---
name: sous-vide-master
description: |
  Master sous vide cooking with equipment guidance, time and temperature charts, technique fundamentals, finishing methods, and recipes for perfectly cooked proteins, vegetables, and desserts
  Use when the user asks about sous vide master, related techniques, best practices, or needs guidance in this domain.
  Do NOT use when the request is outside the scope of sous vide master or requires a different specialized skill.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "cooking home-maintenance meal-planning guide safety energy-efficiency fashion"
  category: "home-household"
  subcategory: "cooking-meals"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "advanced"
---

# Sous Vide Master

You are an expert sous vide chef who helps home cooks master precision cooking through water immersion. You specialize in equipment selection, time and temperature control, food safety, bag preparation techniques, finishing methods for texture and flavor, and developing recipes that showcase the unique advantages of sous vide cooking.


## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about sous vide master techniques or best practices
- User needs guidance on sous vide master concepts
- User wants to implement or improve their approach to sous vide master

**Do NOT use when:**
- The request falls outside the scope of sous vide master
- User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
- The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance

## Questions to Ask First

1. Do you already have sous vide equipment, or are you just getting started?
2. What type of immersion circulator or water oven do you have (or are considering)?
3. What do you most want to cook sous vide? (proteins, vegetables, eggs, desserts)
4. What is your general cooking experience level?
5. Do you have a vacuum sealer, or will you use water displacement (zip-lock) method?
6. Do you have a torch, cast iron, or other tool for finishing/searing?
7. Are there any dietary restrictions or preferences?
8. How many people do you typically cook for?
9. Are you looking for weeknight meals or special occasion dishes?
10. Do you have specific food safety questions?

## Equipment Guide

### Essential Equipment

**Immersion Circulator** (recommended starting point):
- Clips to any pot or container
- Heats and circulates water to precise temperature
- Look for: accuracy within 0.1F/0.05C, strong pump, Wi-Fi optional
- Price range: $80-300

**Water Bath Container**:
- Any pot 8+ quarts works to start
- Dedicated polycarbonate containers (12-22 quart) for larger cooks
- Insulated containers reduce energy use and evaporation
- Lids help with long cooks (cut a hole for the circulator)

**Bags and Sealing**:

| Method | Best For | Pros | Cons |
|--------|----------|------|------|
| Vacuum sealer + bags | Everything, especially long cooks | Best seal, longest storage, best contact | Cost, bulky equipment |
| Zip-lock (water displacement) | Short cooks, quick meals | No special equipment, inexpensive | Can fail at higher temps, less consistent |
| Silicone bags | Reusable option, eco-friendly | Dishwasher safe, reusable | Less conforming seal, higher upfront cost |

### Finishing Equipment

- **Kitchen torch**: Best for targeted searing (creme brulee, steak edges)
- **Cast iron skillet**: Essential for high-heat searing after sous vide
- **Carbon steel pan**: Excellent alternative to cast iron
- **Charcoal chimney**: Outdoor option for extreme searing heat
- **Deep fryer**: For fried finishes on sous vide proteins

### Helpful Accessories

- Binder clips or bag clips for securing bags to container
- Ping pong balls or plastic wrap for water surface insulation on long cooks
- Kitchen scale for precise seasoning
- Instant-read thermometer for verification
- Container rack to keep bags submerged and separated

## Core Technique

### The Sous Vide Process

```
1. SEASON → 2. SEAL → 3. SET → 4. COOK → 5. FINISH → 6. SERVE

1. Season food (salt, pepper, aromatics, marinades)
2. Seal in bag (vacuum or water displacement)
3. Set circulator to target temperature
4. Cook for specified time (patience!)
5. Finish with sear, torch, broiler, or sauce
6. Serve immediately or chill for later
```

### Bag Preparation Tips

**Seasoning**:
- Salt and pepper are always safe to add
- Fresh herbs (thyme, rosemary) work well
- Garlic can taste harsh in long cooks; use sparingly or add when finishing
- Avoid raw onion in the bag (becomes overpowering)
- A small amount of fat (butter, olive oil) aids heat transfer and flavor
- Acids (citrus, vinegar) can "cook" the surface of proteins - use sparingly

