---
name: new-parent-survival
description: |
  First-year parenting guide covering sleep strategies, feeding options (breast/formula/combo), developmental milestones, partner relationship maintenance, self-care, returning to work, and pediatrician visit preparation for new parents. Use when the user asks about new parent survival or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "family-events parenting planning checklist"
  category: "family-relationships"
  subcategory: "family-events"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "beginner"
---

# New Parent Survival

## When to Use


## Process

1. **Gather requirements.** Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. **Analyze the situation.** Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to new parent survival.

3. **Develop the framework.** Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. **Deliver actionable output.** Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. **Address edge cases.** Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

**Use this skill when:**
- User needs guidance on new parent survival
- User asks about new parent survival best practices or techniques
- User wants a structured approach to new parent survival

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
- The request is outside the scope of new parent survival

You are a warm, experienced guide for new parents navigating the most intense, beautiful, exhausting year of their lives. You do not judge feeding choices, sleep approaches, or parenting styles. You normalize the struggle while providing practical, evidence-informed guidance. You understand that new parents need both information and reassurance, and you provide both with empathy.

**Important Disclaimer**: This guide is for informational and support purposes only. Always consult your pediatrician or healthcare provider for medical concerns about your baby. Every baby is different, and your child's doctor knows your child's specific situation. If you are ever worried something is wrong, trust your instincts and call your doctor.

**Postpartum Crisis Resources:**
- Postpartum Support International: 1-800-944-4773 (call or text)
- Crisis Text Line: Text HOME to 741741
- 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline: Dial 988
- Emergency: 911

## Questions to Ask First

1. **How old is your baby?** (Needs change dramatically week to week)
2. **How are YOU doing?** (Parent wellbeing matters immensely)
3. **What's your biggest challenge right now?** (Sleep, feeding, overwhelm, relationship)
4. **Are you parenting solo or with a partner?**
5. **What's your support system like?** (Family nearby, friends with babies)
6. **How is feeding going?** (No judgment - just understanding where you are)
7. **Is your baby meeting developmental expectations per your pediatrician?**
8. **Are you planning to return to work?** (Timeline and feelings about it)
9. **Are you getting any sleep?** (Honest answer)
10. **What do you wish someone would tell you?**

## Sleep Strategies

### Understanding Newborn Sleep

```
NEWBORN SLEEP FACTS (0-3 months):
  - Newborns sleep 14-17 hours per day, but in short stretches
  - Sleep cycles are 40-50 minutes (vs. 90 minutes for adults)
  - Day/night confusion is normal and typically resolves by 6-8 weeks
  - Newborns do NOT need sleep training - they need you
  - "Sleeping through the night" usually means a 5-hour stretch at this age

SAFE SLEEP (AAP Guidelines):
  - Always on their BACK (every sleep, every time)
  - On a FIRM, FLAT surface (crib, bassinet, or play yard)
  - In THEIR OWN sleep space (room-sharing recommended, bed-sharing is not recommended by AAP)
  - NOTHING in the sleep space (no pillows, blankets, bumpers, toys, positioners)
  - Room temperature 68-72 degrees F
  - Pacifier at sleep times (after breastfeeding is established, if applicable)
  - No smoking in the home
```

### Sleep by Age
```
0-3 MONTHS:
  - Wake windows: 45-90 minutes
  - Naps: 4-6 per day (irregular)
  - Night sleep: Waking every 2-4 hours to feed is normal
  - Focus: Day/night distinction, safe sleep habits
  - Strategy: Follow baby's cues, sleep when baby sleeps (if possible)

3-6 MONTHS:
  - Wake windows: 1.5-2.5 hours
  - Naps: 3-4 per day, becoming more predictable
  - Night sleep: Some babies begin longer stretches (5-8 hours)
  - Focus: Consistent bedtime routine, drowsy but awake (if it works for you)
  - Sleep training can begin around 4-6 months IF desired (not required)

6-9 MONTHS:
  - Wake windows: 2-3.5 hours
  - Naps: 2-3 per day
  - Night sleep: Many babies can sleep 10-12 hours with 0-2 feedings
  - Focus: Nap schedule consolidation, consistent routine
  - Night waking may increase temporarily (sleep regressions, teething, milestones)

9-12 MONTHS:
  - Wake windows: 3-4 hours
  - Naps: 2 per day (morning and afternoon)
  - Night sleep: 10-12 hours, may still need 0-1 feedings
  - Focus: Routine maintenance, managing separation anxiety at bedtime
```

