---
name: coffee-enthusiast
description: |
  Guide to specialty coffee including brewing methods, grind size, water temperature, bean selection, home roasting, cupping technique, and equipment recommendations. Use when the user asks about coffee enthusiast or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "guide step-by-step"
  category: "hobbies-crafts"
  subcategory: "collecting"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "beginner"
---

# Coffee Enthusiast

## When to Use


## Process

1. **Gather requirements.** Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. **Analyze the situation.** Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to coffee enthusiast.

3. **Develop the framework.** Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. **Deliver actionable output.** Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. **Address edge cases.** Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

**Use this skill when:**
- User needs guidance on coffee enthusiast
- User asks about coffee enthusiast best practices or techniques
- User wants a structured approach to coffee enthusiast

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
- The request is outside the scope of coffee enthusiast

## Questions to Ask First

Before recommending equipment or beans:

1. How do you currently make coffee? (Drip machine, instant, pod, cafe only)
2. What do you enjoy about coffee? (Energy, flavor, ritual, social aspect)
3. What flavors do you prefer? (Bold and dark / Smooth and balanced / Bright and fruity / Sweet and chocolatey)
4. Do you add milk/cream and sugar, or drink black?
5. How many cups do you drink per day?
6. What is your budget for equipment? ($25-50 / $50-150 / $150-500 / $500+)
7. How much time can you spend on each brew? (2 minutes / 5 minutes / 10+ minutes, I enjoy the process)
8. Are you interested in espresso specifically?
9. Do you have a grinder? (None / Blade / Burr)
10. Have you tried specialty coffee from a local roaster?

## Brewing Methods

### Pour-Over (Hario V60, Chemex, Kalita Wave)

**What it produces**: Clean, nuanced, bright coffee that highlights origin flavors.

**Equipment needed**:
- Dripper (V60 ~$10, Chemex ~$45, Kalita Wave ~$30)
- Paper filters (specific to each brewer)
- Gooseneck kettle ($25-80, essential for control)
- Scale ($15-30)

**Basic V60 Recipe**:
1. Boil water, let cool to 200-205F (93-96C)
2. Place filter in dripper, rinse with hot water (removes paper taste, preheats)
3. Add 18g medium-fine ground coffee
4. Start timer: Pour 40g water, stir gently ("bloom" - releases CO2, wait 30 seconds)
5. Pour slowly in concentric circles to 150g by 1:00
6. Continue pouring to 300g total by 1:45
7. Total brew time target: 2:30-3:30
8. Ratio: 1:16.5 (18g coffee : 300g water)

**Chemex Differences**:
- Thicker filter produces even cleaner cup
- Larger brew volume (use 30g coffee : 500g water)
- Slightly coarser grind than V60
- Slower brew time: 4:00-5:00

**Kalita Wave Differences**:
- Flat bottom with 3 small drain holes
- More forgiving of technique (great for beginners)
- Very consistent results
- Medium grind, 3:00-4:00 brew time

### French Press (Immersion Brewing)

**What it produces**: Full-bodied, rich, heavy coffee with oils and sediment.

**Equipment needed**:
- French press ($15-40, Bodum Chambord is classic)
- Scale
- Kettle (gooseneck not required)
- Timer

**Recipe**:
1. Boil water, let cool to 200F
2. Add 30g coarsely ground coffee to press
3. Pour 500g water, stir gently
4. Place plunger on top (do not press yet)
5. Wait 4 minutes
6. Press plunger down slowly and steadily
7. Pour immediately (do not let coffee sit in press, it will over-extract)
8. Ratio: 1:16.5

**Tips**:
- Coarse grind is critical (fine grind = muddy, over-extracted)
- Some experts recommend not pressing at all - just pour gently off the top for cleaner cup
- Metal mesh filter lets oils through, unlike paper (richer but heavier body)

### AeroPress

**What it produces**: Versatile - can range from espresso-like concentrate to clean filtered coffee.

**Equipment needed**:
- AeroPress ($35)
- Filters (paper included, or reusable metal)
- Kettle
- Scale and timer

**Standard Recipe**:
1. Insert filter, rinse with hot water
2. Add 17g medium-fine ground coffee
3. Pour 220g water at 200F
4. Stir 3 times
5. Insert plunger, wait until 1:30 total time
6. Press down slowly (30 seconds pressing)
7. Stop pressing when you hear a hiss

**Inverted Method**:
1. Assemble AeroPress upside down (plunger at bottom)
2. Add coffee, pour water, stir
3. Steep for 1:30-2:00
4. Attach filter cap, flip onto mug, press
5. More immersion time, bolder flavor

**Why AeroPress Is Popular**:
- Extremely portable (great for travel and camping)
- Nearly unbreakable
- Fast cleanup
- Infinitely adjustable recipes
- Forgiving of variables
- World AeroPress Championship has produced hundreds of creative recipes

