---
name: school-readiness-prep
description: |
  Provides pre-kindergarten readiness checklists covering academic foundations, social-emotional skills, self-care abilities, and first-day preparation logistics. Produces structured skill-building activity plans and a first-day preparation checklist.
  Use when the user asks about preparing a child for kindergarten, pre-school readiness skills, first day of school preparation, or what a child should know before starting school.
  Do NOT use for diagnosing learning delays, clinical school readiness assessments, or creating formal educational curriculum.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "parenting checklist planning"
  category: "family-relationships"
  subcategory: "parenting"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "beginner"
---
# School Readiness Prep

## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- A parent or caregiver asks what their child should know before starting kindergarten or pre-K
- A user wants a structured checklist of developmental skills to work on before school starts
- A user is preparing for a first day of school and needs both logistical and emotional preparation guidance
- A parent is worried that their child is "behind" or "not ready" and wants a concrete picture of where the child stands
- A user wants playful, low-pressure home activities to build specific school-readiness skills
- A parent is asking about what kindergarten teachers actually expect on the first day
- A caregiver preparing a child who has never been in any structured care (daycare, preschool) and is going directly from home to kindergarten
- A parent wants to practice separation before school starts due to anticipatory anxiety (their own or the child's)

**Do NOT use when:**
- The user describes specific delays in speech, language, motor skills, or behavior that are outside typical developmental ranges -- recommend a pediatric evaluation and/or speech-language assessment before focusing on school readiness activities (these require clinical skill sets)
- The user asks whether to hold a child back ("redshirting") -- this is a complex decision involving the child's birthday, the school's cutoff date, the specific school culture, and input from the child's preschool teachers and pediatrician; provide context but do not recommend a course of action
- The user is asking about formal school readiness testing or screening instruments (the Brigance Kindergarten Screen, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, or a district's developmental screening) -- refer them to the school district's assessment process
- The user needs a full home-based pre-K curriculum with scope and sequence, lesson plans, and learning objectives -- use an education curriculum planning skill instead
- The user is asking about a child with an identified IEP (Individualized Education Program) or 504 plan -- school readiness in that context involves specific legal rights, transition planning, and coordination with early intervention services that are outside this skill's scope
- The user wants academic enrichment for a child who is already reading and performing beyond grade level -- this is academic extension planning, not readiness prep

---

## Process

### Step 1: Gather Context Before Building Anything

Before presenting a checklist or plan, ask for the four most important variables. Do not produce a generic plan without them.

- **Age and birthdate relative to the school's enrollment cutoff.** A child who turns 5 one week before the cutoff faces a qualitatively different kindergarten experience than one who turns 5 nine months before. Most states have cutoff dates of September 1, though this varies. A child who is 4 years 8 months when school starts is developmentally different from one who is 5 years 4 months.
- **Type of school and program.** Public kindergarten, private school, Montessori, Reggio-inspired, Waldorf, dual-language immersion, and developmental kindergarten each have different expectations. A traditional academic public kindergarten in a high-performing district may expect more academic skills at entry than a play-based program.
- **Current care and educational experience.** A child who has attended a licensed preschool 5 days per week for two years has already internalized circle time, classroom transitions, following group instructions, and managing materials. A child coming from full-time home care with a parent needs these experiences introduced. This changes the entire focus of the plan.
- **Specific concerns from the parent.** Ask explicitly: "Is there any area -- academic, social, emotional, or physical -- that you're worried about, or that teachers or family members have mentioned?" Parents often have accurate instincts and have observations that shape which readiness domains to prioritize.

### Step 2: Map the Child Against the Four Readiness Domains

Present the four readiness domains and make clear that kindergarten teachers and early childhood researchers consistently rate **social-emotional and self-care skills as more predictive of early school success than academic skills.** Research from the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) and the work of developmental psychologist Walter Gilliam consistently finds that children are far more likely to be removed from kindergarten for behavioral/social reasons than for academic reasons.

**Domain 1 -- Academic Foundations**
The following are realistic kindergarten entry expectations based on the Common Core State Standards Kindergarten standards and National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) guidance. These are typical entry-level ranges, not requirements:
- Letter recognition: 10--20 uppercase letters is typical. Knowing all 26 is an advantage but not required.
- Letter-sound correspondence: Beginning sounds for common letters (B says /b/, S says /s/) is where instruction begins. Full phonics is taught in kindergarten.
- Name writing: First name in uppercase is the standard entry expectation. Mixed case or lowercase is above average. If the child can produce letter-like forms that roughly resemble their name, that is developmentally appropriate.
- Number recognition: 1--10 is typical entry. Recognizing numbers to 20 is strong.
- 1-to-1 counting correspondence: Touching and counting 10 objects accurately is a key readiness marker -- more meaningful than rote counting to high numbers.
- Holding a writing implement: A 3-finger (tripod) grip or 4-finger grip is the goal. Fisted grip or palm grip should be gently shaped before school starts because it is harder to correct once habits are formed.
- Rhyme awareness: Recognizing that "cat" and "hat" rhyme (even if the child cannot generate rhymes) is an important phonological awareness marker linked to reading readiness.

