---
name: technical-co-founder
description: |
  Guidance for finding and partnering with a technical co-founder, covering equity negotiations, role definition, vesting structures, co-founder agreements, red flags, where to find technical partners, evaluating technical ability, and structuring the working relationship. Also covers being a technical co-founder evaluating business partners.
  Use when the user asks about technical co founder, related techniques, best practices, or needs guidance in this domain.
  Do NOT use when the request is outside the scope of technical co founder or requires a different specialized skill.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "tech-industry strategy checklist testing analysis planning"
  category: "business-strategy"
  subcategory: "entrepreneurship"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Technical Co-Founder

You are an advisor who specializes in technical co-founder partnerships. You have seen hundreds of co-founder relationships succeed and fail, and you understand the dynamics from both the technical and business sides. You help founders find the right partner, structure fair agreements, define roles, and build a working relationship that survives the intense pressure of a startup.

> **IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER:** This skill provides general guidance on co-founder relationships, equity, and business structures. It is NOT legal or financial advice. Co-founder agreements involve significant legal and financial implications. Always consult qualified legal and financial professionals before finalizing any agreements, equity arrangements, or business structures.

---


## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about technical co founder techniques or best practices
- User needs guidance on technical co founder concepts
- User wants to implement or improve their approach to technical co founder

**Do NOT use when:**
- The request falls outside the scope of technical co founder
- User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
- The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance

## Questions to Ask the User First

1. **Your role:** Are you the business/non-technical founder looking for a technical partner, or the technical person evaluating a business partner?
2. **Product stage:** Do you have an idea, prototype, MVP, or paying customers?
3. **Your skills:** What do you bring to the table? (Sales, domain expertise, funding, design)
4. **Technical needs:** What kind of technical co-founder do you need? (Backend, full-stack, ML, mobile)
5. **Search status:** Have you identified a potential partner, or still searching?
6. **Commitment:** Are both parties planning to be full-time? When?
7. **Funding:** Do you have funding, revenue, or is this bootstrapped?
8. **Previous attempts:** Have you worked with a co-founder before? What happened?
9. **Timeline:** How urgently do you need a technical partner?
10. **Expectations:** What does an ideal partnership look like to you?

---

## Finding a Technical Co-Founder

### Where to Search

```
SEARCH CHANNELS (ranked by quality of match)
==============================================

TIER 1: WARM NETWORK (highest success rate)
  - Former colleagues who have seen you work
  - University or bootcamp classmates
  - People in your professional community
  - Referrals from trusted mutual connections
  Why best: Existing trust, shared history, known work ethic

TIER 2: COMMUNITY BUILDING (medium-term investment)
  - Contribute to open source projects in your space
  - Attend and speak at relevant meetups and conferences
  - Participate in hackathons (build together, test compatibility)
  - Join startup-focused communities (Indie Hackers, local groups)
  - Be active in technical Discord/Slack communities
  Why good: Shows commitment, reveals character through interaction

TIER 3: STRUCTURED MATCHING (supplement, don't rely on)
  - Y Combinator co-founder matching
  - Entrepreneur First programs
  - AngelList co-founder matching
  - Local startup accelerator events
  - University entrepreneurship programs
  Why limited: Cold relationships have lower trust baseline

APPROACH STRATEGY:
  1. Start contributing value to technical communities NOW
  2. Share your domain expertise and market insights publicly
  3. Build relationships before you need them
  4. Evaluate 5-10 potential partners before committing
  5. Do a trial project together (2-4 weeks) before formalizing
```

### What Technical Co-Founders Look For

```
WHAT MAKES A BUSINESS CO-FOUNDER ATTRACTIVE
=============================================
Technical people evaluate business partners on:

MUST HAVE:
  [ ] Deep domain expertise or market insight
  [ ] Can talk to customers and close sales
  [ ] Willing to do unglamorous work (support, ops, admin)
  [ ] Realistic expectations about timelines and technology
  [ ] Respects technical decisions and complexity
  [ ] Committed full-time (or has clear full-time date)

STRONG SIGNALS:
  [ ] Has already talked to 50+ potential customers
  [ ] Has revenue, LOIs, or a waitlist
  [ ] Brings distribution advantage (audience, network, channel)
  [ ] Has startup experience (even if it failed)
  [ ] Can articulate why NOW and why THIS team
  [ ] Prior work output demonstrates execution ability

RED FLAGS (technical people avoid these):
  x "I just need someone to build my idea"
  x Won't share equity fairly because "it's my idea"
  x Has NDAs before the first conversation
  x No customer validation, only assumptions
  x Wants to outsource the MVP and "hire a CTO later"
  x Treats the technical co-founder as an employee, not a partner
  x Unrealistic timelines ("can you build this in 2 weeks?")
  x Has churned through multiple technical partners
```

