---
name: nonprofit-grant-writer
description: |
  Guide to nonprofit and foundation grant writing including prospect research, letters of inquiry, full proposals, budgets, reporting, and funder relationship building. Focused on private foundations, community foundations, and corporate giving programs. Use when the user asks about nonprofit grant writer or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "writing strategy planning"
  category: "business-strategy"
  subcategory: "strategy-planning"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Nonprofit Grant Writer

## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- The user needs to write grant proposals for private foundations, community foundations, or corporate giving programs
- The user wants help with prospect research, letters of inquiry, proposal budgets, or grant reporting
- The user needs guidance on funder relationship building or grant compliance requirements
- The user is preparing a full grant application and needs structural and narrative guidance

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- The user needs broader fundraising strategy beyond grants (use fundraising-strategist instead)
- The user is starting a nonprofit and needs formation guidance (use nonprofit-starter instead)
- The user is raising capital for a for-profit venture (use startup-advisor or pitch-deck-builder instead)

## Process

1. **Gather requirements.** Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. **Analyze the situation.** Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to nonprofit grant writer.

3. **Develop the framework.** Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. **Deliver actionable output.** Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. **Address edge cases.** Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

**Use this skill when:**
- User needs guidance on nonprofit grant writer
- User asks about nonprofit grant writer best practices or techniques
- User wants a structured approach to nonprofit grant writer

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
- The request is outside the scope of nonprofit grant writer

## Questions to Ask First

This guide focuses on private foundation, community foundation, and corporate giving grants for nonprofit organizations. For government and academic research grants, see the Grant Proposal Writer skill.

Before beginning a grant-seeking effort:

1. What is your organization's mission and current programs?
2. What specific project or program needs funding?
3. What is the total project budget and how much do you need from grants?
4. Does your organization have 501(c)(3) status (or a fiscal sponsor)?
5. What is your track record of grant management? Have you received grants before?
6. Do you have the infrastructure to track and report on grant-funded activities?
7. What is your timeline for needing funds?
8. Who will manage the grant if awarded? (Program staff, finance staff)
9. Do you have audited financial statements or a recent financial review?
10. What data do you have demonstrating the need your project addresses?

## Prospect Research

### Where to Find Funders

**Foundation Directory Online (Candid/Foundation Directory)**
- Most comprehensive database of US foundations and grants
- Search by subject area, geography, grant size, type of support
- Foundation profiles include past grants, trustees, application guidelines
- Subscription required ($40-200/month), often available free at public libraries

**Other Research Tools**
- **Candid (candid.org)**: Merged Foundation Center and GuideStar
- **GrantStation**: Database of funders with deadlines and guidelines
- **Community foundation websites**: Local funders in your region
- **Corporate giving programs**: Company websites, CSR reports
- **Funder 990 tax returns**: Available on GuideStar, show past grantees and amounts

### Research Process
1. Define exactly what you need funding for (not just "general operations")
2. Search databases using keywords matching your work
3. Review funder guidelines thoroughly - does your project fit?
4. Check geographic restrictions - many funders are location-specific
5. Review past grant recipients - are they similar to your organization?
6. Note typical grant amounts - do not apply for $100,000 from a funder that typically gives $5,000
7. Check deadlines and application cycles
8. Create a prospect list with: Funder name, contact, deadline, amount range, fit score (A/B/C)

### Qualifying a Funder (The Fit Test)
Ask these questions before investing time in an application:
- Does our mission align with their funding priorities?
- Do they fund in our geographic area?
- Do they fund organizations of our size and age?
- Is our request within their typical grant range?
- Have they funded similar projects before?
- Are we eligible? (Some require invitation only, or 3+ years of operation)

**If 4+ answers are "yes," it is worth pursuing.**

## Letter of Inquiry (LOI)

### What Is an LOI?
A 1-3 page letter introducing your organization and proposed project to a funder. Many foundations require an LOI before inviting a full proposal. Think of it as a cover letter that gets you in the door.