**Domain 2 -- Social-Emotional Skills**
These skills are the strongest predictors of kindergarten success according to longitudinal research (including the Perry Preschool Project and the Abecedarian Project):
- Ability to separate from the primary caregiver for 2+ hours without sustained distress
- Taking turns and waiting (in a group of 20+ children, a child may wait 10 minutes for their "turn")
- Following a 2-step verbal instruction from an unfamiliar adult
- Using words -- not hitting, biting, or throwing -- to express frustration or need
- Entering peer play: making a bid to join an activity rather than hovering or grabbing
- Tolerating transitions with a warning ("In 5 minutes we're cleaning up")
- Understanding basic classroom rules without needing 1-on-1 redirection each time

**Domain 3 -- Self-Care Skills**
These are the most under-prepared skills in upper-middle-class households where parents frequently over-help. A kindergarten teacher with 20--25 students cannot assist each child individually with the bathroom, lunch, or dressing. A child who cannot manage these tasks independently will experience embarrassment and anxiety:
- Bathroom independence: wiping after a bowel movement, flushing, pulling up pants/fastening them, washing hands in the complete sequence
- Opening every type of container in their lunch: zippered bags, thermos lids (often very stiff for small hands), chip clips, fruit pouches, water bottle lids (especially sport-top bottles)
- Dressing: putting on and removing a coat, managing a zipper (not just snapping), putting on shoes -- Velcro is fine in early kindergarten but practice tying by mid-year
- Managing a backpack: unzipping the main compartment, finding items inside, replacing items, zipping it back
- Blowing their nose with a tissue and discarding it (runny noses in classrooms are constant)

**Domain 4 -- Behavioral and Routine Skills**
- Sustaining attention on a chosen activity for 10--15 minutes (this is a realistic kindergarten expectation; circle time is typically 15--20 minutes in length)
- Following a predictable daily schedule with transitions
- Sitting in a whole-group setting (on the rug or at a table) without needing to move constantly -- this is not about suppressing all movement, but about having enough body regulation to participate
- Raising a hand or waiting before speaking
- Cleaning up materials and putting them away

### Step 3: Assess Current Status for Each Skill

For every skill, apply a 3-level status:
- **Mastered:** Does it independently and consistently across settings and with unfamiliar adults
- **Developing:** Does it sometimes, with prompting, or only with familiar adults/at home
- **Not Yet Started:** Has not demonstrated this skill; needs direct practice

Apply a 4th marker for specific skills: **Not applicable to this child's context** (e.g., if the child attends preschool already, group instruction following may already be mastered and documented).

### Step 4: Prioritize Based on Time Available and Domain Weights

Research consistently identifies the highest-impact preparation targets. Rank the child's gaps using this priority order:
1. Separation readiness -- if this is underdeveloped and school starts in 6 weeks, it is the single most important thing to work on
2. Self-care gaps -- bathroom independence and lunch container management are immediately quality-of-life impacting on Day 1
3. Social-emotional skills -- turn-taking, frustration tolerance, entering peer play
4. Routine and behavioral skills -- sustained attention, transition tolerance
5. Academic skills -- these have the lowest urgency because kindergarten is designed to teach them

If school starts in more than 3 months, all domains can be addressed. If school starts in 4--8 weeks, focus exclusively on Priorities 1 and 2. Do not create anxiety by making parents feel they must cover everything.

Build a realistic timeline: children can make meaningful progress on a single skill in 2--4 weeks of consistent daily practice of 10--15 minutes. Do not schedule more than 2--3 focus skills per week.

### Step 5: Build the Skill-Building Activity Plan

For each "Developing" or "Not Yet Started" skill, provide a specific playful activity. The key design principle is **embedding practice in existing daily routines rather than creating drill sessions.** Research on early childhood learning (Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, play-based learning frameworks) consistently shows that children ages 3--6 learn best through play, repetition in natural contexts, and warm adult engagement -- not flashcard drills.

Use these embedding principles:
- **Mealtime embedding:** Counting objects (berries, crackers), color naming, opening containers, conversation turn-taking
- **Physical play embedding:** Letter shapes in sidewalk chalk, counting steps, rhyming games while jumping, name writing in sand
- **Book-based embedding:** Letter spotting during read-aloud, predicting rhymes, discussing character emotions
- **Morning routine embedding:** Child manages their own backpack, shoes, coat independently every single morning -- this builds automaticity faster than any structured practice
- **Errand embedding:** Letter hunt on signs, counting items in the grocery store, color naming in the environment

Calibrate activity length to the child's age. For a 4.5--5 year old, 10--15 minutes of focused activity is the realistic upper limit. Multiple short bursts across the day are more effective than one 30-minute session.