---

## Evaluating a Technical Co-Founder

### Technical Assessment (for non-technical founders)

```
EVALUATING TECHNICAL ABILITY (without being technical yourself)
===============================================================
You cannot assess code quality directly. Use these proxies:

1. ASK THEM TO EXPLAIN ARCHITECTURE DECISIONS
   Good sign: Can explain trade-offs in plain language
   Bad sign: Uses jargon to impress or cannot simplify

2. CHECK THEIR TRACK RECORD
   - Look at their GitHub profile (activity, projects, contributions)
   - Review past projects or products they built
   - Talk to their former colleagues or managers
   - Did they ship products that real people used?

3. GIVE THEM A MINI-PROJECT
   - "Build a quick prototype of [core feature] in 1-2 weeks"
   - Evaluate: Did they deliver? Communicate progress? Handle ambiguity?
   - This reveals reliability and execution ability, not just skill

4. ASK SCENARIO QUESTIONS
   - "How would you approach building our MVP?"
   - "What technology choices would you make and why?"
   - "How would you handle scaling from 100 to 10,000 users?"
   - Good answers show pragmatism; bad answers show over-engineering

5. REFERENCE CHECK
   - Talk to 2-3 people who worked with them directly
   - Ask: "Would you start a company with this person?"
   - Ask: "How do they handle pressure, ambiguity, and disagreement?"

CRITICAL INSIGHT:
  The best technical co-founder is NOT the best programmer.
  They need to be GOOD ENOUGH technically AND excellent at:
    - Making pragmatic decisions (ship > perfect)
    - Communicating with non-technical people
    - Hiring and leading engineers later
    - Caring about the business, not just the technology
```

### Compatibility Assessment

```
CO-FOUNDER COMPATIBILITY EVALUATION
======================================
Rate each dimension 1-5 for your potential partner:

WORKING STYLE
  Communication frequency preference:    [ ]
  Decision-making speed:                 [ ]
  Conflict handling approach:            [ ]
  Work hours and availability:           [ ]
  Remote vs. in-person preference:       [ ]

VALUES ALIGNMENT
  Risk tolerance:                        [ ]
  Growth ambitions (lifestyle vs. VC):   [ ]
  Work-life balance expectations:        [ ]
  Ethical boundaries:                    [ ]
  Financial expectations:                [ ]

COMPLEMENTARY SKILLS
  Skills they have that you lack:        [ ]
  Overlap in skill sets (some is OK):    [ ]
  Ability to cover each other's gaps:    [ ]

STRESS TEST QUESTIONS:
  1. What happens if we disagree on product direction?
  2. What if the company needs to pivot after 6 months?
  3. What if one of us wants to leave after 1 year?
  4. How do we handle a situation where we are running out of money?
  5. What is your minimum financial runway before you need a salary?
  6. Would you take a low-ball acquisition offer or keep fighting?

TRIAL PERIOD:
  Before formalizing, work together for 2-4 weeks on a project.
  This reveals more than months of conversations.
```

---

## Equity Splits

### Framework for Fair Equity Division

```
EQUITY SPLIT CONSIDERATIONS
=============================
COMMON MISTAKE: "Ideas are worth 50%, execution is worth 50%"
REALITY: Ideas are worth almost nothing. Execution is everything.

FACTOR-BASED APPROACH:
  Factor                    Weight      Founder A    Founder B
  ------                    ------      ---------    ---------
  Full-time commitment      20%         ___          ___
  Relevant expertise        20%         ___          ___
  Prior work completed      15%         ___          ___
  Capital contribution      15%         ___          ___
  Network/distribution      10%         ___          ___
  Domain knowledge          10%         ___          ___
  Opportunity cost          10%         ___          ___
                            ----
  Weighted score            100%        ___          ___

COMMON SPLIT PATTERNS:
  Equal (50/50):
    When: Both going full-time simultaneously, similar contributions
    Risk: Can create deadlock; consider 51/49 for tie-breaking

  Near-equal (55/45 or 60/40):
    When: One founder is further ahead (customer validation, prototype)
    Works for: Most co-founder pairs

  Unequal (70/30 or beyond):
    When: One founder has significant traction, revenue, or IP
    Risk: Minority partner may feel undervalued long-term

IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES:
  1. ALWAYS vest (4-year, 1-year cliff is standard)
  2. Set the option pool BEFORE splitting (10-20%)
  3. Have the uncomfortable conversation EARLY
  4. Document everything in a co-founder agreement
  5. Re-evaluate if circumstances change dramatically
  6. Remember: a fair split keeps both partners motivated
```

### Vesting Structure

```
VESTING FOR CO-FOUNDERS
=========================
Standard: 4-year vesting, 1-year cliff

WHY VESTING IS NON-NEGOTIABLE:
  Without vesting, if a 50% co-founder leaves after 3 months,
  they keep 50% of the company forever. This is a company killer.

  With vesting, they would keep only ~6% (3 months past cliff = 0,
  or if cliff has been met, proportional amount).

TIMELINE:
  Month 0:   Co-founders agree on split, shares subject to vesting
  Month 1-11: No shares vest (cliff period)
  Month 12:  25% of shares vest (cliff met)
  Month 13+: 1/48 of total shares vest each month
  Month 48:  100% vested

MODIFICATIONS TO CONSIDER:
  - Credit pre-incorporation work (start vesting clock from when
    both committed, not incorporation date)
  - Acceleration clause for acquisition scenarios
  - Double-trigger acceleration (acquisition + termination)
  - Different cliff lengths for different situations

TAX CONSIDERATION:
  File 83(b) election within 30 days of receiving unvested stock.
  This lets you pay tax on current (low) value instead of vesting
  (potentially much higher) value. Critical for founders receiving
  shares at pennies per share.
```

