Medium (bass, walleye), Medium-Heavy (large bass, catfish)
- **Action**: Fast (tip bends) for sensitivity, Moderate (bends through middle) for versatility
- **Material**: Graphite (sensitive, lightweight), fiberglass (durable, flexible), composite (blend)

**Reel Selection**
- Size 2000-2500 for panfish and trout (lighter line)
- Size 3000-3500 for bass and walleye (medium line)
- Size 4000+ for catfish, pike, saltwater (heavier line)
- Look for: Smooth drag, ball bearings (5+ is good), anti-reverse

**Recommended Starter Combo**: Pre-matched rod and reel combo ($30-80)
- Ugly Stik GX2 combo or Shakespeare Ugly Stik Catfish combo
- Daiwa BG combo (step up quality)

### Line Selection
- **Monofilament**: Best for beginners, forgiving, stretches, cheap, weakens with UV exposure
- **Fluorocarbon**: Nearly invisible underwater, no stretch, sinks, good as leader material
- **Braided**: No stretch, very strong for diameter, excellent sensitivity, no memory
- General freshwater: 6-10 lb monofilament or braid with fluorocarbon leader

### Baitcasting Equipment (Intermediate+)
- More accurate casting, handles heavier lures
- Steeper learning curve (backlash/"bird's nests" until technique is learned)
- Preferred for: Bass fishing, heavy cover, larger lures, precision casting
- Wait until comfortable with spinning gear before transitioning

### Essential Tackle Box
- Hooks: Aberdeen #6-#2 (panfish), circle hooks 1/0-3/0 (bass, catfish)
- Bobbers/floats: Fixed and slip style
- Split shot sinkers: Assorted sizes
- Bullet sinkers: 1/8 to 1/2 oz for Texas rigs
- Swivels: Barrel and snap swivels
- Jig heads: 1/8 to 1/4 oz, various colors
- Soft plastics: Worms (6-7 inch), grubs, creature baits
- Hard baits: 2-3 crankbaits, 1-2 spinnerbaits, 1-2 topwater
- Live bait hooks and bobber stops

## Fishing Techniques

### Live Bait Fishing (Simplest, Most Effective for Beginners)
**Bobber Fishing**
1. Attach bobber 2-4 feet above hook
2. Add split shot weight 6-12 inches above hook
3. Bait hook (worm, minnow, cricket, corn)
4. Cast near structure (fallen trees, weeds, docks)
5. Watch bobber - when it goes under, set the hook

**Bottom Fishing**
1. Slide sinker (1/2 - 1 oz) on line, add swivel, then 12-18 inch leader to hook
2. Bait with worm, cut bait, or prepared bait
3. Cast to likely bottom areas (deep holes, channel edges)
4. Let it sit, watch rod tip for bites
5. Best for: Catfish, carp, bottom-feeding species

### Artificial Lure Techniques

**Texas Rig (Soft Plastic Worm)**
- Thread bullet sinker on line, tie hook (offset worm hook)
- Thread worm onto hook (bury hook point in body for weedless)
- Cast to cover, let sink, slow retrieve with rod tip lifts
- Best for: Bass in heavy cover

**Crankbait Fishing**
- Tie crankbait directly to line (or use snap, not snap-swivel)
- Cast past target, steady retrieve at various speeds
- Diving depth printed on package or varies by lip size
- Deflect off cover to trigger reaction strikes

**Jig Fishing**
- Versatile: Tip with soft plastic trailer
- Cast, let sink to bottom, hop along with rod tip
- Feel for subtle "tick" bites
- Year-round technique, especially effective in cold water

**Topwater (Most Exciting)**
- Best in low light (dawn, dusk) and warm water
- Cast near cover, work with twitches and pauses
- Wait until you feel the fish's weight before setting hook (not on the splash)
- Types: Poppers, walk-the-dog (Zara Spook), buzzbaits, frogs

### Fly Fishing (Specialized Technique)
- Uses weighted line to cast nearly weightless flies
- Requires specific rod, reel, and line setup
- Best for: Trout, panfish, bass, and many saltwater species
- Learning curve: Practice casting on lawn before fishing
- Start with: 5-weight rod, floating line, basic nymph and dry fly patterns
- Consider a guided lesson for first outing

### Ice Fishing
- Requires: Ice auger, shelter (optional but helpful), ice rod (short, 24-36 inches)
- Safety: Minimum 4 inches of clear ice for walking
- Jigging small spoons or jig heads tipped with live bait
- Electronics: Flasher or fish finder shows depth and fish
- Target: Panfish, walleye, pike, trout (species-dependent on lake)

## Seasonal Patterns

### Spring
- Fish move shallow as water warms
- Pre-spawn feeding frenzy (best fishing of the year for many species)
- Look for sun-warmed shallows
- Spawn periods: Bass fan beds visible in shallows (practice catch and release during spawn)
- Best baits: Slow presentations, natural colors, live bait

### Summer
- Fish active but often deep during heat of day
- Best fishing: Early morning and late evening
- Night fishing productive for catfish, walleye, bass
- Fish near structure and shade during midday
- Topwater excellent at dawn and dusk

### Fall
- Fish feed heavily preparing for winter
- Follow baitfish schools (shad, minnows)
- Excellent fishing as fish are aggressive
- Look for bird activity on lakes (diving birds indicate baitfish below)
- Transition patterns: Fish move from deep to shallow as water cools

### Winter
- Fish metabolism slows in cold water
- Slow presentations essential
- Fish deeper structure
- Ice fishing where conditions allow
- Best species: Walleye, trout, panfish (remain active in cold)