### LOI Structure (1-2 pages)

**Paragraph 1: Introduction**
- Organization name, mission, and brief history
- Why you are writing (specific funding priority or program)
- Requested amount and project name

**Paragraph 2: Need Statement**
- The problem you address with data/evidence
- Who is affected and how
- Why this problem matters now

**Paragraph 3: Project Description**
- What you propose to do
- Key activities and timeline
- Who will be served (numbers and demographics)
- Expected outcomes

**Paragraph 4: Organizational Capacity**
- Why your organization is positioned to do this work
- Relevant experience and track record
- Key staff qualifications

**Paragraph 5: Budget Summary**
- Total project cost
- Amount requested from this funder
- Other funding sources (secured and pending)

**Closing**
- Thank the funder for their consideration
- Offer to provide additional information
- Contact information for follow-up

### LOI Tips
- Follow the funder's format requirements exactly
- Be concise - every sentence should earn its place
- Lead with the community need, not your organization's needs
- Use a warm but professional tone
- Have someone outside your organization read it for clarity
- Submit before the deadline (ideally 1+ week early)

## Full Proposal Structure

### 1. Cover Letter (1 page)
- Addressed to specific person (call to confirm correct contact)
- Brief introduction of organization and request
- Amount requested and project name
- Connection to funder's priorities
- Signed by Executive Director or Board Chair

### 2. Executive Summary (1/2 - 1 page)
- Standalone summary of entire proposal
- Problem, solution, expected outcomes, budget request
- Write this last, even though it appears first

### 3. Need Statement / Problem Statement (2-3 pages)
- Define the problem with evidence (statistics, research, local data)
- Connect the problem to real people and communities
- Cite credible sources (Census data, peer-reviewed research, government reports)
- Explain what happens if the problem is not addressed
- Avoid circular logic ("We need a shelter because we lack a shelter")
- Show you understand root causes, not just symptoms

**Strong need statement elements**:
- Local data specific to your community
- National context for comparison
- Quotes or stories from people affected (with permission)
- Trend data showing the problem is growing
- Gaps in current services that your project fills

### 4. Goals and Objectives (1 page)
**Goals**: Broad statements of intended impact
- "Reduce youth homelessness in Springfield by providing transitional housing and support services."

**Objectives**: Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound (SMART)
- "By December 2027, provide transitional housing to 40 homeless youth ages 18-24."
- "Within 12 months, 75% of program participants will obtain stable employment."
- "Reduce emergency room visits among participants by 50% compared to baseline."

### 5. Methods / Project Description (3-5 pages)
- Describe activities in detail: What will happen, who will do it, when, where
- Implementation timeline with milestones
- Staffing plan (existing staff, new hires, consultants)
- Partnerships and collaborations
- How this project builds on your existing work
- Sustainability plan: How will this continue after the grant ends?

### 6. Evaluation Plan (1-2 pages)
- **Process evaluation**: Are activities being implemented as planned?
- **Outcome evaluation**: Are participants experiencing the intended changes?
- **Data collection methods**: Surveys, interviews, pre/post tests, attendance records, case management data
- **Frequency**: When will data be collected and analyzed?
- **External evaluator**: Required by some funders for large grants
- **Reporting plan**: How results will be shared with funder and stakeholders

### 7. Budget and Budget Narrative (2-4 pages)

#### Budget Format
| Category | Grant Request | Other Funding | Total |
|----------|--------------|---------------|-------|
| Personnel | | | |
| Fringe benefits | | | |
| Travel | | | |
| Equipment | | | |
| Supplies | | | |
| Contractual | | | |
| Other direct costs | | | |
| Indirect costs | | | |
| **Total** | | | |

#### Budget Narrative
Explain and justify each line item:
- **Personnel**: "Project Coordinator (1.0 FTE, $45,000 salary): Manages daily program operations, supervises 3 case managers, responsible for data collection and reporting."
- **Travel**: "Local travel for 3 case managers, estimated 200 miles/month x 12 months x $0.67/mile = $4,824. Home visits and service coordination for 40 program participants."

#### Budget Tips
- Round to whole dollars
- Ensure math adds up perfectly
- Show other funding sources (demonstrates sustainability)
- Include in-kind contributions (volunteer time, donated space)
- Indirect costs: Check funder's policy (some cap at 10-15%, some disallow)
- Request reasonable amounts - underfunding a project sets it up for failure

### 8. Organizational Background (1-2 pages)
- History and founding story
- Current programs and services
- Annual budget size
- Number of staff and volunteers
- People served annually
- Key accomplishments and impact data
- Awards, accreditations, or recognition

### 9. Attachments (as requested)
- IRS determination letter (501(c)(3))
- Board of Directors list with affiliations
- Current fiscal year budget (organizational)
- Most recent audited financial statements or Form 990
- Annual report
- Key staff resumes
- Letters of support from partners or community members
- Logic model or theory of change diagram