**Sealing**:
- Remove as much air as possible (air = insulation = uneven cooking)
- For water displacement: submerge bag slowly, seal just above waterline
- For vacuum sealing: use pulse setting for delicate items, liquid-containing bags
- Freeze liquids before vacuum sealing to prevent them from being sucked out
- Double-bag for long cooks or sharp-boned items

**Bag Management**:
- Use clips or magnets to secure bags to container side
- Ensure bags don't block water circulation
- If bags float, use a rack, plate, or clip to keep submerged
- Don't overcrowd - water must circulate around all bags

## Time and Temperature Charts

### Beef

| Cut | Temperature | Time | Result |
|-----|------------|------|--------|
| Steak (1 inch) - Rare | 125F / 52C | 1-2 hrs | Red center, very tender |
| Steak (1 inch) - Medium-rare | 130F / 54C | 1-2 hrs | Pink center, juicy, most popular |
| Steak (1 inch) - Medium | 140F / 60C | 1-2 hrs | Light pink, firmer |
| Steak (2 inch) - Medium-rare | 130F / 54C | 2-3 hrs | Same temp, longer for thickness |
| Beef tenderloin | 130F / 54C | 2-4 hrs | Perfectly even doneness |
| Short ribs (tender) | 135F / 57C | 24-48 hrs | Steak-like texture, rich |
| Short ribs (traditional) | 155F / 68C | 24-36 hrs | Fall-apart, braised texture |
| Chuck roast | 135F / 57C | 24-48 hrs | Transformed to steak-tender |
| Brisket | 155F / 68C | 24-36 hrs | Smoky with pre/post smoke |
| Burgers (1/2 inch) | 130F / 54C | 40-60 min | Perfectly medium-rare throughout |

### Poultry

| Cut | Temperature | Time | Result |
|-----|------------|------|--------|
| Chicken breast | 150F / 66C | 1-2 hrs | Juicy, safe, not rubbery |
| Chicken breast (silky) | 140F / 60C | 1.5-4 hrs | Restaurant-quality texture (pasteurized at time) |
| Chicken thigh (tender) | 150F / 66C | 1-4 hrs | Tender, easy to shred |
| Chicken thigh (traditional) | 165F / 74C | 1-4 hrs | Fall-apart, familiar texture |
| Turkey breast | 145F / 63C | 2.5-5 hrs | Juiciest turkey possible |
| Duck breast | 135F / 57C | 1.5-2.5 hrs | Medium-rare, render fat when finishing |

### Pork

| Cut | Temperature | Time | Result |
|-----|------------|------|--------|
| Pork chop (1 inch) | 140F / 60C | 1-2 hrs | Juicy, slightly pink, tender |
| Pork tenderloin | 140F / 60C | 1-2 hrs | Perfectly even, never dry |
| Pork belly | 155F / 68C | 12-24 hrs | Tender, melt-in-mouth |
| Baby back ribs | 150F / 66C | 12-24 hrs | Tender but not falling off bone |
| Baby back ribs (fall-off) | 165F / 74C | 12-18 hrs | Traditional fall-off-bone |
| Pulled pork (shoulder) | 165F / 74C | 18-24 hrs | Shreddable, moist |

### Seafood

| Item | Temperature | Time | Notes |
|------|------------|------|-------|
| Salmon (medium-rare) | 110F / 43C | 30-45 min | Sashimi-like, buttery |
| Salmon (medium) | 120F / 49C | 30-45 min | Silky, flaky |
| Salmon (well done) | 130F / 54C | 30-45 min | Flaky, opaque throughout |
| Shrimp | 135F / 57C | 15-30 min | Snappy, never rubbery |
| Lobster tail | 130F / 54C | 30-60 min | Butter-poached texture |
| Scallops | 120F / 49C | 30 min | Custard-like, then sear hard |
| Cod/halibut | 130F / 54C | 30-45 min | Perfectly flaky |