## Regulations and Licenses

### Before You Fish
1. Purchase state fishing license (online, sporting goods stores, or DNR office)
2. Check for additional stamps or endorsements needed (trout stamp, saltwater endorsement)
3. Review regulations for your specific water body:
   - Daily bag limits (how many you can keep)
   - Size limits (minimum and sometimes maximum length)
   - Slot limits (must release fish within a certain size range)
   - Seasonal closures (some species protected during spawning)
   - Gear restrictions (some waters are artificial-only or barbless-only)
4. Carry license on your person while fishing
5. Free fishing days: Most states offer 1-2 days per year where no license is needed

### Where to Find Regulations
- State DNR/Fish and Game website (most comprehensive)
- Printed regulation booklets (available where licenses are sold)
- Apps: FishAngler, FishBrain (include regulations and reports)

## Catch and Release Best Practices

### Why Catch and Release?
- Preserves fish populations for future fishing
- Many trophy fish are breeding females (releasing them sustains the fishery)
- Required by regulation for many species and sizes

### Proper Catch and Release
1. Use circle hooks (self-set in corner of mouth, reducing gut hooking)
2. Wet your hands before handling fish (dry hands remove protective slime)
3. Minimize time out of water (imagine holding your breath - that is what the fish is doing)
4. Do not squeeze the fish or put fingers in gills
5. Support the fish horizontally (do not hold large fish vertically by jaw)
6. Use barbless hooks or crimp barbs for easier release
7. If hook is deep, cut the line close - the hook will rust out
8. Revive exhausted fish: Hold facing into current or gently move forward in water until it swims off under its own power
9. Use rubber-coated nets (less abrasion to fish)

## Essential Knots

### Improved Clinch Knot (Most Important Knot)
- Connects line to hook, lure, or swivel
- Pass line through eye, 5-7 wraps around line, thread through loop by eye, then through big loop
- Wet knot before tightening (friction heat weakens line)
- Good for: Monofilament and fluorocarbon

### Palomar Knot (Strongest)
- Double 6 inches of line, pass loop through eye
- Tie overhand knot with doubled line
- Pass hook through the loop
- Pull tight
- Works with all line types including braid

### Uni Knot (Versatile)
- Pass line through eye, lay line alongside
- Make 5-6 wraps through the loop
- Pull tight
- Can be used for: Line to hook, line to line (uni to uni), and loop knot

### Surgeon's Knot (Leader Connection)
- Overlap main line and leader 6-8 inches
- Tie overhand knot with both lines together (pass ends through twice)
- Wet and tighten all four tag ends

## Reading Water

### River/Stream Features
- **Riffles**: Shallow, fast, oxygenated water - insects live here, fish feed here
- **Runs**: Moderate depth and flow below riffles - fish hold and feed
- **Pools**: Deeper, slower water - fish rest here, especially in heat
- **Eddies**: Calm pockets behind rocks or bends - fish wait for food to drift in
- **Undercut banks**: Fish hide under overhanging banks (cast tight to bank)
- **Seams**: Where fast water meets slow water - prime feeding lanes

### Lake Features
- **Points**: Land extending into water - fish travel along points
- **Drop-offs**: Where shallow water drops to deep - transition zones hold fish
- **Weed edges**: Outside edge of weed beds - ambush points for predators
- **Structure**: Fallen trees, docks, rocks, stumps - fish relate to cover
- **Inflows**: Creek mouths bring food and cooler water (especially in summer)
- **Wind-blown shores**: Wind pushes baitfish and plankton against shore, predators follow

## Safety Considerations

- Wear a PFD (personal flotation device) when fishing from boats or wading deep
- Watch for weather changes, especially lightning (get off water immediately)
- Tell someone where you are going and when you will return
- Sun protection: Hat, sunglasses (polarized help see fish), sunscreen
- Watch footing on slippery rocks and banks
- Be aware of swift currents when wading
- Handle fish with sharp spines carefully (catfish, bass dorsal)
- Remove hooks carefully; carry pliers and first aid supplies
- Know how to handle fish with teeth (pike, musky, bluefish) - use jaw spreaders

## Progression Path

1. **Phase 1**: Get license, basic gear, learn bobber fishing at local pond, catch panfish
2. **Phase 2**: Learn multiple techniques, target bass or trout, tie basic knots reliably
3. **Phase 3**: Read water, understand seasonal patterns, explore new waters
4. **Phase 4**: Specialize in a technique (fly fishing, bass fishing, saltwater)
5. **Phase 5**: Advanced techniques, tournament fishing, or guide others
6. **Phase 6**: Habitat conservation involvement, mentoring new anglers, multi-species mastery

## Resources

- **State DNR/Fish and Game websites**: Regulations, stocking reports, access maps
- **FishBrain app**: Catch logs, species ID, water reports from other anglers
- **Navionics / OnX Hunt/Fish**: Lake maps with depth contours
- **Books**: "The Complete Book of Fishing" by Mark Sosin
- **YouTube**: Tactical Bassin, Uncut Angling, Flukemaster (instructional)
- **Local fishing clubs**: Join for local knowledge, partners, and events
- **Tackle shops**: Local shops provide the best advice for nearby waters


## Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

```
[Fishing Guide deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline
```


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with fishing guide for a mid-size project."

**Output:** A complete fishing guide framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding rather than making assumptions
- **Conflicting requirements:** Identify trade-offs explicitly and present options with pros and cons
- **Scale mismatch:** Adapt recommendations to match the user's context (individual vs. team vs. organization)
- **Domain crossover:** When the request overlaps with other skill domains, address what falls within scope and reference specialized skills for the rest
