---
name: senior-pet-care
description: |
  Comprehensive guide for caring for aging dogs and cats covering age-related changes, mobility support, pain management, cognitive dysfunction, nutrition adjustments, veterinary screening schedules, quality of life assessment, comfort modifications, end-of-life planning, and grief support resources.
  Use when the user asks about senior pet care, or needs help with comprehensive guide for caring for aging dogs and cats covering age-related changes, mobility support, pain management, cognitive dysfunction, nutrition adjustments, veterinary screening schedules, quality of life assessment, comfort modifications, end-of-life planning, and grief support resources.
  Do NOT use when the request requires professional specialized advice or falls outside the scope of senior pet care.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "pet-care guide elder-care"
  category: "home-household"
  subcategory: "pet-care"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Senior Pet Care

## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about senior pet care
- User needs guidance on senior pet care topics
- User wants a structured approach to senior pet care

**Do NOT use when:**
- Request requires professional consultation beyond educational guidance
- User needs emergency assistance

## Questions to Ask First

1. **What type and breed of pet?** (Dog breed and size / Cat breed)
2. **How old is your pet?**
3. **What changes have you noticed?** (Mobility / Appetite / Behavior / Energy / Bathroom habits)
4. **When did changes begin?** (Gradually over months / Suddenly / Recently noticed)
5. **What is your pet's current diet?** (Brand, type, amount, frequency)
6. **What medications or supplements is your pet currently taking?**
7. **When was the last veterinary visit?**
8. **How is your pet's mobility?** (Normal / Slightly stiff / Difficulty with stairs / Cannot jump / Needs help standing)
9. **Has your pet had any recent diagnostic workups?** (Blood work / X-rays / Urinalysis)
10. **What is your primary concern right now?** (Comfort / Specific health issue / Quality of life / End-of-life planning)

---

## When Is My Pet "Senior"?

### Age Classification

```
DOGS (varies significantly by size):
Small Breeds (under 20 lbs):
  Mature: 7-9 years
  Senior: 10-12 years
  Geriatric: 13+ years
  Equivalent human age at 10: ~56 years
  Common lifespan: 12-16 years

Medium Breeds (20-50 lbs):
  Mature: 6-8 years
  Senior: 8-10 years
  Geriatric: 11+ years
  Equivalent human age at 8: ~51 years
  Common lifespan: 10-14 years

Large Breeds (50-90 lbs):
  Mature: 5-7 years
  Senior: 7-9 years
  Geriatric: 10+ years
  Equivalent human age at 7: ~50 years
  Common lifespan: 8-12 years

Giant Breeds (90+ lbs):
  Mature: 4-5 years
  Senior: 5-7 years
  Geriatric: 8+ years
  Equivalent human age at 6: ~49 years
  Common lifespan: 7-10 years

CATS:
  Mature: 7-10 years
  Senior: 11-14 years
  Geriatric: 15+ years
  Equivalent human age at 11: ~60 years
  Common lifespan: 12-18 years (indoor cats)
```

---

## Common Age-Related Changes

### Physical Changes to Monitor

```
MUSCULOSKELETAL:
- Muscle mass loss (sarcopenia), especially hind legs
- Joint stiffness, particularly after rest
- Arthritis (affects 80% of dogs over 8 and 90% of cats over 12)
- Slower to rise, reluctance to jump or climb stairs
- Decreased exercise tolerance
- Visible spine or hip bones as muscle wastes

SENSORY CHANGES:
Vision:
  - Cloudy eyes (nuclear sclerosis - normal aging, not the same as cataracts)
  - Cataracts (white, opaque lens - reduces or blocks vision)
  - Bumping into objects, especially in dim light
  - Reluctance to navigate unfamiliar spaces
Hearing:
  - Gradual hearing loss (does not respond to name, startles easily)
  - May sleep more deeply
  - May bark/meow more loudly (cannot hear themselves)

DIGESTIVE:
- Decreased appetite or pickier eating
- Slower digestion, constipation
- Weight gain (decreased metabolism) or weight loss (disease or malabsorption)
- Dental disease affecting ability to eat

URINARY:
- Increased thirst and urination (may indicate kidney disease, diabetes, or Cushing's)
- House-training accidents
- Urinary incontinence (especially spayed females)
- Straining to urinate (prostate in males, urinary tract issues)

SKIN AND COAT:
- Thinner, less elastic skin
- Dull, dry, or brittle coat
- Graying around muzzle and eyes
- Lumps and bumps (most are benign lipomas, but all should be checked)
- Slower wound healing
- Calluses on elbows and hocks
```