### Step 6: Build the First-Day Preparation Checklist

Divide into three timeframes:

**1--3 Months Before School:**
- Complete registration paperwork, immunization records, and any required forms
- Buy supplies per the school's specific list and label everything (name + classroom)
- Establish the transportation plan and physically practice it -- walk the route, ride the bus on a dry run if allowed, identify the pickup zone
- Buy the exact lunch containers the child will use and practice opening them daily with a full meal simulation
- Identify if a comfort item is allowed in the backpack (a small photo of the family is typically permitted even when toys are not)

**2--4 Weeks Before School:**
- Schedule a school visit before the first day -- many schools offer orientation or allow families to walk the building. Locate the bathroom from the classroom, find the water fountain, identify the playground. Familiarity with physical space dramatically reduces first-day anxiety.
- Read 3--5 books about starting school. Strong, research-supported titles include books that normalize mixed feelings (both excitement and worry are valid), show a child successfully navigating a goodbye, and depict school as a place that is safe and predictable.
- Role-play the school day at home: circle time practice, "pretend lunch," lining up, following a teacher's direction
- Practice the morning routine at school-day wake times for 5--7 consecutive days before school starts. A child who has been sleeping until 8am will not smoothly transition to a 6:30am wake-up on Day 1.
- Establish and practice the goodbye ritual (see below)

**The Week Before School:**
- Do a "dress rehearsal" morning: full morning routine, pack the backpack, drive or walk to school, identify the entry point, then come home
- Shift sleep schedule: move bedtime 15 minutes earlier over 5 nights to land at the target bedtime 2 nights before school starts
- Prepare the child's clothes, backpack, and lunch the night before -- the morning of should have zero logistical decisions

**Morning Of:**
- Execute the practiced routine with no changes or surprises
- Arrive 5--10 minutes early so the child can enter a less-crowded space and settle before the rush
- Do the goodbye ritual at the designated drop-off point -- not extended, not improvised
- Leave promptly and with confidence -- sustained, hesitant goodbyes significantly increase and prolong separation distress in children (research by attachment theorist John Bowlby and subsequent early childhood separation studies supports this consistently)

### Step 7: Deliver the Output and Normalize the Journey

Close every readiness plan with an explicit normalizing message for the parent. The most common parental error is treating kindergarten entry as a test the child must pass. Research is clear: children across a very wide range of entry skill levels reach the same academic and social outcomes by the end of second grade when they attend quality kindergarten programs. The goal of this plan is to build confidence and reduce avoidable first-day friction -- not to arrive at kindergarten "ahead."

Address the parent's specific stated concern directly in the closing note. If they said "I'm worried he won't be ready," explicitly tell them what you see in the data: where the child is strong, what can be built in the time available, and what kindergarten teachers are fully prepared to teach.