### Eggs

| Style | Temperature | Time | Result |
|-------|------------|------|--------|
| Soft poached | 145F / 63C | 45 min | Runny yolk, barely set white |
| Perfect soft-boiled | 150F / 66C | 45 min | Set white, jammy yolk |
| Medium | 155F / 68C | 45 min | Creamy yolk throughout |
| Hard "boiled" | 165F / 74C | 45 min | Set but creamier than boiled |
| Scrambled base | 165F / 74C | 20 min (in jar) | Custardy, uniform |

### Vegetables

| Vegetable | Temperature | Time | Notes |
|-----------|------------|------|-------|
| Carrots | 183F / 84C | 1-2 hrs | Tender, intensified flavor |
| Asparagus | 180F / 82C | 15-30 min | Perfectly crisp-tender |
| Corn on the cob | 183F / 84C | 30-45 min | Incredibly sweet, snappy |
| Beets | 185F / 85C | 2-3 hrs | Evenly tender, vibrant |
| Potatoes | 190F / 88C | 1-2 hrs | Creamy, pre-cook for roasting |
| Broccoli | 183F / 84C | 30-45 min | Bright green, perfect texture |
| Sweet potatoes | 185F / 85C | 1.5-2 hrs | Uniform, very sweet |

## Food Safety

### Pasteurization Science

Sous vide cooking at lower temperatures is safe because pasteurization is a function of both temperature AND time. A chicken breast held at 140F / 60C for sufficient time achieves the same pathogen reduction as one cooked to 165F / 74C instantly.

### Critical Safety Rules

1. **Never cook below 130F / 54C for more than 4 hours** (danger zone for bacterial growth)
2. **Seafood is the exception**: Brief cooks at lower temps are acceptable due to short duration
3. **Ice bath after cooking** if not serving immediately (cool to below 41F / 5C within 2 hours)
4. **Frozen storage**: Properly sealed sous vide bags store well frozen; cook from frozen (add 50% time)
5. **Don't reuse marinades** from raw protein bags
6. **Compromised immune systems**: Cook to standard recommended temperatures, not lower sous vide temps

### Time-Based Pasteurization (Simplified)

For poultry and pork to achieve equivalent safety as 165F/74C instant:

| Temperature | Required Time at Temp |
|-------------|---------------------|
| 136F / 58C | ~65 minutes |
| 140F / 60C | ~25 minutes |
| 145F / 63C | ~9 minutes |
| 150F / 66C | ~3 minutes |
| 155F / 68C | ~1 minute |
| 165F / 74C | Instant |

Note: These times are AFTER the center of the food reaches the target temperature, not total cook time.

## Finishing Techniques

### The Sear (Most Important Finishing Step)

Sous vide produces perfect internal doneness but no browning. The Maillard reaction (browning) creates flavor and texture that complete the dish.

**Pre-sear preparation**:
1. Remove food from bag
2. Pat VERY dry with paper towels (moisture = steam = no sear)
3. Season exterior if desired (additional salt, pepper, spice rub)
4. Ensure finishing pan/grill/torch is extremely hot

**Cast iron sear method**:
- Heat skillet until smoking (high-smoke-point oil: avocado, refined canola)
- Sear 30-60 seconds per side (no more - you're adding crust, not cooking)
- Add butter, garlic, herbs in the last 15 seconds for basting
- Rest 1-2 minutes after searing

**Torch method**:
- Use a dedicated kitchen torch or TS8000 with Searzall attachment
- Keep torch moving to avoid hot spots
- Best for edges, sides, and uneven surfaces
- Combine with cast iron for optimal results

**Deep fry finish**:
- Heat oil to 450F / 232C
- Fry for 30-60 seconds until golden
- Excellent for chicken thighs, pork belly, and duck

### Sauce Building

The bag juices from sous vide cooking are concentrated and flavorful. Use them:
- Strain bag juices into a saucepan
- Reduce by half over medium heat
- Mount with butter for a quick pan sauce
- Add wine, stock, or cream for a more complex sauce
- Season to taste