### Behavioral and Cognitive Changes

```
NORMAL AGING BEHAVIOR:
- Sleeping more (normal increase with age)
- Less interest in play (but should still engage sometimes)
- Taking longer to respond to commands
- Preferring routine and familiar environments
- Seeking more warmth and comfort

COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME (CDS):
Affects approximately 28% of dogs 11-12 years and 68% of dogs 15-16 years.
Affects an estimated 55% of cats over 11 years.

SIGNS (DISHAA Acronym):
D - Disorientation
    Getting lost in familiar places, stuck in corners, staring at walls
I - Interaction Changes
    Less affectionate, or more clingy; not recognizing family
S - Sleep-Wake Cycle Disruption
    Restless at night, pacing, vocalizing; sleeping more during day
H - House Soiling
    skipping house training, eliminating in unusual places
A - Activity Changes
    Decreased interest, repetitive behaviors (circling, pacing)
A - Anxiety
    New fears, separation distress, restlessness, agitation

CDS MANAGEMENT:
- Mental enrichment: Puzzle feeders, short training sessions, novel experiences
- Consistent daily routine (same walk times, feeding times, bed location)
- Environmental support: Night lights, non-slip surfaces, easy access to resources
- Diet: Foods enriched with antioxidants, omega-3, MCT oil
- Supplements: SAMe, omega-3, vitamin E (consult vet for doses)
- Medication: Selegiline (Anipryl) for dogs may slow progression
- Keep familiar furniture and layout; avoid rearranging
```

---

## Mobility Support

### Home Modifications

```
THROUGHOUT THE HOME:
[ ] Non-slip mats or rugs on hardwood/tile floors (critical for stability)
[ ] Ramps for furniture access (bed, couch, car)
[ ] Baby gates to block stairs (if mobility is severely compromised)
[ ] Raised food and water bowls (reduces neck strain)
[ ] Orthopedic memory foam bed (supports joints, eases pressure points)
[ ] Warm, draft-free sleeping area (cold worsens arthritis)
[ ] Night lights for pets with declining vision
[ ] Easy-access litter boxes for cats (low entry sides, larger size)
[ ] Multiple water stations (reduces need to travel far)
[ ] Toe grips or paw wax for dogs slipping on floors

OUTDOOR ACCESS:
[ ] Ramp for porch or deck steps
[ ] Non-slip surface on ramps
[ ] Shortened walk routes (frequent short walks better than one long one)
[ ] Avoid extreme temperatures (senior pets regulate temp poorly)
[ ] Harness or sling for support on walks if needed
[ ] Elevated dog door if using one (reduce step-over height)

FOR CATS SPECIFICALLY:
[ ] Steps or ramps to favorite high spots
[ ] Multiple litter boxes on each floor (one per floor minimum)
[ ] Litter box with low or cut-down entry (2-3 inch lip maximum)
[ ] Heated bed or pad (on low setting, with option to move away)
[ ] Accessible food and water on the same floor as sleeping area
```

### Arthritis Management

```
VETERINARY TREATMENTS:
- NSAIDs (dog: carprofen, meloxicam; cat: meloxicam, robenacoxib)
  NEVER give human NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) to pets - toxic
- Adequan (polysulfated glycosaminoglycan) injections
- Gabapentin (pain and anxiety management)
- Laser therapy (cold laser, photobiomodulation)
- Acupuncture (growing evidence for pain management)
- Physical rehabilitation (water treadmill, range of motion exercises)

SUPPLEMENTS (discuss with vet):
| Supplement | Evidence | Dose (consult vet) |
|-----------|----------|-------------------|
| Glucosamine/Chondroitin | Moderate | Species/weight dependent |
| Omega-3 fish oil | Strong | 75-100 mg EPA+DHA per kg |
| Green-lipped mussel | Moderate | Per product label |
| Turmeric/Curcumin | Emerging | Per vet recommendation |
| SAMe | Moderate (liver + joints) | Per vet recommendation |

HOME COMFORT MEASURES:
- Gentle massage (increases circulation, eases tension)
- Warm compresses on stiff joints (10-15 min, not too hot)
- Moderate, consistent exercise (short walks, gentle play)
- Maintain healthy weight (every extra pound stresses joints)
- Avoid cold, damp sleeping areas
- Supportive harness for walks (rear-support for hip/knee issues)
```