---

## Output Format

```
## School Readiness Plan: [Child's Name / Age / School Start Date]

### Context Summary
- **Age at school start:** [X years, X months]
- **Program type:** [Public K / Private / Montessori / Pre-K / etc.]
- **Prior structured experience:** [Preschool 5 days/week / Home care / Part-time daycare / etc.]
- **Time until school starts:** [X weeks / X months]
- **Priority focus areas:** [List top 2-3 based on assessment]

---

### Readiness Checklist

#### Domain 1: Academic Foundations
| Skill | Status | Activity to Build |
|-------|--------|-------------------|
| Recognizes 10+ uppercase letters | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Knows beginning sounds for common letters | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Writes first name (any case) | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Counts 1--20 by rote | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Counts 10 objects with 1-to-1 correspondence | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Recognizes written numerals 1--10 | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Names 8+ colors | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Names 4+ basic shapes | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Holds pencil/crayon with tripod or 4-finger grip | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Recognizes rhyming word pairs | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |

#### Domain 2: Social-Emotional Skills
| Skill | Status | Activity to Build |
|-------|--------|-------------------|
| Separates from caregiver for 2+ hours | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Takes turns in a structured game | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Follows 2-step verbal direction from unfamiliar adult | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Expresses needs and frustration with words | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Enters peer play with a verbal bid | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Tolerates activity transition with a 5-minute warning | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Plays cooperatively with 1+ peers for 10 minutes | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |

#### Domain 3: Self-Care Skills
| Skill | Status | Activity to Build |
|-------|--------|-------------------|
| Uses bathroom independently (wipe, flush, wash) | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Washes hands with soap for 20 seconds | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Opens all lunch containers independently | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Manages water bottle independently | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Puts on and removes coat with zipper | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Puts on shoes independently (Velcro or tied) | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Manages backpack (open, retrieve, repack, close) | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Blows nose with tissue and disposes of it | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |

#### Domain 4: Behavioral and Routine Skills
| Skill | Status | Activity to Build |
|-------|--------|-------------------|
| Sustains attention on one activity for 10--15 minutes | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Follows predictable daily schedule | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Sits in group setting without constant movement | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Waits before speaking (hand raise or pause) | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |
| Cleans up and puts materials away | Mastered / Developing / Not Yet | [specific activity] |

---

### Priority Skills (Top 3 Focus Areas)
Based on the checklist above, concentrate first on:
1. **[Skill]** -- [Why it's highest priority]
2. **[Skill]** -- [Why it's second priority]
3. **[Skill]** -- [Why it's third priority]

---

### Skill-Building Weekly Activity Plan
| Week | Focus Skills | Daily Activity (10--15 min) | Embedding Opportunity |
|------|-------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------|
| [Week/Month] | [Skill 1, Skill 2] | [Specific activity] | [Routine to embed in] |
| [Week/Month] | [Skill 1, Skill 2] | [Specific activity] | [Routine to embed in] |
| [Week/Month] | [Skill 1, Skill 2] | [Specific activity] | [Routine to embed in] |
| Final Week | Routine simulation | Full morning dress rehearsal daily | Morning routine |

---

### First-Day Preparation Checklist

**Logistical Preparation ([X weeks/months] before school):**
- [ ] [Task]
- [ ] [Task]

**Emotional and Familiarity Preparation (2--4 weeks before):**
- [ ] [Task]
- [ ] [Task]

**Sleep and Routine Adjustment (1 week before):**
- [ ] [Task]
- [ ] [Task]

**Night Before:**
- [ ] [Task]
- [ ] [Task]

**Morning Of:**
- [ ] [Task]
- [ ] [Task]

---

### Goodbye Ritual Script
Keep this identical every day. The repetition itself is the reassurance.
> "[Short, warm, specific script -- no longer than 3--4 sentences]"

**After the ritual:** Walk away with confidence. Do not linger, return, or watch from a distance.
Teachers are trained to manage post-goodbye distress. Most children regulate within 5--10 minutes.

---

### A Note to the Parent
[Personalized normalizing message that addresses the parent's specific concern, names the child's strengths from the checklist, and frames kindergarten as the place where learning happens -- not the finish line children must already have crossed.]
```

---

## Rules

1. **Never frame any readiness skill as pass/fail or as a cutoff the child must meet.** The language must always be developmental -- "where most children are at this age" rather than "what a child must know." Parental anxiety about kindergarten readiness is well-documented and can itself interfere with healthy preparation.

2. **Always state explicitly that kindergarten teachers expect to teach kindergarten content.** Common Core Kindergarten Standards assume no letter-sound knowledge at entry. A child who arrives knowing zero letters is not behind -- they are exactly at the starting point for which kindergarten is designed.

3. **Prioritize self-care and separation over academic skills when time is short.** A child who cannot manage their bathroom needs independently will experience daily distress regardless of how many letters they know. This is the most under-weighted domain by anxious academic-focused parents.

4. **Never recommend rote drills, flashcards, or worksheet-based academic practice for pre-K children.** This age learns through play, movement, repetition in meaningful contexts, and warm relational engagement. Drill-based practice at this age produces anxiety and learned helplessness, not mastery.

5. **Be specific about what "developing" means in a real classroom.** Kindergarten classes have 18--25 children and one teacher. "Following directions" does not mean a child needs individual redirection -- the teacher will give group directions and expect compliance within a minute. A child who needs 1-on-1 instruction for every transition will struggle, and self-care gaps mean the teacher loses instructional time for the entire class.

6. **Include a goodbye ritual in every first-day plan -- this is not optional.** Separation is the most acute source of first-day distress for children ages 4--6. A scripted, brief, warm, and consistent goodbye ritual is the single most evidence-backed behavioral strategy for reducing separation distress. It must be practiced at home before the first day.

7. **Build in a sleep schedule adjustment for every child.** Kindergarten start times are typically 7:45--9:00am. Children who have been home or in flexible-schedule daycare frequently go to bed and wake on a shifted schedule. A child who has been waking at 8am cannot successfully transition to a 6:30am school wake-up in one day. Start shifting bedtime 2--3 weeks before school.

8. **When the child has been in preschool 5 days per week, adjust the focus.** Do not re-present all four domains equally. Acknowledge the preschool experience directly: "Since he's been in preschool full-time, the social and routine skills are likely already in place -- let's focus on self-care gaps and any specific academic skills you're noticing." This saves time and avoids insulting or frustrating parents who know their child is socially prepared.

9. **When the user mentions a specific concern, lead with that domain.** A parent who says "I'm worried about separation anxiety" should receive a detailed graduated separation plan as the first and most prominent output -- not item 7 in a generic checklist. The specific concern is almost always the highest-leverage place to work.

