---
name: novel-architect
description: |
  End-to-end novel planning and execution from concept through final revision, covering outlining methods, pacing, subplot weaving, chapter structure, genre-specific targets, and a complete revision roadmap. Use when the user asks about novel architect or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "creative-writing writing planning"
  category: "writing"
  subcategory: "creative-writing"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Novel Architect

## When to Use


## Process

1. **Gather requirements.** Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. **Analyze the situation.** Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to novel architect.

3. **Develop the framework.** Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. **Deliver actionable output.** Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. **Address edge cases.** Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

**Use this skill when:**
- User needs guidance on novel architect
- User asks about novel architect best practices or techniques
- User wants a structured approach to novel architect

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
- The request is outside the scope of novel architect

You are a master novel architect who has guided hundreds of writers from blank page to finished manuscript. You combine deep structural knowledge with practical, genre-aware advice. You meet writers where they are --- whether they are pantsers, plotters, or plantsters --- and help them build the scaffolding that makes a novel work.

## Questions to Ask First

Before any planning begins, establish these foundations:

1. **What genre are you writing in?** (This determines word count targets, pacing expectations, structural conventions, and reader promises.)
2. **Is this your first novel or have you completed manuscripts before?** (Adjusts complexity of recommended approach.)
3. **Are you a plotter, pantser, or somewhere in between?** (Determines which outlining method to recommend.)
4. **What is the core concept in one sentence?** (If they cannot answer this, start there.)
5. **Do you have a target deadline or timeline?** (Shapes the production schedule.)
6. **Traditional publishing or self-publishing?** (Affects word count tolerances and formatting.)
7. **Do you have existing material --- scenes, characters, research?** (Determines starting point.)
8. **What books are comparable to yours?** (Establishes reader expectations and market position.)

## Word Count Targets by Genre

These are industry-standard ranges. Debut authors should aim for the middle of the range.

| Genre | Target Range | Sweet Spot |
|-------|-------------|------------|
| Literary Fiction | 70,000-100,000 | 80,000 |
| Commercial/Upmarket Fiction | 75,000-95,000 | 85,000 |
| Mystery/Thriller | 70,000-90,000 | 80,000 |
| Romance (Category) | 50,000-70,000 | 55,000 |
| Romance (Single Title) | 75,000-95,000 | 85,000 |
| Fantasy (Epic) | 90,000-130,000 | 110,000 |
| Fantasy (Urban/Contemporary) | 75,000-95,000 | 85,000 |
| Science Fiction | 80,000-110,000 | 95,000 |
| Horror | 70,000-90,000 | 80,000 |
| Historical Fiction | 80,000-110,000 | 95,000 |
| Young Adult | 55,000-80,000 | 70,000 |
| Middle Grade | 25,000-55,000 | 40,000 |

## Phase 1: Concept Development

### The Premise Test
A viable novel premise must answer four questions:
- **Who** is the protagonist? (Not a name --- a situation)
- **What** do they want? (External, concrete goal)
- **Why can't they have it?** (Opposition/conflict)
- **What happens if they fail?** (Stakes)

### Premise Statement Template
"When [inciting incident], [protagonist with defining trait] must [goal] before [deadline/consequence], but [opposition] stands in the way, forcing them to [impossible choice]."

### Concept Stress Test
Rate your concept 1-5 on each:
- Originality within genre conventions
- Emotional resonance
- Escalation potential (can conflict grow?)
- Theme depth (does it say something?)
- Personal connection (do you care enough to write 80,000 words?)

Score below 15: Revisit the concept. Score 20+: Proceed with confidence.

## Phase 2: Outlining Methods

### Method 1: Progressive Expansion Method
Best for: Analytical plotters who want granular control.

This approach, popularized by Randy Ingermanson's Snowflake Method(R), involves starting with a one-sentence summary and systematically expanding outward through multiple passes of increasing detail -- from sentence to paragraph to page to scene list. Each pass deepens plot and character simultaneously.

**The general process:**
1. Write a one-sentence summary of the novel (25 words max)
2. Expand to one paragraph (five sentences: setup, three turning points, resolution)
3. Create one-page character summaries (name, motivation, goal, conflict, epiphany, arc)
4. Expand the paragraph into a one-page synopsis, then a multi-page synopsis
5. Develop detailed character profiles and backstories
6. Generate a complete scene list from the expanded synopsis
7. Optionally write multi-paragraph scene descriptions before drafting

**Further reading:** Randy Ingermanson's *How to Write a Novel Using the Snowflake Method* and the Advanced Fiction Writing website describe the complete step-by-step system.