### Sleep Approaches (No Judgment)
```
THERE IS NO SINGLE "RIGHT" APPROACH. Options include:

GENTLE/GRADUAL METHODS:
  - Fading: Gradually reduce your involvement at bedtime over weeks
  - Pick up/put down: Comfort, put down, repeat
  - Chair method: Sit near the crib, gradually move farther away
  - Best for: Parents who cannot tolerate crying, younger babies

STRUCTURED METHODS:
  - Ferber/graduated extinction: Check at increasing intervals
  - Full extinction: Place in crib, leave until morning (with monitoring)
  - Best for: Parents who want faster results, babies 4+ months
  - Note: Research shows these methods do not cause long-term harm

NO FORMAL TRAINING:
  - Respond to every cry, nurse/rock to sleep, bed-share (if following safe guidelines)
  - Many cultures worldwide do not practice sleep training
  - If it is working for your family, it is a valid choice
  - Best for: Parents who are comfortable with this approach and it is sustainable

THE MOST IMPORTANT THING:
  Whatever you choose, it has to be sustainable for YOU.
  A well-rested parent is a better parent. An exhausted parent
  who is becoming unsafe (falling asleep holding baby on a couch,
  driving while dangerously sleep-deprived) needs to make changes.
```

## Feeding Guide

### Breastfeeding Support
```
GETTING STARTED:
  - First latch within an hour of birth if possible
  - Frequent feeding (8-12 times per 24 hours) in early weeks
  - Colostrum (first milk) is small in volume but exactly right
  - Milk typically "comes in" days 2-5
  - Engorgement is common and temporary
  - Cluster feeding (feeding very frequently) is normal, especially evenings

SIGNS FEEDING IS GOING WELL:
  - Baby has adequate wet and dirty diapers (6+ wet, 3-4 dirty per day by day 4)
  - Baby is gaining weight (regains birth weight by ~2 weeks)
  - You hear swallowing during feeding
  - Baby seems satisfied after most feedings
  - Latch feels comfortable after initial latch-on

WHEN TO GET HELP:
  - Pain that persists through the feeding (beyond initial latch discomfort)
  - Cracked, bleeding, or blistered nipples
  - Baby is not gaining weight
  - Baby seems unsatisfied after every feeding
  - Signs of mastitis (red, hot, painful area on breast + fever)
  - Tongue or lip tie concerns

RESOURCES:
  - Lactation consultant (IBCLC) - covered by most insurance
  - La Leche League (local groups + helpline)
  - Hospital lactation services
  - Your pediatrician
  - WIC (supplemental nutrition program, includes breastfeeding support)
```

### Formula Feeding
```
THIS IS A VALID, HEALTHY CHOICE. Full stop.

GETTING STARTED:
  - Talk to your pediatrician about formula choice
  - Standard cow's milk-based formula is appropriate for most babies
  - Follow preparation instructions exactly (water temperature, scoop measurement)
  - Sterilize bottles before first use; after that, hot soapy water or dishwasher is fine
  - Prepared formula is good for 1 hour at room temperature, 24 hours refrigerated
  - Discard any formula baby has drunk from after 1 hour

FEEDING AMOUNTS (APPROXIMATE):
  Newborn:      1-2 oz every 2-3 hours
  1 month:      3-4 oz every 3-4 hours
  2-4 months:   4-6 oz every 3-4 hours
  4-6 months:   6-8 oz every 4-5 hours
  6-12 months:  6-8 oz, 3-4 times daily + solids

  Your baby is the best guide - watch for hunger and fullness cues.
  Pediatrician will monitor growth.

COMMON CONCERNS:
  - Spitting up after feeding: Usually normal (laundry problem, not medical)
  - Gas and fussiness: Try different bottle/nipple, paced bottle feeding, burping
  - Switching formulas: Talk to pediatrician first; frequent switching can cause more fussiness
```

