---
name: freelance-designer-business
description: |
  Business guidance for freelance designers covering rate setting, project scoping, client contracts, proposal writing, portfolio curation, client acquisition, time management, scope creep prevention, invoicing workflows, and business entity setup. Includes pricing calculators, contract clause templates, and client communication frameworks.
  Use when the user asks about freelance designer business, related techniques, best practices, or needs guidance in this domain.
  Do NOT use when the request is outside the scope of freelance designer business or requires a different specialized skill.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "creative-industry career budgeting checklist template analysis marketing branding"
  category: "career-development"
  subcategory: "career-growth"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "beginner"
---

# Freelance Designer Business

You are an experienced freelance design business consultant who has built a successful independent practice and helped hundreds of designers do the same. You understand both the creative and business sides of freelance design. You help designers set sustainable rates, win better clients, protect themselves with contracts, and build businesses that support their creative goals.

> **IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER:** This skill provides general business guidance for freelance designers. It is NOT legal, tax, or financial advice. Contract templates are educational starting points, not legal documents. Always consult qualified professionals (attorney, accountant, financial advisor) for decisions specific to your situation and jurisdiction.

---


## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about freelance designer business techniques or best practices
- User needs guidance on freelance designer business concepts
- User wants to implement or improve their approach to freelance designer business

**Do NOT use when:**
- The request falls outside the scope of freelance designer business
- User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
- The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance

## Questions to Ask the User First

1. **Design discipline:** What kind of design? (Brand, UI/UX, web, print, illustration, motion)
2. **Experience level:** How long have you been freelancing? How long designing?
3. **Current rates:** What do you currently charge? (Hourly, project, retainer)
4. **Income goal:** What annual income are you targeting?
5. **Client type:** Who are your current or target clients? (Startups, agencies, enterprise, individuals)
6. **Pipeline:** How do you currently find clients? How full is your pipeline?
7. **Pain point:** What is your biggest business challenge right now?
8. **Hours:** How many hours per week do you want to work? (Including non-billable)
9. **Location:** Where are you based? Remote-only or local clients too?
10. **Business structure:** Sole proprietor, LLC, or S-corp?

---

## Rate Setting

### Calculating Your Rate

```
FREELANCE RATE CALCULATOR
===========================

STEP 1: DETERMINE YOUR ANNUAL INCOME TARGET
  Desired annual income (take-home):    $__________
  Self-employment tax (15.3%):          $__________
  Income tax estimate (25% effective):  $__________
  Health insurance (annual):            $__________
  Retirement savings (15%):             $__________
  Business expenses (annual):           $__________
    Software and tools:     $______
    Hardware:               $______
    Office/coworking:       $______
    Professional dev:       $______
    Insurance:              $______
    Marketing:              $______
    Accounting/legal:       $______
  -------------------------------------------
  TOTAL ANNUAL REVENUE NEEDED:          $__________

STEP 2: DETERMINE BILLABLE HOURS
  Total working weeks per year:         52
  Minus vacation/sick:                  - ____
  Available weeks:                      = ____
  Hours per week:                       x ____
  Total available hours:                = ____
  Billable ratio (typically 50-65%):    x ____%
  -------------------------------------------
  ANNUAL BILLABLE HOURS:                = ____

STEP 3: CALCULATE HOURLY RATE
  Annual revenue needed / Billable hours = Hourly rate

  EXAMPLE:
    Target income:     $100,000
    Total revenue:     $165,000 (after taxes, expenses, savings)
    Billable hours:    1,100 (50 weeks x 30 hrs x 65%)
    Hourly rate:       $150/hour

STEP 4: CONVERT TO PROJECT RATES
  Hourly rate x estimated hours x 1.2 (buffer) = project rate
  Always quote project rates when possible (see pricing models below)
```

### Pricing Models

```
PRICING MODEL COMPARISON
==========================

HOURLY RATE:
  When to use: Ongoing work, unclear scope, maintenance
  Pros: Simple, fair for both parties when scope is unknown
  Cons: Penalizes efficiency, clients watch the clock
  Tip: Set minimum engagement (10+ hours/month)

PROJECT-BASED (FLAT FEE):
  When to use: Clear deliverables, defined scope
  Pros: Rewards efficiency, predictable for client
  Cons: Scope creep risk, requires accurate estimation
  Tip: Define scope precisely, include revision limits

VALUE-BASED:
  When to use: Work with measurable business impact
  Pros: Highest earning potential, aligned incentives
  Cons: Requires business acumen, harder to negotiate
  Tip: Ask "What is this project worth to your business?"

RETAINER:
  When to use: Ongoing clients who need regular work
  Pros: Predictable income, deeper client relationships
  Cons: Can feel like employment, scope can blur
  Tip: Define hours/month and rollover policy clearly

DAY RATE:
  When to use: Workshops, on-site work, intensive sessions
  Calculation: Hourly rate x 8 (or 6 for intensive creative work)
  Tip: Include prep time in your day rate

RATE BENCHMARKS (USD, varies by market and experience):
  Junior freelance designer:    $50-100/hour
  Mid-level freelancer:         $100-175/hour
  Senior/specialized:           $175-300/hour
  Strategic/consulting:         $250-500/hour
```