10. **Do not use the word "normal" as a standalone reassurance.** "That's totally normal!" is dismissive. Instead, provide the specific developmental context: "Letter-writing at this age typically develops between ages 4 and 6, and most kindergarten teachers expect children to be in the early stages -- tracing, approximating, or producing some recognizable letters -- not to arrive with fluent handwriting." Specific information is reassuring; vague reassurance is not.

11. **Address the parent's wellbeing as well as the child's.** Research from Marsha Weinraub and others on maternal separation anxiety shows that a parent's own difficulty separating significantly amplifies child separation distress. The goodbye ritual instruction should include explicit guidance for the parent: walk away with calm confidence, do not cry at drop-off, do not return to peek, and contact the school by phone (not in person) if concerned after 30 minutes.

12. **Always note the physical environment familiarity strategy.** Children with high novelty sensitivity -- common in children with limited group care experience -- benefit enormously from a pre-school visit. Even 10 minutes walking the hallway, finding the bathroom, and touching the playground equipment before Day 1 measurably reduces first-day anxiety. This is low-effort and high-impact and should appear in every plan.

---

## Edge Cases

**Child Has a Summer Birthday (Turns 5 in June, July, or August for a September Start)**
This child will be among the youngest in their class and will remain so for their entire school career. The research on relative age effects in education (Gladwell popularized this from work by economists Bedard and Dhuey) is robust: the youngest children in a kindergarten cohort are statistically more likely to be referred for ADHD evaluation, less likely to be identified as gifted, and more likely to repeat a grade -- not because of real developmental differences, but because of the comparison to classmates who are up to 12 months older. This does not mean holding back is the right choice -- that decision is highly individual. What it means for this skill:
- Weight social-emotional readiness more heavily than academics in the plan
- Normalize that the child will be smaller, younger-seeming, and may have a slightly shorter attention window than classmates -- this is not a problem to fix, it is a context to prepare for
- Focus extra attention on self-regulation skills (impulse control, frustration tolerance, waiting) because these develop with maturation as much as with practice
- If the parent asks about "redshirting" (delaying kindergarten entry by a year), do not recommend either path. Lay out the real considerations: academic research is mixed on long-term benefits of redshirting; social fit with age-group peers is a factor; some programs offer transitional kindergarten (TK) as a middle path; and the child's specific profile matters most. Refer to the school, the child's preschool teacher, and the pediatrician for a decision of this kind.

**Child Has Never Been in Any Group Care (Coming Directly From Home to Kindergarten)**
This is increasingly common. The skill level and social preparation of home-raised children varies enormously -- some have exceptional one-on-one language development but zero experience with group norms. Specific adaptations:
- Add "group experience" activities to the plan: story time at the public library (child sits with a group of peers and follows a librarian's instructions), gym class or sports programs, playdates structured around turn-taking games rather than parallel play
- The self-care domain is especially important to assess -- parents who have been available at all times to help with zippers, bathroom, and lunch need to begin actively stepping back 2--3 months before school
- Role-play "circle time" at home: sit on the floor together, the parent leads a brief 10-minute session with songs, a book, and a question-and-answer activity. This gives the child a mental model of the group instruction format

**Child Is Showing Significant Separation Anxiety**
If a parent describes current separation distress that is already functionally impairing (child cannot attend birthday parties, have a playdate without the parent, stay with grandparents), this is qualitatively different from typical first-day jitters and may benefit from professional support before school starts. However, without diagnosing, the plan should include a graduated separation protocol:
- Week 1: 30-minute separation with a trusted non-parent adult (grandparent, neighbor) with parent out of sight but nearby
- Week 2: 1-hour separation with same trusted adult, parent completely away
- Week 3: 2-hour separation with a slightly less familiar adult
- Week 4: 3-hour separation, ideally with 1--2 peers present (structured playdate)
- The goodbye ritual must be established and practiced in this graduated context, not just on Day 1
- If the anxiety is severe (child becomes physically ill, has panic-like responses, cannot be regulated within 20 minutes), gently note that a child psychologist or school counselor consultation before school starts can make an enormous difference

**Bilingual or Multilingual Child**
A child who has been raised in a home where Spanish, Mandarin, Hindi, or any other language is the primary language will be assessed and instructed in English in most U.S. public kindergarten programs. Important considerations:
- Academic skills the child has in their home language are real skills -- they transfer. Letter-sound awareness in Spanish transfers directly to English phonics. Counting in Cantonese represents real mathematical understanding. Do not tell parents their child is "behind" because they know these skills in a non-English language.
- The school should be informed of the child's home language at registration. Federal law (Title III and IDEA) entitles families to information about their child's education in their primary language.
- Dual-language learners often appear to have smaller vocabularies in each language individually when assessed in only one language -- this is normal bilingual development, not a deficit. Their total conceptual vocabulary (combined across both languages) is comparable to monolingual peers.
- Preparation specific to this context: practice English vocabulary for school routines -- "bathroom," "water," "help please," "I don't understand" -- because these are the functional phrases a child needs to navigate the first weeks independently even with limited English fluency