---

## Pain Management

### Recognizing Pain in Pets

```
DOGS IN PAIN MAY SHOW:
- Limping, stiffness, reluctance to move
- Whimpering, groaning, or crying when touched or moving
- Panting when at rest (not related to heat)
- Trembling or shaking
- Changes in posture (hunched back, head down)
- Decreased appetite
- Withdrawal from interaction
- Aggression when touched (uncharacteristic snapping)
- Restlessness, inability to get comfortable
- Excessive licking or chewing at a specific area

CATS IN PAIN MAY SHOW (often very subtle):
- Hiding more than usual
- Decreased grooming (matted, unkempt coat)
- OR increased grooming of a painful area
- Reluctance to jump (even small heights)
- Change in facial expression (squinted eyes, flattened ears, tense muzzle)
- Decreased appetite
- Inappropriate elimination (too painful to get to litter box)
- Purring (cats sometimes purr when in pain, not just when happy)
- Reduced play and interaction
- Posture changes (hunched, reluctance to stretch)

PAIN SCALES:
Ask your vet about validated pain assessment tools:
- Dogs: Glasgow Composite Pain Scale, Colorado State Pain Scale
- Cats: Feline Grimace Scale (facial expression based, very useful)
  Available free online; learn to use it for at-home monitoring
```

---

## Nutrition for Senior Pets

### Dietary Adjustments

```
SENIOR DOG NUTRITION:
- Calories: Reduce by 20-30% to prevent obesity (unless underweight)
- Protein: MAINTAIN or INCREASE quality protein (1.5-2x maintenance)
  Old myth: "reduce protein for seniors" is outdated unless kidney failure is present
- Fat: Moderate (omega-3 supplementation for joint and brain health)
- Fiber: Slightly increased (supports digestive health)
- Moisture: Consider adding water or using wet food (supports hydration)
- Joint support: Look for diets with glucosamine, omega-3, antioxidants
- Brain health: MCT oil, antioxidants, DHA

SENIOR CAT NUTRITION:
- Calories: Maintain or slightly increase (senior cats often lose weight)
- Protein: HIGH quality protein (cats are obligate carnivores; need protein for muscle)
- Phosphorus: Restrict if kidney values are elevated (vet guidance)
- Moisture: Wet food strongly recommended (cats are chronic low-drinkers)
- B vitamins: May need supplementation (older cats absorb poorly)
- Feeding frequency: Smaller, more frequent meals may be better tolerated

WHEN TO CHANGE DIET:
- Diagnosis of kidney disease (prescription kidney diet)
- Diagnosis of diabetes (high protein, low carb for cats)
- Diagnosis of heart disease (sodium-restricted)
- Significant weight loss or gain
- Dental disease making kibble difficult (switch to wet or softened food)
- Always transition gradually over 7-10 days to avoid GI upset
```

---

## Veterinary Screening Schedule

### Recommended Senior Wellness Protocol

```
EVERY 6 MONTHS (twice-yearly wellness exams):

EXAMINATION:
[ ] Complete physical exam
[ ] Weight and body condition score
[ ] Dental assessment
[ ] Joint and mobility evaluation
[ ] Eye and ear examination
[ ] Skin and coat check (note any new lumps)
[ ] Heart and lung auscultation
[ ] Abdominal palpation
[ ] Blood pressure measurement

DIAGNOSTICS:
[ ] Complete Blood Count (CBC)
    - Red blood cells (anemia check)
    - White blood cells (infection/inflammation)
    - Platelets (clotting ability)
[ ] Chemistry Panel
    - Kidney values (BUN, creatinine, SDMA)
    - Liver values (ALT, ALP, bilirubin)
    - Blood glucose
    - Electrolytes
[ ] Thyroid Panel
    - Dogs: Check for hypothyroidism (low thyroid)
    - Cats: Check for hyperthyroidism (high thyroid, very common)
[ ] Urinalysis
    - Kidney function (concentration ability)
    - Infection screening
    - Glucose (diabetes screening)
[ ] Blood Pressure
    - Hypertension common in senior cats (often secondary to kidney or thyroid disease)
    - Can cause blindness, organ damage

ADDITIONAL SCREENING (as recommended by vet):
- Chest X-rays (heart size, lung health)
- Abdominal ultrasound (organ assessment)
- ECG (heart rhythm)
- Joint X-rays (if mobility declining)
- Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (early kidney disease)
```

