---
name: substack-writer
description: |
  Newsletter business strategy covering niche positioning, free versus paid tier design, subscriber acquisition, growth tactics, writing cadence, community features, monetization math, and cross-promotion for sustainable newsletter revenue. Use when the user asks about substack writer or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "newsletter writing content-marketing"
  category: "marketing-sales"
  subcategory: "seo-growth"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Substack Writer

## When to Use


## Process

1. **Gather requirements.** Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. **Analyze the situation.** Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to substack writer.

3. **Develop the framework.** Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. **Deliver actionable output.** Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. **Address edge cases.** Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

**Use this skill when:**
- User needs guidance on substack writer
- User asks about substack writer best practices or techniques
- User wants a structured approach to substack writer

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
- The request is outside the scope of substack writer

## Questions to Ask First

Before launching a newsletter, work through these fundamentals:

1. What is your unique perspective or expertise? What do you know that others would pay to read?
2. Who is your ideal reader? What are their job titles, interests, and daily challenges?
3. Can you articulate your newsletter's value in one sentence? ("I help [audience] with [specific value]")
4. What is your writing background? How fast can you produce quality long-form content?
5. Are you building a paid newsletter business, or using free newsletters to drive another business?
6. How often can you realistically publish without burning out? Weekly? Twice a week?
7. Do you have an existing audience anywhere? (Twitter/X, LinkedIn, blog, YouTube, podcast)
8. What newsletters in your space do you respect? What gap do they leave unfilled?
9. Are you comfortable with personal writing, or do you prefer purely informational content?
10. What does success look like at 1 year? (Subscriber count, revenue, authority, book deal)

## Niche Positioning

### The Newsletter Positioning Matrix

Strong newsletters sit at the intersection of three elements:

```
        Expertise
           /\
          /  \
         /    \
        /      \
       / SWEET  \
      /  SPOT    \
     /____________\
Audience Need    Unique Angle
```

**Expertise**: What you know deeply
**Audience Need**: What people actively want to learn/read about
**Unique Angle**: How you say it differently from everyone else

### Positioning Statement Template

```
[Newsletter Name] is a [frequency] newsletter for [specific audience]
who want to [desired outcome]. Unlike [competitor/category], we focus on
[unique angle] through [content format/approach].
```

**Examples:**
- "The Data Stack is a weekly newsletter for data engineers who want to stay current on tooling without reading 50 blogs. Unlike aggregator newsletters, every issue includes original analysis of one tool with hands-on benchmarks."
- "Kitchen Margins is a biweekly newsletter for restaurant owners who want to improve profitability. We focus exclusively on the numbers behind menu engineering with real P&L breakdowns."

### Validating Your Niche

1. **Search Substack**: Are there 3-10 newsletters in your space? (Good -- proves demand)
2. **Check subscriber counts**: Use Substack Leaderboard or third-party tools
3. **Read competitors**: Where are the gaps in their coverage?
4. **Ask your network**: "Would you read a newsletter about X?" (Be specific)
5. **Write 3 sample posts**: If they come easily, the niche fits your voice
6. **Monitor engagement**: Post your newsletter concept on Twitter/LinkedIn, measure response

## Free vs Paid Tier Design

### Free Tier Strategy

The free tier is your growth engine. It must be genuinely valuable.

**What to include in free:**
- Your flagship content (the thing that makes people subscribe)
- At least 1 post per week
- Enough value that readers feel slightly guilty getting it for free
- Occasional "preview" of paid content (first section free, rest paywalled)

**What NOT to do with free:**
- Make it a teaser with no substance
- Publish inconsistently
- Treat free subscribers as second-class

### Paid Tier Strategy

Paid content must deliver differentiated value. Options:

| Paid Content Type | Works For | Example |
|------------------|-----------|---------|
| Deep-dive analysis | Expert niches | Weekly 3,000-word breakdown |
| Data/research | Industry newsletters | Original survey results, data sets |
| Community access | Niche professionals | Discussion threads, AMAs |
| Templates/tools | Practitioners | Spreadsheets, frameworks, checklists |
| Podcast/audio | Commuter audience | Weekly subscriber-only interview |
| Early access | News/trends | Get insights before free subscribers |
| Archive access | Evergreen content | Full back catalog for paid only |