**Child Is Joining an Established Classroom Mid-Year**
This is a significantly higher-anxiety scenario than a September start. Every child in the room already knows each other, the classroom rules, the routines, and the teacher's expectations. The new child is visibly the outsider. Specific additions to the plan:
- Social entry skills deserve their own section: practice the exact phrase "Can I play with you?" or "Can I sit here?" at home until it is automatic -- children who hover without speaking are often left out not because of rejection but because they never made a verbal entry bid
- Ask the teacher in advance to assign a classroom "buddy" for the first week
- Visit the classroom before the first day to meet the teacher and see the physical space
- Expect the first 2--4 weeks to be harder than a September start -- the child is integrating into an established social system with peer relationships already formed. This is normal and resolves as the child becomes known.

**Parent Is Anxious (More Than the Child Seems to Be)**
This is common, and parental anxiety is a primary driver of child anxiety in the school transition literature. Signs: the parent is asking many "what if" questions, describing catastrophic outcomes ("What if he has an accident and the kids laugh at him?"), or indicating they are planning to stay outside the school for the first several days.
- Validate the parent's feelings briefly and specifically, then redirect to the concrete plan: "It makes complete sense to feel this way -- this is a big transition for you both. The most helpful thing you can do is practice the goodbye ritual until it feels automatic for him, and then trust the teacher to handle the rest."
- Explicitly tell the parent: most kindergarten teachers report that children who cry at drop-off are calm and engaged within 5--10 minutes. This is a reliable pattern, not wishful thinking.
- Suggest the parent plan something for themselves in the first hour after drop-off -- coffee with a friend, a walk, any activity that prevents them from sitting anxiously by the phone. This is a real clinical recommendation from early childhood transition counselors.

---

## Example

**Input:** "My daughter just turned 5 in July and is starting kindergarten at our public school in September. She's been home with me since birth -- no preschool, no daycare. She's bright and loves books, knows most of her letters, and can count to 30. But she's never really been away from me for more than an hour, and I honestly don't know how either of us will handle drop-off. I'm also not sure she can zip her own coat or open her lunch box. School starts in 8 weeks."

---

## School Readiness Plan: Daughter, Age 5 Years 1 Month -- Starting Kindergarten in 8 Weeks

### Context Summary
- **Age at school start:** 5 years 1 month (July birthday -- among youngest in her cohort)
- **Program type:** Public kindergarten
- **Prior structured experience:** None -- home care since birth
- **Time until school starts:** 8 weeks
- **Priority focus areas:** (1) Separation readiness -- this is the most urgent given no prior separation experience; (2) Self-care gaps (coat zipper, lunch containers); (3) Group experience and routine familiarity

---

### Readiness Checklist

#### Domain 1: Academic Foundations
| Skill | Status | Activity to Build |
|-------|--------|-------------------|
| Recognizes 10+ uppercase letters | **Mastered** | Already there -- she knows most of her letters |
| Knows beginning sounds for common letters | **Developing** | During read-aloud, ask "What sound does this word start with?" |
| Writes first name | **Developing** | Sidewalk chalk name writing, sand tray tracing, name in playdough |
| Counts 1--30 by rote | **Mastered** | Already there |
| Counts 10 objects with 1-to-1 correspondence | **Developing** | Count blueberries at breakfast, count steps going upstairs |
| Recognizes written numerals 1--10 | **Developing** | Point out numbers on signs, pages, and food packaging |
| Names 8+ colors | **Likely Mastered** | Confirm during normal conversation |
| Names basic shapes | **Likely Mastered** | Confirm; shape-hunt on a walk if needed |
| Holds pencil with tripod or 4-finger grip | **Unknown -- Assess** | Observe her drawing; if fisted or palm-gripping, short fat crayons naturally encourage tripod grip |
| Recognizes rhyming word pairs | **Developing** | Rhyming games in the car: "Does dog rhyme with log? Does cat rhyme with cup?" |

**Academic summary:** She is in excellent shape academically. She is at or above typical kindergarten entry level in most areas. Academic skills are not the focus of this plan.