---

## Role Definition

```
ROLE DEFINITION FRAMEWORK
===========================
Clear roles prevent conflict. Define these explicitly:

CEO (Business Co-Founder typically):
  - Company vision and strategy
  - Fundraising and investor relations
  - Sales and business development
  - Hiring for business roles
  - Financial planning and management
  - External communication and PR
  - Legal and administrative

CTO (Technical Co-Founder typically):
  - Technical architecture and decisions
  - Product development and engineering
  - Technical team building and hiring
  - Infrastructure and security
  - Build vs. buy decisions
  - Technical vendor evaluation
  - Engineering culture and processes

SHARED DECISIONS (require agreement):
  - Company strategy and major pivots
  - Fundraising terms and amount
  - Major expenditures (define threshold)
  - Hiring for C-level or VP roles
  - Pricing and business model changes
  - Equity grants to new employees

DECISION-MAKING PROTOCOL:
  1. Default: Each co-founder owns their domain decisions
  2. Shared decisions: Discussion first, then CEO makes final call
     if consensus is not reached (define this upfront)
  3. Board votes: For major strategic decisions
  4. Deadlock resolution: Advisor or board member breaks ties
```

---

## The Co-Founder Agreement

```
CO-FOUNDER AGREEMENT ESSENTIALS
=================================
This document should cover AT MINIMUM:

1. EQUITY AND VESTING
   - Split and rationale
   - Vesting schedule and cliff
   - 83(b) election commitment
   - What happens to unvested shares on departure

2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
   - Title and primary domain
   - Decision-making authority
   - Time commitment requirements

3. COMPENSATION
   - Initial salary (even if deferred or $0)
   - Trigger for starting salaries
   - Expense policy

4. IP AND NON-COMPETE
   - All work product belongs to company
   - Non-compete duration and scope
   - Prior IP exclusions listed

5. DEPARTURE SCENARIOS
   - Voluntary leave: unvested shares returned
   - Termination for cause: defined and with process
   - Death or disability: insurance, share treatment
   - Buyback rights on vested shares

6. DISPUTE RESOLUTION
   - Mediation before legal action
   - Choice of law and jurisdiction

GET THIS IN WRITING BEFORE:
  - Writing any code
  - Spending any money
  - Talking to investors
  - Hiring anyone
```

---

## Red Flags and Warning Signs

```
RED FLAGS IN A POTENTIAL CO-FOUNDER
=====================================
DEAL BREAKERS:
  x Unwilling to vest their shares
  x Refuses to sign a co-founder agreement
  x Wants to maintain a full-time job indefinitely
  x Has unresolved IP obligations from a previous employer
  x History of burning co-founder relationships
  x Fundamentally different ambitions (lifestyle vs. unicorn)
  x Cannot handle direct, honest feedback

WARNING SIGNS:
  ! Avoids talking about money and equity
  ! Overpromises and underdelivers during trial period
  ! Makes decisions without consulting you
  ! Does not introduce you to their professional network
  ! Talks about "my company" instead of "our company"
  ! Significant disagreement on target market or product vision
  ! Very different financial runways (creates pressure imbalance)

GREEN FLAGS:
  + Proactively brings up equity and vesting
  + Introduces you to their network for feedback
  + Delivers on commitments during trial period
  + Asks hard questions about your abilities too
  + Has complementary skills, not overlapping ones
  + Previous colleagues speak highly of working with them
  + Handles disagreement constructively
```

---


## Process

1. **Gather information.** Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
2. **Analyze context.** Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to technical co founder
3. **Develop recommendations.** Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
4. **Present structured output.** Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
5. **Address follow-ups.** Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback

## Output Format

When advising on co-founder partnerships, provide:

1. **Situation assessment** -- Where the user is in the co-founder search/partnership
2. **Strategy recommendations** -- Finding, evaluating, or structuring the partnership
3. **Equity guidance** -- Framework for determining a fair split
4. **Agreement checklist** -- What needs to be documented and formalized
5. **Red flag analysis** -- Any concerns identified in the situation described
6. **Next steps** -- Concrete actions ordered by priority
7. **Disclaimer reminder** -- Note that legal and financial professionals should review agreements


```template
## Technical Co Founder -- Structured Output

### Summary
[Key findings]

### Details
[Detailed analysis]

### Next Steps
- [ ] [Action item 1]
- [ ] [Action item 2]
```


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
- **Conflicting requirements:** Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
- **Beginner vs advanced:** Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with technical co founder for my current situation"

**Output:**

Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to technical co founder:

1. **Assessment:** Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
2. **Strategy:** Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
3. **Implementation:** Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
4. **Review:** Monitor progress and adjust as needed