### The Free-to-Paid Funnel

```
Discover newsletter (social, search, referral)
  --> Subscribe free (deliver immediate value)
    --> Read 5-8 free issues (build trust and habit)
      --> Hit paywall on compelling piece (trigger conversion)
        --> Convert to paid ($5-15/month)
          --> Retain through ongoing value + community
```

**Conversion rate benchmarks**: 5-10% of free subscribers converting to paid is excellent. 2-5% is normal.

## Growth Strategies

### The Subscriber Acquisition Playbook

**Phase 1: First 100 subscribers (Personal network)**
- Email everyone you know with a personal note (not blast)
- Post on every social platform you're active on
- Ask friends to forward to 1 person who'd find it valuable
- Cross-post your first essay on LinkedIn/Medium/Twitter threads

**Phase 2: 100-1,000 subscribers (Content-driven growth)**
- Publish consistently (train the algorithm and reader habits)
- Write 2-3 "banger" posts designed for shareability
- Engage in communities where your audience hangs out (not spamming -- adding value)
- Guest post on other Substacks
- Start Substack recommendations (mutual referrals)

**Phase 3: 1,000-10,000 subscribers (Compounding growth)**
- Substack recommendation network (the single most powerful growth tool)
- Cross-promotion swaps with similarly-sized newsletters
- Twitter/X threads that link to your newsletter
- Podcast appearances (have a clear CTA to subscribe)
- SEO-optimize your archive (Substack posts rank on Google)
- Referral program: Substack lets you reward subscribers for sharing

**Phase 4: 10,000+ subscribers (Scale and diversify)**
- Paid growth experiments (Twitter ads, sponsoring other newsletters)
- Media mentions and PR
- Speaking engagements
- Book deal or major content project that drives back to newsletter
- Hire help for growth (social media manager, growth marketer)

### Substack-Specific Growth Features

- **Recommendations**: When readers subscribe to you, suggest partner newsletters (and vice versa). This is the highest-converting growth channel on Substack.
- **Notes**: Substack's social layer. Post short-form content to drive discovery.
- **Restacks**: Share other writers' posts to build relationships.
- **Leaderboard**: Category rankings drive organic discovery.
- **Network effects**: Every subscriber's social graph becomes a potential distribution channel.

## Writing Cadence

### Sustainable Publishing Schedules

| Frequency | Best For | Subscriber Expectation |
|-----------|----------|----------------------|
| Daily | News, curation, short-form | High commitment from you and reader |
| 3x/week | Prolific writers, current events | Strong growth, high burnout risk |
| 2x/week | Most growth-focused newsletters | Good balance of growth and quality |
| Weekly | Deep-dive, analysis, long-form | Gold standard for most writers |
| Biweekly | Research-heavy, side project | Acceptable if content is exceptional |
| Monthly | Premium research reports | Too slow for growth, only works if established |

### The Weekly Newsletter Production Schedule

```
Monday:    Topic selection + research (1-2 hours)
Tuesday:   Outline + first draft (2-3 hours)
Wednesday: Revision + editing (1-2 hours)
Thursday:  Final polish + formatting + schedule (1 hour)
Friday:    Publish (morning) + engage with comments (30 min)
Weekend:   Social promotion of this week's post + idea capture for next
```

### Writing Formulas That Work for Newsletters

**The Insight Sandwich:**
```
Open with a story or observation
  --> Introduce the insight/framework
    --> Provide evidence and examples
      --> Give actionable takeaways
        --> Close with a memorable line or callback to the opening
```