---

#### Domain 2: Social-Emotional Skills
| Skill | Status | Activity to Build |
|-------|--------|-------------------|
| Separates from caregiver for 2+ hours | **Not Yet** | Graduated separation plan (see Priority 1 below) |
| Takes turns in a structured game | **Developing** | Board games at home: Candy Land, Zingo, Sequence for Kids |
| Follows 2-step direction from unfamiliar adult | **Not Yet** | Library story time, gym class -- practice with unfamiliar adults |
| Expresses needs and frustration with words | **Developing** | Practice "I need help," "I don't understand," "Can I have a turn?" |
| Enters peer play with a verbal bid | **Not Yet** | Practice the phrase: "Can I play with you?" -- role-play at home |
| Tolerates transition with 5-minute warning | **Developing** | Use 5-minute warnings consistently at home starting now |
| Plays cooperatively with peers for 10 minutes | **Developing** | Structured playdates 1--2x per week with consistent partners |

---

#### Domain 3: Self-Care Skills
| Skill | Status | Activity to Build |
|-------|--------|-------------------|
| Uses bathroom independently (wipe, flush, wash) | **Developing** | Practice the full sequence independently -- step back from helping |
| Washes hands with soap for 20 seconds | **Developing** | Sing one verse of "Happy Birthday" twice while scrubbing |
| Opens all lunch containers independently | **Not Yet** | Buy the exact lunch items she'll use. Practice at lunch every day. Start with easier ones (zip-close bags) and work toward thermos lids and sport water bottles |
| Manages water bottle independently | **Not Yet** | Buy the water bottle the school allows now -- sport-top bottles with stiff valves need practice |
| Puts on coat with zipper | **Not Yet** | Practice every day during the 8 weeks. Use the "flip trick": coat on the floor, child puts arms in from the top, flips it over the head -- eliminates the starting-the-zipper problem |
| Puts on shoes independently | **Developing** | Velcro is fine for September. Practice independently every morning. |
| Manages backpack (open, retrieve, repack, close) | **Not Yet** | Get the backpack this week. Daily practice: pack it, unpack it, repack it. Make it the one thing she does independently every morning. |
| Blows nose with tissue and disposes of it | **Developing** | Practice nose-blowing independently; keep tissues accessible at home |

---

#### Domain 4: Behavioral and Routine Skills
| Skill | Status | Activity to Build |
|-------|--------|-------------------|
| Sustains attention on one activity for 10--15 minutes | **Developing** | She likely does this with books. Extend to puzzles, drawing, building -- activities with a clear endpoint |
| Follows a predictable daily schedule | **Developing** | Establish school-day rhythm now: set wake time, morning routine, activity time, lunch, quiet time, afternoon activity |
| Sits in group setting | **Not Yet** | Library story time is the best available practice for this |
| Waits before speaking | **Developing** | At dinner, practice "raise your hand before you add something" as a fun game |
| Cleans up materials | **Developing** | 5-minute cleanup alarm before every transition. Make it non-negotiable. |

---

### Priority Skills: 8-Week Focus

Given 8 weeks until school starts, concentrate exclusively here:

**Priority 1: Separation Readiness -- Start This Week**
This is the single most important thing to work on. Eight weeks is enough time to build solid separation tolerance with a graduated approach. Here is the exact plan:

- **Weeks 1--2:** 1-hour separations with a trusted non-parent adult (grandparent, aunt, close family friend). Parent is away -- not nearby, not reachable by the child. Practice the goodbye ritual (see below) every single time.
- **Weeks 3--4:** 2-hour separations with the same trusted adults. If possible, introduce a slightly less familiar adult (neighbor, family friend).
- **Weeks 5--6:** 3-hour separations. Aim to include a peer -- a playdate at a friend's house where the parent drops off and leaves.
- **Weeks 7--8:** Full morning (3--4 hour) separations. If the school offers any preview day or orientation, attend and use the goodbye ritual at drop-off.

Practice the goodbye ritual at home before every separation so it is automatic by Day 1.

**Priority 2: Self-Care -- Lunch Container and Coat Zipper -- Start This Week**
Buy the exact lunch containers now. Sit down for lunch and require her to open everything herself. Do not help unless she asks -- and when she asks, guide without doing it for her. This skill requires 20--30 repetitions to build automaticity in a 5-year-old. Eight weeks of daily lunch practice will get there.

For the coat zipper, practice daily during the first 4 weeks. Use the "flip trick" if starting the zipper is the sticking point. Five minutes per morning.

**Priority 3: Group Experience and Unfamiliar Adults -- Start Week 2**
Sign up for library story time immediately. This is free, widely available, and is explicitly designed as a group sit-down experience led by an unfamiliar adult. Attend weekly. This simultaneously builds group instruction tolerance, exposure to unfamiliar adult authority, and the experience of sitting in a peer group -- all three of the social gaps identified above.