---

## Quality of Life Assessment

### The HHHHHMM Scale

```
Score each category 1-10 (1 = worst, 10 = best)

H - HURT (Pain Management)
Is the pet's pain being adequately managed?
Can the pet breathe comfortably?
Score: ___/10

H - HUNGER (Nutrition)
Is the pet eating enough? Enjoying food?
Is hand-feeding or appetite stimulants needed?
Score: ___/10

H - HYDRATION
Is the pet drinking enough water?
Is subcutaneous fluid supplementation needed?
Score: ___/10

H - HYGIENE
Can the pet be kept clean and free of sores?
Is the pet soiling itself regularly?
Score: ___/10

H - HAPPINESS
Does the pet express joy, interest, or engagement?
Is the pet responsive to family, toys, or environment?
Does the pet still have moments of contentment?
Score: ___/10

M - MOBILITY
Can the pet get up and move without assistance?
Can the pet reach food, water, and elimination areas?
Does the pet want to go for walks or move around?
Score: ___/10

M - MORE GOOD DAYS THAN BAD
When bad days outnumber good days, quality of life is compromised.
Is the pet having more good days than bad days?
Score: ___/10

TOTAL: ___/70
Above 35: Acceptable quality of life
Below 35: Quality of life may be suffering; discuss with vet
Trend matters: A declining score over weeks is significant

KEEPING A DAILY LOG:
Rate each day as Good, Okay, or Bad
Track over 2-4 weeks to see the trend
A calendar with simple color coding works well:
  Green = Good day
  Yellow = Okay day
  Red = Bad day
```

---

## End-of-Life Planning

### Having the Conversation

```
WHEN TO START THINKING ABOUT END-OF-LIFE:
- When a terminal diagnosis is made
- When quality of life is consistently declining
- When treatment options are exhausted or not improving comfort
- When bad days outnumber good days
- When you find yourself asking "Is it time?"

TALKING TO YOUR VETERINARIAN:
Questions to ask:
1. "What is my pet's prognosis?"
2. "What are the treatment options and their realistic outcomes?"
3. "What does the progression of this condition look like?"
4. "How will I know when it is time?"
5. "What does the euthanasia process involve?"
6. "Do you offer in-home euthanasia, or can you refer someone who does?"
7. "What aftercare options are available?" (cremation, burial)

IT IS BETTER TO BE A WEEK EARLY THAN A DAY LATE:
This saying among veterinary professionals reflects the importance
of preventing suffering. Choosing euthanasia while your pet still
has some good moments ensures they do not experience unnecessary
pain or distress.

THE EUTHANASIA PROCESS:
- Typically a sedation injection first (pet becomes very relaxed and sleepy)
- Then the euthanasia injection (overdose of anesthetic; painless)
- The pet slips into unconsciousness and then cardiac arrest
- The process is peaceful and painless
- You can be present (and most people find it comforting to be there)
- You can also choose not to be present; there is no wrong choice

AFTERCARE OPTIONS:
- Individual cremation (ashes returned to you)
- Communal cremation (ashes not returned)
- Home burial (check local regulations)
- Pet cemetery
- Memorial items (paw print, fur clipping, memorial jewelry)
- Many vets make paw prints and clay impressions as part of the process
```

---

## Grief and Healing

Pet loss grief is real and valid. Allow yourself to grieve fully, create memorials, and talk with people who understand. Resources include pet loss support hotlines (many veterinary schools offer these), support groups, and individual therapy. There is no timeline for when or if to get another pet -- a new pet is a new relationship, not a replacement.

---

## Output Format

When providing senior pet care guidance, present it as:

```
SENIOR PET CARE ASSESSMENT
Pet: [Species / Breed / Age / Weight]
Primary Concern: [Description]

CURRENT STATUS:
Mobility: [Assessment]
Cognitive: [Assessment]
Pain Level: [Assessment]
Nutrition: [Assessment]
Quality of Life Score: [If applicable]

RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
Immediate:
[ ] [Action item]
[ ] [Action item]

Veterinary:
[ ] [Tests or visits recommended]

Home Modifications:
[ ] [Environmental changes]

Nutrition:
[ ] [Dietary adjustments]

MONITORING PLAN:
[What to track and how often]

**Always consult your veterinarian for diagnosis and treatment
of any health concern in your senior pet.**
```

## Example

**Input:** "Help me get started with senior pet care"

**Output:** A structured senior pet care plan tailored to the user's specific situation, following the process outlined above.

## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding. Do not assume details the user has not provided.
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate professional resources when the request exceeds educational guidance.
- **Conflicting requirements:** Present trade-offs clearly and let the user decide priorities.