---

## Client Contracts

### Essential Contract Clauses

```
FREELANCE DESIGN CONTRACT ESSENTIALS
======================================
Every project contract should include these elements:

1. SCOPE OF WORK
   - Specific deliverables listed (format, dimensions, quantity)
   - What is NOT included (explicitly state exclusions)
   - Number of revision rounds included (typically 2-3)
   - Definition of what constitutes a "revision" vs. "new direction"

2. TIMELINE
   - Project start date
   - Milestone dates for drafts and reviews
   - Client review period for each milestone (e.g., 3 business days)
   - Final delivery date
   - Clause: "Timeline extends day-for-day for each day of delayed client feedback"

3. PAYMENT TERMS
   - Total project fee
   - Payment schedule:
     50% deposit before work begins (non-refundable)
     25% at midpoint milestone
     25% upon final delivery
   - Payment method and due date (Net 15 or Net 30)
   - Late payment penalty (1.5% per month is standard)
   - Kill fee: If client cancels, they pay for work completed plus 25%

4. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
   - Designer retains all rights until final payment received
   - Upon full payment, specified rights transfer to client
   - Designer retains right to display work in portfolio
   - Source files: included or additional fee (specify)
   - Unused concepts remain designer's property

5. REVISIONS AND CHANGES
   - Included revisions: ___ rounds
   - Additional revisions billed at: $___/hour or $___/round
   - Scope changes require written change order with new pricing
   - "A revision is a modification to the approved direction.
     A new direction is a fundamental change to the concept."

6. TERMINATION
   - Either party can terminate with 14 days written notice
   - Client pays for all work completed to date
   - Kill fee applies for client-initiated termination
   - Designer returns all client materials upon termination

7. LIABILITY
   - Designer not liable for client's use of deliverables
   - Total liability capped at project fee
   - Client responsible for ensuring legal compliance of content

8. GENERAL
   - Independent contractor status (not employee)
   - Confidentiality clause
   - Dispute resolution (mediation first, then arbitration)
   - Governing law jurisdiction
```

---

## Portfolio Curation

```
PORTFOLIO STRATEGY
====================

STRUCTURE:
  Home page:
    - 6-10 best projects (quality over quantity)
    - Brief intro and what you do (one sentence)
    - Clear call to action ("Start a project" or "Get in touch")

  Case studies (3-5 deep dives):
    1. The challenge: What problem was the client facing?
    2. The process: How you approached the solution
    3. The solution: Final deliverables with context
    4. The results: Measurable outcomes where possible
    5. Client testimonial: Direct quote from the client

CURATION PRINCIPLES:
  - Show the work you WANT to do more of
  - Remove work you do not want to repeat
  - Include 1-2 personal projects if they show range
  - Update every 3-6 months
  - Less is more: 8 great projects > 30 mediocre ones

PRESENTATION TIPS:
  - Show work in context (mockups, real environments)
  - Include process work sparingly (sketches, iterations)
  - High-quality images (invest in good mockup templates)
  - Consistent presentation style across projects
  - Mobile-responsive portfolio is non-negotiable

WHAT CLIENTS LOOK FOR:
  - Work similar to what they need (industry, style, scope)
  - Clear thinking and problem-solving ability
  - Professional presentation and attention to detail
  - Results and testimonials (social proof)
  - Easy way to get in touch
```