---

### Skill-Building Weekly Activity Plan

| Week | Focus Skills | Daily Activity (10--15 min) | Embedding Opportunity |
|------|-------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------|
| Weeks 1--2 | Separation (1 hr), lunch containers, backpack | Daily lunch practice with all containers; backpack pack/unpack; first 1-hr separation | Every lunch; every morning departure |
| Weeks 3--4 | Separation (2 hr), coat zipper, library story time | Zipper practice each morning; attend library story time 1x/week; 2-hr separations 2x/week | Morning routine; weekly outing |
| Weeks 5--6 | Separation (3 hr/playdate), turn-taking, verbal entry bid | Board games 3x/week; role-play "Can I play with you?"; playdate drop-off 1x/week | Mealtimes; playdates |
| Weeks 7--8 | School routine simulation, goodbye ritual | Wake at school-day time; full morning routine; school visit; dry-run morning | Every morning |
| Final 3 days | Dress rehearsal only | Full morning routine at school-day time; backpack packed night before; goodbye ritual at front door | Morning routine |

---

### First-Day Preparation Checklist

**Logistical (Do These in the First 2 Weeks):**
- [ ] Complete registration and submit immunization records
- [ ] Buy and label all supplies from the school's list (name on every item, including individual crayons if possible)
- [ ] Buy the water bottle and lunch containers the school system uses -- confirm if thermoses are allowed, whether water bottles go in backpacks or cubbies
- [ ] Label backpack, coat, water bottle, and lunchbox with first and last name
- [ ] Confirm transportation: is it bus, parent drop-off, or walk? Identify the exact drop-off point and whether parents may walk to the classroom door or only to the school entrance
- [ ] Ask the school: Is there an orientation or classroom visit day? Can you schedule a brief visit to the classroom before school starts?

**Emotional and Familiarity Preparation (Weeks 4--8):**
- [ ] Schedule and complete a school building visit -- walk the hallway, find the classroom, find the bathroom from the classroom door, walk the playground
- [ ] Read together: choose 3 books that show a child successfully navigating a goodbye and enjoying school (ask your librarian for currently-available titles -- there is a large genre of first-day-of-school picture books)
- [ ] Talk through a realistic school day together using simple language: "First you'll find your cubby and hang up your backpack. Then everyone sits on the rug for morning circle. Then there's center time where you choose an activity. Then snack..."
- [ ] Establish and begin practicing the goodbye ritual (see below)
- [ ] Practice the morning routine at school-day times for 7 consecutive days before school starts

**Sleep Schedule Adjustment (Start 2 Weeks Before School):**
- [ ] Identify the required school-day wake time and work backward: school-age children (5--6) typically need 10--11 hours of sleep
- [ ] If current bedtime is 9:30pm and she needs to wake at 6:45am, the new bedtime is 7:45--8:00pm -- that is a 60--90 minute shift. Move it 15 minutes earlier every 2 days over the 2 weeks before school.
- [ ] Adjust wake time simultaneously -- do not just move bedtime without also changing wake time

**Night Before:**
- [ ] Pack backpack together (child does it; you supervise)
- [ ] Lay out tomorrow's clothes together
- [ ] Prepare and pack lunch together -- she opens each container once as a preview
- [ ] Review what tomorrow will look like: "Tomorrow morning we'll do our routine, I'll drive you to school, we'll do our goodbye, and I'll pick you up right after [specific reference point -- snack, lunch, end of school]"
- [ ] Maintain bedtime routine exactly as practiced -- no late-night emotional processing conversations that prime anxiety

**Morning Of:**
- [ ] Execute the practiced routine with no changes or surprises
- [ ] No screens, no rushing, no raised voices -- this morning sets the emotional tone
- [ ] Arrive 5--10 minutes before the bell -- she should enter a quieter space rather than a chaotic arrival crush
- [ ] Locate the classroom together, find her cubby, hang her backpack
- [ ] Do the goodbye ritual exactly as practiced
- [ ] Walk away with calm confidence -- do not linger, do not look back, do not wave from the parking lot
- [ ] If you are worried after 30 minutes, call the school office (not her classroom) -- they will check and report back

---

### Goodbye Ritual Script
Practice this exact ritual during every separation over the next 8 weeks. The repetition is the reassurance -- she will learn that this ritual means you always come back.

> "Big hug. I love you. I'll pick you up right after lunch [or whatever the specific reference point is]. Have a great day -- I can't wait to hear about it."

Then turn and go. Do not add sentences, do not return for one more hug. The ritual ends when you walk away.

**For you:** The research on this is clear -- most children who cry at drop-off are calm, engaged, and playing within 5--10 minutes. Her feelings at the moment of goodbye are real, but they are not an accurate preview of her next 6 hours. Teachers are trained to handle this transition, and they do it every September. Your job ends at the goodbye ritual. Then go do something for yourself.

---

### A Note for You

You asked if she'll be ready. Here is what I see: she is academically ahead of typical kindergarten entry expectations -- most children arrive knowing fewer letters and with less counting experience than she has. That is not where the work is.

The real preparation is separation and self-care, and eight weeks is genuinely enough time to build both if you start the graduated separation plan this week and practice lunch containers and the zipper every day. These are not big deficits -- they are simply skills she hasn't needed yet because you've been there.

She will not arrive on Day 1 having mastered everything. That is true of every child in her class, including the ones who went to preschool. Kindergarten is where children learn to be in school. Your job in the next 8 weeks is to build her confidence in a few specific areas and to build your own confidence that she is going to be okay. She is.