**The Listicle Deep-Dive:**
```
Brief intro establishing why this list matters
  --> Item 1 with 2-3 paragraphs of analysis
  --> Item 2...
  --> Final item (strongest, most interesting)
  --> Synthesis: what the list reveals about the bigger picture
```

**The Contrarian Take:**
```
State the conventional wisdom
  --> Present the evidence against it
    --> Offer your alternative framework
      --> Acknowledge nuances and when conventional wisdom DOES apply
        --> Clear recommendation for the reader
```

## Subscriber Acquisition Math

### The Growth Calculator

```
Starting subscribers:          500
Monthly organic growth rate:   15% (from content + social)
Monthly recommendations:       50 new subs (from Substack recs)
Monthly paid acquisition:      0 (for now)
Monthly churn:                 2%

Month 1:  500 + 75 + 50 - 10 = 615
Month 3:  ~870
Month 6:  ~1,600
Month 12: ~4,800
Month 18: ~14,000
Month 24: ~42,000 (if growth rate sustains, which it rarely does fully)
```

**Reality check**: Growth rates slow as you scale. 15% monthly is aggressive but achievable early. Expect 5-8% monthly at 10K+ subscribers.

### Cost of Subscriber Acquisition

| Channel | Cost Per Subscriber | Notes |
|---------|-------------------|-------|
| Organic (social, SEO) | $0 | Your time is the cost |
| Substack recommendations | $0 | Mutual referral, no cost |
| Cross-promotion swaps | $0 | Time + relationship cost |
| Newsletter sponsorships | $2-8 | Sponsor another newsletter |
| Twitter/X ads | $1-5 | Variable, requires good creative |
| Facebook/Instagram ads | $2-10 | Better for broad consumer topics |
| SparkLoop referrals | $1-3 | Pay-per-subscriber referral network |

## Community Features

### Substack Chat and Discussion Threads

- Enable discussion threads on every post (signals engagement to algorithm)
- Use chat for real-time community interaction
- Pin important conversations
- Respond to comments within 24 hours (especially early on)
- Feature great reader comments in future posts

### Building Community Beyond Substack

- **Discord server**: For paid subscribers, deeper real-time conversation
- **Monthly Zoom calls**: Live Q&A or workshops for paid members
- **Reader meetups**: Virtual or in-person events
- **Collaborative projects**: Invite readers to contribute to posts
- **Subscriber spotlights**: Feature readers' work or stories

## Monetization Math

### Revenue Projections by Subscriber Count

Assuming $7/month or $70/year pricing:

| Free Subscribers | Paid Conversion Rate | Paid Subscribers | Monthly Revenue | Annual Revenue |
|-----------------|---------------------|-----------------|----------------|---------------|
| 1,000 | 5% | 50 | $350 | $4,200 |
| 5,000 | 5% | 250 | $1,750 | $21,000 |
| 10,000 | 5% | 500 | $3,500 | $42,000 |
| 25,000 | 5% | 1,250 | $8,750 | $105,000 |
| 50,000 | 5% | 2,500 | $17,500 | $210,000 |
| 100,000 | 5% | 5,000 | $35,000 | $420,000 |

**Substack takes 10%** of paid subscription revenue. Stripe takes ~2.9% + 30 cents per transaction.

### Pricing Strategy

- **$5/month ($50/year)**: Low barrier, high volume needed. Best for broad audiences.
- **$7-10/month ($70-100/year)**: Sweet spot for most newsletters. Annual discount encourages commitment.
- **$15-25/month ($150-250/year)**: Premium positioning. Works for professional/industry newsletters where value is directly tied to earning potential.
- **Founding member tier**: $200-300/year. Special recognition, limited availability. Creates a premium tier with minimal extra work.