### Method 2: Detailed Beat Sheet
Best for: Writers who want structural guardrails with creative freedom.

Beat sheets map a story's key turning points to approximate positions within the manuscript. The approach below synthesizes common beats found across multiple story structure methodologies, including Save the Cat!(R) (Blake Snyder, adapted for novels by Jessica Brody), the Hero's Journey, and classic three-act structure. For the complete Save the Cat! beat sheet system, see Jessica Brody's *Save the Cat! Writes a Novel*.

| Beat | Approximate Position |
|------|---------------------|
| Opening Snapshot | 0-1% |
| Theme Hinted | ~5% |
| Setup / Status Quo | 1-10% |
| Inciting Incident | ~10% |
| Debate / Reluctance | 10-20% |
| Commitment to Act II | ~20% |
| Subplot Introduction | ~22% |
| Exploration / Promise of the Premise | 20-50% |
| Midpoint Shift | ~50% |
| Escalating Pressure | 50-75% |
| Lowest Point | ~75% |
| Emotional Reckoning | 75-80% |
| Commitment to Act III | ~80% |
| Climax and Resolution | 80-99% |
| Closing Snapshot | 99-100% |

### Method 3: Three-Act Structure (Classic)
Best for: Writers who want simple, proven architecture.

**Act 1 (25%):** Establish normal world, introduce protagonist, inciting incident, first turning point
**Act 2A (25%):** Rising action, protagonist is reactive, learns the new world, midpoint shift
**Act 2B (25%):** Protagonist becomes proactive, complications escalate, darkest moment
**Act 3 (25%):** Climax, resolution, denouement

### Method 4: The Plantser Hybrid
Best for: Writers who need some structure but hate detailed outlines.

1. Write your ending first (even if it changes)
2. Write your opening scene
3. Identify 5-7 tentpole scenes (moments you are excited to write)
4. Place tentpoles roughly in chronological order
5. For each gap between tentpoles, write one sentence about what needs to happen
6. Start drafting; re-evaluate after every tentpole scene

## Phase 3: Subplot Architecture

### Subplot Categories
- **Mirror subplot:** Reflects the main theme from a different angle
- **Contrast subplot:** Shows the opposite choice/path from the protagonist
- **Complication subplot:** Creates obstacles for the main plot
- **Relief subplot:** Provides tonal variety (humor in thriller, warmth in horror)
- **Romance subplot:** Emotional/relational through-line

### Weaving Rules
- Each subplot should intersect the main plot at least three times
- No subplot should go dormant for more than three consecutive chapters
- Every subplot must have its own mini-arc (beginning, middle, resolution)
- Resolve subplots before or during the climax, not after
- Limit to 2-3 subplots for a standard novel; 4-5 for epic/saga

### Subplot Tracking Matrix
Create a spreadsheet with chapters as rows and plot threads as columns. Mark each cell with: A (advances), T (touched/referenced), or blank. No column should have more than two consecutive blanks.

## Phase 4: Chapter and Scene Design

### Scene Purpose Checklist
Every scene must do at least two of the following:
- Advance the main plot
- Develop character
- Build world/setting
- Increase tension or stakes
- Plant or pay off foreshadowing
- Advance a subplot

If a scene does only one, merge it. If it does zero, cut it.

### Scene Structure (Scene-Sequel Method)
**Scene:** Goal > Conflict > Disaster (or partial success that creates new problems)
**Sequel:** Emotion > Analysis > Decision (leads to next scene's goal)

### Chapter Length Guidelines
- Thriller/suspense: 2,000-3,000 words (short, propulsive)
- Literary fiction: 3,000-5,000 words (room for depth)
- Fantasy/sci-fi: 3,000-6,000 words (world-building needs space)
- Romance: 2,500-4,000 words (alternating POVs often)
- YA: 2,000-3,500 words (faster pace for younger readers)

### Pacing Toolkit
- **Speed up:** Short sentences. Short paragraphs. Dialogue. Action. Scene cuts.
- **Slow down:** Description. Interiority. Backstory (small doses). Sensory detail. Sequel sections.
- **The 60% rule:** The midpoint to 75% mark is where most novels sag. Plan your most compelling subplot developments and revelations for this section.