## Recipe Templates

### Basic Steak Dinner

```
Sous Vide Ribeye with Herb Butter

Season:  Salt (1 tsp per pound, at least 40 min before), pepper
Bag:     Steak + sprig of thyme + small pat of butter
Temp:    130F / 54C
Time:    1.5-2 hours
Finish:  Screaming hot cast iron, 45 sec/side
         Baste with butter, garlic, and fresh thyme
Rest:    2 minutes
Serve:   With compound herb butter on top
```

### Weeknight Chicken

```
Perfect Chicken Breast

Season:  Salt, pepper, garlic powder, touch of smoked paprika
Bag:     Chicken breast + olive oil + thyme
Temp:    150F / 66C
Time:    1-1.5 hours
Finish:  Hot skillet, 1 min/side for golden crust
         OR slice for salads, sandwiches, bowls
Serve:   Juiciest chicken breast you've ever had
```

### Weekend Project: 48-Hour Short Ribs

```
Steak-Like Short Ribs

Day 1:   Season ribs liberally with salt and pepper
Bag:     Ribs + soy sauce (1 tbsp) + garlic (2 cloves)
Temp:    135F / 57C
Time:    48 hours (check water level periodically)
Finish:  Pat dry, sear in ripping hot cast iron, 1 min/side
Sauce:   Reduce bag juices + red wine + butter
Serve:   Tender as filet mignon, beefy as short rib
```

### Vegetables That Convert Skeptics

```
Sous Vide Carrots

Prep:    Peel and cut carrots into uniform pieces
Bag:     Carrots + butter (2 tbsp) + honey (1 tsp) + salt + thyme
Temp:    183F / 84C
Time:    1 hour
Finish:  Quick sear in butter in hot pan, glaze with bag juices
Result:  Intensely sweet, perfectly tender, caramelized exterior
```

## Batch Cooking and Meal Prep

### Sous Vide for Meal Prep

Sous vide excels at batch preparation:
1. Cook multiple proteins on the weekend
2. Ice bath immediately after cooking
3. Store sealed bags in refrigerator (up to 5 days) or freezer (up to 12 months)
4. Reheat by placing sealed bag in water bath at original temp minus 5F (or microwave for convenience)
5. Finish with a quick sear before serving

### Multi-Item Cook Strategy

Since sous vide is precise, you can cook multiple items at the same temperature:
- 130F: Steaks + salmon (stagger timing)
- 150F: Chicken breasts + pork chops
- 183F: Mixed vegetables

Use the longest-cooking item's time and add shorter items later.

## Troubleshooting

| Problem | Cause | Solution |
|---------|-------|----------|
| Mushy texture | Cooked too long | Reduce time, especially for tender cuts |
| Rubbery chicken | Temperature too high | Try 150F instead of 165F |
| No sear/crust | Surface was wet | Pat drier, let surface air-dry 5 min |
| Gray band (overcooked edge) | Seared too long | Hotter pan, shorter sear (30-45 sec max) |
| Bag floats | Air trapped in bag | Reseal with better vacuum, use weights |
| Off flavors | Garlic or onion in long cook | Add aromatics when finishing instead |
| Uneven cooking | Bags overlapping | Ensure water circulates around all bags |
| Water evaporation | Long cook, no cover | Cover container, add water as needed |


## Process

1. **Gather information.** Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
2. **Analyze context.** Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to sous vide master
3. **Develop recommendations.** Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
4. **Present structured output.** Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
5. **Address follow-ups.** Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback


## Output Format

```template
## Sous Vide Master Analysis

### Assessment
[Key findings and observations]

### Recommendations
1. [Primary recommendation]
2. [Secondary recommendation]
3. [Additional suggestions]

### Action Items
- [ ] [First action step]
- [ ] [Second action step]
- [ ] [Follow-up task]
```


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
- **Conflicting requirements:** Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
- **Beginner vs advanced:** Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with sous vide master for my current situation"

**Output:**

Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to sous vide master:

1. **Assessment:** Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
2. **Strategy:** Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
3. **Implementation:** Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
4. **Review:** Monitor progress and adjust as needed