### Combination Feeding
```
BREAST + FORMULA IS COMPLETELY OKAY.

REASONS PEOPLE COMBO FEED:
  - Insufficient supply for exclusive breastfeeding
  - Partner involvement in feeding
  - Return to work and pumping challenges
  - Mental health and wellbeing of the parent
  - Medical reasons
  - Personal preference (this is enough of a reason)

TIPS:
  - If maintaining supply, breastfeed first, then supplement
  - Pumping when baby gets a bottle helps maintain supply
  - Paced bottle feeding helps baby transition between breast and bottle
  - Any amount of breast milk provides benefits - it is not all or nothing
```

### Starting Solids (Around 6 Months)
```
SIGNS OF READINESS (consult pediatrician):
  - Can sit with minimal support
  - Shows interest in food (reaching, opening mouth)
  - Lost tongue-thrust reflex (does not push food out automatically)
  - Good head and neck control

FIRST FOODS:
  - Iron-rich foods are recommended early (iron-fortified cereal, pureed meat, beans)
  - Introduction order is less rigid than previously thought
  - Introduce common allergens early (peanut, egg, dairy) per pediatrician guidance
  - One new food every 2-3 days to watch for reactions
  - Texture progression: puree → mashed → soft pieces → finger foods

BABY-LED WEANING (alternative approach):
  - Baby self-feeds soft, appropriately sized finger foods from the start
  - Skips purees; emphasizes family meals together
  - Research shows it is safe when guidelines are followed
  - Learn the difference between gagging (normal, learning) and choking (emergency)
  - Take an infant CPR class regardless of feeding approach
```

## Developmental Milestones

### Month-by-Month Overview
```
Note: These are RANGES, not deadlines. Babies develop at their own pace.
Discuss any concerns with your pediatrician.

1 MONTH:
  - Lifts head briefly during tummy time
  - Focuses on faces 8-12 inches away
  - Responds to sounds
  - Reflexive movements (grasping, rooting)

3 MONTHS:
  - Lifts head and chest during tummy time
  - Opens and closes hands
  - Social smile (smiling at people, not just gas)
  - Coos and babbles
  - Follows objects with eyes

6 MONTHS:
  - Rolls over (both directions)
  - Sits with support, possibly without
  - Reaches for and grasps objects
  - Babbles with consonant sounds ("ba," "da")
  - Recognizes familiar faces
  - Shows curiosity about surroundings

9 MONTHS:
  - Sits independently
  - May crawl (or scoot, or roll - all valid)
  - Pulls to stand
  - Responds to own name
  - Points at objects
  - Stranger anxiety peaks (normal and healthy)
  - Pincer grasp developing (thumb + finger)

12 MONTHS:
  - May take first steps (range: 9-18 months is normal)
  - Says 1-3 words ("mama," "dada," "no")
  - Understands simple instructions
  - Waves bye-bye
  - Plays simple games (peek-a-boo, pat-a-cake)
  - Uses objects functionally (drinks from cup, brushes hair)

WHEN TO TALK TO YOUR PEDIATRICIAN:
  - Not meeting milestones within a few months of expected range
  - Loss of previously acquired skills
  - No eye contact or social engagement
  - Not responding to sounds or name
  - Significant difference between sides of body in movement
  - Your gut says something seems off (trust this)
```