## Writing Tips for Stronger Proposals

### Do
- Write in active voice ("We will provide" not "Services will be provided")
- Use concrete numbers ("serve 200 children" not "serve many children")
- Tell a story while backing it with data
- Match your language to the funder's priorities and terminology
- Follow formatting instructions exactly (margins, font, page limits)
- Have multiple people review before submission
- Submit at least 3 days before deadline

### Do Not
- Assume the reviewer knows your organization
- Use jargon or acronyms without defining them
- Submit a generic proposal - customize for each funder
- Exaggerate impact or make promises you cannot keep
- Ignore evaluation - funders want to know if their money made a difference
- Exceed page limits or word counts
- Submit late - late submissions are almost never reviewed

## Reporting Requirements

### What Funders Expect
Most grants require interim and/or final reports. Standard elements include:

**Narrative Report**
- Progress toward stated goals and objectives
- Activities completed during reporting period
- Success stories and participant outcomes
- Challenges encountered and how you addressed them
- Lessons learned
- Plans for next period (if ongoing)

**Financial Report**
- Actual expenditures compared to approved budget
- Explanation of significant variances (usually 10%+ from budget line)
- Remaining balance and projected spending
- Supporting documentation (receipts, payroll records) if required

### Reporting Best Practices
- Set up tracking systems before the project starts, not when the report is due
- Collect data continuously, not retroactively
- Be honest about challenges - funders appreciate transparency
- Connect spending to outcomes (show return on investment)
- Submit reports on time - late reports jeopardize future funding

## Building Funder Relationships

### Before Applying
- Attend funder information sessions or webinars
- Read funder's annual report and recent grant lists
- If allowed, call program officer to discuss fit before applying
- Connect through conferences or networking events

### During the Grant
- Submit reports on time and with quality
- Communicate proactively about significant changes
- Invite program officers to visit your programs
- Acknowledge funding publicly (with permission)
- Share good news stories

### After the Grant
- Thank the funder genuinely and promptly
- Share final impact results
- Stay in touch even when not actively funded
- Provide updates on the project's continued impact
- Apply again when appropriate

### Why Relationships Matter
- Funders fund organizations they trust
- Many grants go to organizations with existing relationships
- Program officers are people who want to make a difference - treat them as partners
- A "no" this year can become a "yes" next year with relationship building

## Grant Calendar Management

### Annual Grant Calendar Template
For each prospect, track:
- Funder name and program
- LOI deadline
- Full proposal deadline
- Decision timeline
- Report due dates
- Renewal deadline
- Key contact name
- Status (researching / LOI submitted / invited / submitted / awarded / declined)

### Pipeline Management
- Maintain a pipeline of 15-20 prospects at various stages
- Expect a 20-30% success rate for well-matched applications
- Diversify across funder types (family foundations, community foundations, corporate giving)
- Never rely on a single funder for more than 30% of budget
- Plan 6-12 months ahead - grants have long lead times

## Progression Path

1. **Phase 1**: Learn prospect research, write your first LOI
2. **Phase 2**: Submit first full proposal, learn from feedback (win or lose)
3. **Phase 3**: Build a grant calendar, manage 5-10 applications per year
4. **Phase 4**: Successfully manage multi-year grants, master reporting
5. **Phase 5**: Develop funder relationships, secure renewals, mentor others
6. **Phase 6**: Strategic grants management - align grants with organizational strategy, diversify funding

## Resources

- **Grant Professionals Association** (grantprofessionals.org): Training, certification (GPC)
- **Candid Learning** (learning.candid.org): Free grant writing courses
- **GrantSpace by Candid**: Templates, tools, and guides
- **Books**: "The Only Grant-Writing Book You'll Ever Need" by Ellen Karsh
- **Books**: "Winning Grants Step by Step" by Mim Carlson
- **Local nonprofit support centers**: Many offer grant writing workshops
- **Foundation Center libraries**: Free access to Foundation Directory and resources


## Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

```
[Nonprofit Grant Writer deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline
```


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with nonprofit grant writer for a mid-size project."

**Output:** A complete nonprofit grant writer framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding rather than making assumptions
- **Conflicting requirements:** Identify trade-offs explicitly and present options with pros and cons
- **Scale mismatch:** Adapt recommendations to match the user's context (individual vs. team vs. organization)
- **Domain crossover:** When the request overlaps with other skill domains, address what falls within scope and reference specialized skills for the rest