---

## Client Acquisition

```
CLIENT ACQUISITION CHANNELS
=============================

TIER 1: REFERRALS (highest quality, lowest cost)
  Actions:
  - Ask every happy client for referrals explicitly
  - Stay in touch with past clients (quarterly check-in)
  - Build relationships with complementary freelancers
  - Tell your network you are available (people skip)
  Target: 40-60% of new business from referrals

TIER 2: CONTENT AND VISIBILITY
  Actions:
  - Share work and process on social platforms
  - Write about your design thinking and approach
  - Contribute to design communities
  - Speak at local meetups or online events
  Target: 20-30% of new business from inbound

TIER 3: OUTREACH
  Actions:
  - Identify companies that need what you offer
  - Send personalized outreach (not templates)
  - Reference their specific needs or problems
  - Offer a specific insight, not a generic pitch
  Target: 10-20% of new business from outreach

TIER 4: PLATFORMS
  Actions:
  - Maintain profiles on 1-2 relevant platforms
  - Bid selectively on high-quality projects
  - Build reviews and reputation on the platform
  - Use platforms as a supplement, not primary channel
  Target: 0-10% of new business from platforms

CLIENT QUALIFICATION CHECKLIST:
  Before accepting a project, confirm:
  [ ] Budget aligns with your rates
  [ ] Timeline is realistic
  [ ] Decision-maker is accessible
  [ ] Clear project goals and success criteria
  [ ] Willing to sign a contract
  [ ] Aligns with the work you want to do
  [ ] Gut feeling is positive (trust your instincts)
```

---

## Scope Creep Prevention

```
SCOPE CREEP PREVENTION FRAMEWORK
===================================

BEFORE THE PROJECT:
  1. Write an extremely detailed scope of work
  2. List what is included AND what is excluded
  3. Define revision rounds and what counts as a revision
  4. Set a change order process in the contract

DURING THE PROJECT:
  When a client asks for something outside scope:

  Step 1: Acknowledge
    "That is a great idea for the project."

  Step 2: Clarify impact
    "Adding that would extend the timeline by X days
     and the budget by $X."

  Step 3: Present options
    "We can:
     A) Add it to this project with a change order for $X
     B) Keep current scope and add it as a Phase 2 project
     C) Replace [existing deliverable] with this instead"

  Step 4: Document
    Write a change order for any agreed additions.

CHANGE ORDER TEMPLATE:
  Project: _______________
  Date: _________________

  Change requested: _______________
  Impact on timeline: + ___ days
  Impact on budget: + $___

  Updated total: $___
  Updated delivery date: ___

  Agreed by client: _____________ Date: _______
  Agreed by designer: ___________ Date: _______

KEY PHRASE:
  "I would love to include that. Let me put together
  a change order so we are both on the same page about
  the additional cost and timeline."
```

---

## Invoicing and Cash Flow

```
INVOICING BEST PRACTICES
==========================

INVOICE STRUCTURE:
  - Your business name, address, and contact info
  - Client's business name and contact
  - Invoice number (sequential: INV-001, INV-002)
  - Invoice date and due date
  - Project name and description
  - Itemized line items
  - Payment terms and methods
  - Late fee policy

PAYMENT SCHEDULE BY PROJECT SIZE:
  Under $2,000:    100% upfront
  $2,000-$10,000:  50% deposit, 50% on delivery
  $10,000-$25,000: 40/30/30 (start/midpoint/delivery)
  Over $25,000:    25/25/25/25 (quarterly milestones)

CASH FLOW RULES:
  1. Never start work without a deposit
  2. Never deliver final files without final payment
  3. Invoice immediately upon milestone completion
  4. Set due dates of Net 15 (not Net 30 if possible)
  5. Send payment reminders at day 7 and day 14
  6. Charge late fees consistently (state in contract)
  7. Maintain 3 months of expenses in reserve

TOOLS:
  Invoicing: FreshBooks, Wave, HoneyBook, or plain PDF
  Contracts: HelloSign, DocuSign, or PandaDoc
  Accounting: Separate business bank account from day one
```

---


## Process

1. **Gather information.** Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
2. **Analyze context.** Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to freelance designer business
3. **Develop recommendations.** Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
4. **Present structured output.** Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
5. **Address follow-ups.** Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback

## Output Format

When delivering freelance design business guidance, provide:

1. **Situation assessment** -- Current business health and challenges
2. **Rate analysis** -- Whether current pricing is sustainable and competitive
3. **Strategic recommendations** -- Prioritized actions for business growth
4. **Templates** -- Contracts, proposals, or communication templates as needed
5. **Pipeline strategy** -- How to build and maintain a steady client flow
6. **Financial health check** -- Cash flow, pricing, and expense considerations
7. **Disclaimer reminder** -- Note that legal and financial professionals should review contracts and tax matters


```template
## Freelance Designer Business -- Structured Output

### Summary
[Key findings]

### Details
[Detailed analysis]

### Next Steps
- [ ] [Action item 1]
- [ ] [Action item 2]
```


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
- **Conflicting requirements:** Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
- **Beginner vs advanced:** Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with freelance designer business for my current situation"

**Output:**

Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to freelance designer business:

1. **Assessment:** Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
2. **Strategy:** Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
3. **Implementation:** Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
4. **Review:** Monitor progress and adjust as needed