### Revenue Diversification for Newsletter Writers

1. **Paid subscriptions**: Core revenue (aim for 50-70% of total)
2. **Sponsorships**: Sell ad placements in free issues ($25-100 CPM)
3. **Affiliate links**: Recommend products authentically ($200-2,000/month)
4. **Digital products**: Ebooks, templates, courses ($500-10,000/launch)
5. **Consulting/coaching**: Leverage authority ($150-500/hour)
6. **Speaking**: Conference and podcast appearances ($500-5,000/event)
7. **Book deals**: Newsletter as proof of audience ($10,000-100,000 advance)
8. **Job board**: If your niche is professional ($200-500 per listing)

## Cross-Promotion Strategy

### Finding Cross-Promotion Partners

**Ideal partners have:**
- Similar audience size (0.5x to 2x yours)
- Adjacent but non-competing topic
- Similar quality standards
- Engaged readership
- Mutual respect for each other's work

### Cross-Promotion Formats

1. **Recommendation swap**: Add each other to your Substack recommendation list
2. **Shared post**: Co-write a post that goes to both audiences
3. **Guest post**: Write for each other's newsletters
4. **Newsletter mention**: Genuine endorsement in your regular content
5. **Referral exchange**: "If you like my newsletter, you'll love [partner]"
6. **Joint webinar/event**: Collaborative event marketed to both audiences

### Outreach Template

```
Subject: Cross-promotion idea - [Your Newsletter] x [Their Newsletter]

Hi [Name],

I'm a reader and fan of [their newsletter]. Your piece on [specific post]
really resonated with my thinking on [related topic].

I write [Your Newsletter], a [frequency] newsletter for [audience] covering
[topic]. We have [subscriber count] subscribers and a [open rate]% open rate.

I think our audiences would benefit from knowing about each other's work.
Would you be interested in:
- Adding each other to our Substack recommendations
- A guest post swap
- [Other specific proposal]

Happy to share more details about my audience demographics if helpful.

[Your name]
[Link to your best post]
```

## Advanced Substack Tactics

### SEO for Substack

- Write evergreen posts with keyword-rich titles
- Use H2 and H3 headers with target keywords
- Substack posts can rank on Google -- treat them like blog posts
- Internal linking: reference your past posts within new content
- Custom domain improves SEO authority (yourname.com vs yourname.substack.com)

### Email Deliverability

- Maintain clean list (remove inactive subscribers quarterly)
- Avoid spam trigger words in subject lines
- Consistent sending schedule improves inbox placement
- Ask readers to move you to primary inbox
- Monitor open rates: below 30% may signal deliverability issues

### Retention Strategies

- **Welcome sequence**: Automated emails for new subscribers (Substack supports this)
- **Best-of roundups**: Periodically resurface your best content for new readers
- **Reader surveys**: Ask what they want more of (and less of)
- **Personal responses**: Reply to reader emails and comments
- **Consistent quality**: One great post per week beats three mediocre ones

## Common Mistakes

1. **Starting paid too early**: Build to 1,000+ free subscribers before turning on paid
2. **No clear value proposition**: "My thoughts on stuff" is not a newsletter
3. **Inconsistent publishing**: Missing weeks kills momentum and trust
4. **All promotion, no substance**: Social media should showcase your best thinking, not just "subscribe to my newsletter"
5. **Ignoring analytics**: Open rates, click rates, and growth trends tell you what's working
6. **Not engaging with readers**: Newsletters are conversations, not broadcasts
7. **Underpricing**: $5/month often converts at the same rate as $8/month, leaving money on the table
8. **No cross-promotion**: Trying to grow entirely alone is the hardest path
9. **Perfectionism**: Ship consistently, iterate based on feedback
10. **Neglecting the archive**: New subscribers judge your newsletter by your past posts -- make your archive browsable and compelling


## Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

```
[Substack Writer deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline
```


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with substack writer for a mid-size project."

**Output:** A complete substack writer framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding rather than making assumptions
- **Conflicting requirements:** Identify trade-offs explicitly and present options with pros and cons
- **Scale mismatch:** Adapt recommendations to match the user's context (individual vs. team vs. organization)
- **Domain crossover:** When the request overlaps with other skill domains, address what falls within scope and reference specialized skills for the rest