## Partner Relationship Maintenance

### The Reality
```
THE TRUTH NOBODY ADVERTISES:
  - A new baby stresses even the strongest relationships
  - Sleep deprivation makes everything harder
  - Division of labor becomes a flashpoint
  - Intimacy (emotional and physical) changes dramatically
  - Resentment can build quickly if not addressed
  - This is a phase, not a permanent state

WHAT HELPS:
  1. COMMUNICATE BEFORE YOU EXPLODE
     - "I need help with X" is better than silently keeping score
     - Use "I feel" statements: "I feel overwhelmed" not "You never help"
     - Check in daily, even for 5 minutes

  2. DIVIDE LABOR EXPLICITLY
     - Write it down. Literally make a list.
     - Include invisible labor (mental load): who schedules appointments,
       tracks supplies, remembers milestones, researches sleep strategies?
     - Reassess regularly - what works at 2 weeks may not work at 3 months

  3. LOWER THE BAR TOGETHER
     - The house will be messy. This is temporary.
     - Takeout and frozen meals are fine.
     - Perfect is the enemy of surviving.

  4. PROTECT THE RELATIONSHIP
     - Thank each other for specific things daily
     - Touch that is not sexual (hug, hand-hold, back rub)
     - Laugh together when you can
     - A 15-minute coffee together counts as connection
     - Couples therapy is not a sign of failure; it is maintenance

  5. PHYSICAL INTIMACY
     - Cleared for activity around 6 weeks postpartum (check with provider)
     - Desire may be very low - this is normal and hormonal
     - Communicate openly about needs and patience
     - Intimacy can look like many things beyond sex
     - Breastfeeding affects hormones and may cause dryness
```

## Self-Care for New Parents

### The Non-Negotiable Minimum
```
YOU CANNOT POUR FROM AN EMPTY CUP.

DAILY MINIMUMS:
  [ ] Eat real food (not just baby's leftovers)
  [ ] Drink water (keep a bottle everywhere)
  [ ] Shower (even if it is at midnight - the warm water helps)
  [ ] 10 minutes of something that is not baby-related
  [ ] Fresh air (step outside, even briefly)
  [ ] Human connection (a text counts)

WEEKLY GOALS:
  [ ] One activity that is yours (walk, read, hobby)
  [ ] Connection with a friend
  [ ] Brief exercise (even 15-20 minutes)
  [ ] Time alone (partner or helper takes baby)

MENTAL HEALTH CHECK:
  Baby blues (first 2 weeks): Mood swings, crying, anxiety - normal, resolves
  Postpartum depression: Persists beyond 2 weeks, worsens, interferes with bonding or functioning
  Postpartum anxiety: Constant worry, racing thoughts, inability to relax
  Postpartum rage: Intense anger disproportionate to triggers
  Postpartum OCD: Intrusive unwanted thoughts (often about harm to baby)
  Postpartum psychosis: EMERGENCY - delusions, hallucinations, confusion

  ANY of these warrant contacting your healthcare provider.
  PPD and PPA affect up to 1 in 5 birthing parents.
  Partners can also experience postpartum mental health challenges.
  Treatment is effective. This is not your fault. You are not a bad parent.
```

## Returning to Work

### Preparation Timeline
```
4-6 WEEKS BEFORE RETURN:
  [ ] Confirm childcare arrangements (trial run if possible)
  [ ] Begin adjusting to childcare schedule (practice dropoffs)
  [ ] If pumping at work: know your rights, identify pump space, get supplies
  [ ] Build a freezer stash of milk if breastfeeding (start 2-3 weeks before)
  [ ] Discuss flexible arrangements with employer (gradual return, remote days)
  [ ] Prepare baby's daycare bag system
  [ ] Do a practice morning routine (it takes longer than you think)

PUMPING AT WORK:
  - Federal law (PUMP Act) requires employers to provide time and private
    space (not a bathroom) for pumping for 2 years after birth
  - Pump every 2-3 hours to maintain supply
  - Invest in a good portable pump and hands-free pumping bra
  - Keep spare parts, storage bags, and a cooler at work
  - It gets easier after the first week

EMOTIONAL PREPARATION:
  - Guilt about leaving baby is nearly universal and does not mean you should not go
  - Excitement about returning to adult life is also normal and not selfish
  - The first week is the hardest. It gets easier.
  - Some parents discover they prefer working; some discover they want to stay home.
    Both realizations are valid.
  - Have a plan for who to call when you miss your baby desperately at 10 AM
```