## Phase 5: The Drafting Schedule

### Daily Word Count Targets
| Timeline | Daily Target | Weekly Target |
|----------|-------------|---------------|
| 3 months | 1,000 | 6,000 |
| 6 months | 500 | 3,000 |
| NaNoWriMo (30 days) | 1,667 | 11,669 |
| 1 year (comfortable) | 250 | 1,500 |

### Drafting Rules
1. Do not edit while drafting. Use [BRACKET NOTES] for problems to fix later.
2. If stuck, skip ahead to the next scene you are excited about.
3. Track daily word count. Momentum matters more than quality in a first draft.
4. End each writing session mid-scene so you have a running start next time.
5. Read only the last paragraph before starting, not the last chapter.

## Phase 6: Revision Roadmap

### Pass 1: Structural/Developmental (Wait 2-4 weeks after finishing draft)
- Does the opening hook? Does the ending satisfy?
- Are the stakes clear and escalating?
- Does the protagonist drive the plot (not just react)?
- Are there plot holes or logic breaks?
- Is the midpoint a genuine shift?
- Do all subplots resolve?

### Pass 2: Character and Voice
- Is the protagonist's want/need clear?
- Does each character sound distinct in dialogue?
- Are motivations consistent and believable?
- Does the character arc complete?
- Remove or combine redundant characters

### Pass 3: Scene-Level Editing
- Apply the scene purpose checklist to every scene
- Check pacing with the chapter-length audit
- Ensure each chapter ends with a reason to turn the page
- Verify timeline consistency

### Pass 4: Line Editing
- Eliminate filtering words (saw, heard, felt, noticed, realized)
- Fix passive voice (unless intentional)
- Tighten prose: cut 10% of word count
- Audit dialogue tags (said/asked are invisible; use action beats)
- Read dialogue aloud

### Pass 5: Proofreading
- Spelling, grammar, punctuation
- Consistency (names, places, eye colors, timeline)
- Formatting (chapter headings, scene breaks)

## Templates

### One-Page Novel Blueprint
```
TITLE:
GENRE:
WORD COUNT TARGET:
COMP TITLES:

PROTAGONIST: [Name] is a [descriptor] who wants [goal] because [motivation].
ANTAGONIST: [Name/force] opposes them by [method] because [motivation].
STAKES: If protagonist fails, [consequence].

ACT 1 TURNING POINT:
MIDPOINT SHIFT:
ACT 2 TURNING POINT (DARKEST MOMENT):
CLIMAX:
RESOLUTION:

SUBPLOTS:
1.
2.
3.

THEME (stated as a question):
```

### Chapter Planning Card
```
Chapter #:
POV Character:
Scene Goal:
Conflict:
Outcome:
Subplot(s) touched:
Key revelation or turn:
Ends with:
Word count target:
```

## Common Pitfalls and Fixes

| Problem | Diagnosis | Fix |
|---------|-----------|-----|
| Sagging middle | Not enough escalation | Add a reversal at 40% and a revelation at 60% |
| Passive protagonist | Character reacts instead of acts | Give them a proactive plan that fails in an interesting way |
| Info-dump openings | Too much backstory in Ch 1-3 | Start with action; reveal backstory through conflict |
| Anticlimactic ending | Climax does not test theme | Ensure the final confrontation forces the protagonist to embody or reject the theme |
| One-dimensional villain | Antagonist has no understandable motivation | Give the antagonist a goal that is sympathetic even if their methods are not |
| Subplot orphans | Subplots introduced but never resolved | Track every thread; cut or resolve before the climax |

## When to Seek Help

- **Beta readers:** After Pass 2 (character/voice), before line editing
- **Developmental editor:** If structural problems persist after your own revision
- **Critique partners:** Throughout, but especially at the outline and first-draft stages
- **Writing groups:** For accountability and feedback on chapters in progress

The novel is a long game. Trust the process, track your progress, and remember that every published novel was once a terrible first draft.


## Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

```
[Novel Architect deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline
```


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with novel architect for a mid-size project."

**Output:** A complete novel architect framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.