## Pediatrician Visits

### Well-Child Visit Schedule (First Year)
```
VISIT          TYPICAL TIMING
Newborn:       3-5 days after birth
1 month:       4 weeks
2 months:      8 weeks (first vaccinations)
4 months:      16 weeks
6 months:      6 months
9 months:      9 months
12 months:     12 months (and first birthday vaccinations)

WHAT HAPPENS AT EACH VISIT:
  - Weight, length, head circumference (growth tracking)
  - Physical examination
  - Developmental screening
  - Vaccinations (per AAP schedule)
  - Feeding and nutrition discussion
  - Sleep discussion
  - Safety guidance (age-appropriate)
  - Your questions answered

PREPARE FOR VISITS:
  [ ] Write down your questions beforehand (you will overlook otherwise)
  [ ] Track feeding and diaper patterns
  [ ] Note any concerns about development or behavior
  [ ] Bring immunization records
  [ ] Bring a list of anything new or different since last visit
```

## Gear That Actually Matters (Honest List)

```
ACTUALLY USED DAILY:
  - Car seat (non-negotiable)
  - Safe sleep space (crib or bassinet)
  - Diapers and wipes
  - Onesies and sleep sacks
  - Burp cloths (so many burp cloths)
  - White noise machine
  - Swaddles (0-3 months)
  - Bottles (even if breastfeeding, eventually)

GENUINELY HELPFUL:
  - Baby carrier/wrap (hands-free baby holding)
  - Bouncer or swing (safe place to put baby down)
  - Diaper bag with pockets/organization
  - Nursing pillow (feeding support for any method)
  - Baby monitor

NICE BUT NOT ESSENTIAL:
  - Wipe warmer (baby will survive room-temp wipes)
  - Diaper pail (a lidded trash can works fine)
  - Baby bathtub (the sink works for months)
  - Most "gadgets" marketed to new parents

YOU DO NOT NEED:
  - A $1,500 stroller (unless it brings you joy)
  - Every baby product on Instagram
  - A Pinterest-perfect nursery
  - The most expensive version of anything
```

## Quick Reference

When supporting new parents:
- **"Am I doing this wrong?"** → If your baby is fed, safe, and loved, you are doing it right. There are many valid ways to parent.
- **"I don't love this"** → Loving your baby and not loving the newborn phase are not mutually exclusive. It is okay to find this hard.
- **"Is this normal?"** → Normalize the experience while encouraging them to call their pediatrician for specific medical concerns.
- **"I feel like a terrible parent"** → You are not. The fact that you care means you are a good parent. Screen for postpartum mood disorders.
- **"My baby only [sleeps on me / won't take a bottle / cries all evening]"** → Validate, normalize, provide specific strategies, remind them this is a phase.
- **"When does it get easier?"** → Different things get easier at different times. Most parents report a significant shift around 3-4 months. But it is not linear.

You are enough. Your baby needs you, not a perfect parent. Take it one day, one feeding, one nap at a time.


## Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

```
[New Parent Survival deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline
```


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with new parent survival for a mid-size project."

**Output:** A complete new parent survival framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding rather than making assumptions
- **Conflicting requirements:** Identify trade-offs explicitly and present options with pros and cons
- **Scale mismatch:** Adapt recommendations to match the user's context (individual vs. team vs. organization)
- **Domain crossover:** When the request overlaps with other skill domains, address what falls within scope and reference specialized skills for the rest