### Espresso

**What it produces**: Concentrated, intense, syrupy coffee with crema. Base for lattes, cappuccinos, americanos.

**Equipment needed** (serious investment):
- Espresso machine ($200-2,000+)
- Espresso-capable burr grinder ($150-500+)
- Tamper, scale, distribution tool

**Basic Parameters**:
- Dose: 18-20g finely ground coffee
- Yield: 36-40g liquid espresso
- Time: 25-30 seconds extraction
- Pressure: 9 bars
- Temperature: 200F (93C)

**Entry-Level Espresso Machines**:
- Breville Bambino Plus (~$400): Best beginner machine, good steam wand
- Breville Barista Express (~$600): Built-in grinder (convenient but grinder is basic)
- Gaggia Classic Pro (~$450): Classic Italian design, very upgradeable

**Grinder for Espresso** (separate grinder recommended):
- Baratza Sette 270 (~$350): Good for espresso
- Eureka Mignon series (~$300-500): Excellent, quiet
- 1Zpresso JX-Pro (~$160): Manual, outstanding for the price

### Cold Brew

**What it produces**: Smooth, low-acidity, naturally sweet concentrate. Served cold.

**Recipe**:
1. Combine 100g coarsely ground coffee with 700g cold or room temperature water
2. Stir to saturate all grounds
3. Cover and refrigerate 12-24 hours (longer = stronger)
4. Filter through paper filter or fine mesh
5. Dilute concentrate 1:1 with water, milk, or to taste
6. Keeps in refrigerator for 1-2 weeks

**Quick Cold Brew (Japanese Iced Coffee)**:
- Brew hot pour-over directly onto ice
- Use normal hot brew ratio but replace half the water with ice
- Immediate iced coffee with bright, complex flavors (unlike cold brew's muted profile)

### Moka Pot (Stovetop)

**What it produces**: Strong, concentrated coffee (not true espresso, but closer than drip).

**Recipe**:
1. Fill bottom chamber with hot water to just below the valve
2. Fill filter basket with medium-fine ground coffee, level but do not tamp
3. Assemble and place on medium heat
4. Coffee will begin flowing into upper chamber within 3-4 minutes
5. Remove from heat when you hear sputtering
6. Serve immediately

## Grind Size Guide

Grind size is the single most impactful variable after bean freshness.

| Brew Method | Grind Size | Comparison |
|-------------|-----------|------------|
| Cold brew | Extra coarse | Raw sugar / peppercorns |
| French press | Coarse | Sea salt |
| Chemex | Medium-coarse | Coarse sand |
| Drip machine | Medium | Table salt |
| Pour-over (V60) | Medium-fine | Between table salt and fine sand |
| AeroPress | Medium to fine | Fine sand |
| Moka pot | Medium-fine | Fine sand |
| Espresso | Fine | Powdered sugar / flour |
| Turkish | Extra fine | Powder |

### Grinder Recommendations

**Manual Grinders** (quiet, portable, consistent):
- Hario Skerton Pro ($40): Budget entry, decent for drip/press
- Timemore C2 ($70): Excellent for pour-over, fast grinding
- 1Zpresso JX ($100): Outstanding quality, handles all brew methods
- Comandante C40 ($250): Elite quality, ultra-consistent

**Electric Burr Grinders**:
- Baratza Encore ($150): The standard recommendation for home brewing
- Fellow Ode ($300): Beautiful design, excellent for filter coffee
- Baratza Virtuoso+ ($250): Step up from Encore, digital timer
- Niche Zero ($700): Single-dose, excellent for espresso and filter

**Avoid blade grinders**: They produce inconsistent particle sizes (some powder, some boulders), leading to simultaneous over-extraction and under-extraction.

## Water Temperature

- **Optimal range**: 195-205F (90-96C)
- **Lighter roasts**: Higher temperature (200-205F) to extract more flavor
- **Darker roasts**: Lower temperature (195-200F) to avoid bitterness
- **Cold brew**: Room temperature or refrigerated water (no heat needed)
- Boil water and let sit 30-60 seconds to reach ~200F
- Variable temperature kettles set exact temperature ($40-100)

### Water Quality
- Water is 98% of brewed coffee; it matters enormously
- Avoid distilled (too flat, poor extraction) and very hard water (mineral interference)
- Ideal: 50-175 ppm TDS (total dissolved solids)
- If your tap water tastes good, it will probably make good coffee
- If tap water is very hard or has chlorine taste, use filtered water (Brita is fine)
- For obsessive precision: Third Wave Water mineral packets added to distilled water

## Bean Selection

### Roast Levels

**Light Roast**:
- Light brown color, no oil on surface
- Highest acidity, most origin character
- Fruity, floral, tea-like qualities
- Best for: Pour-over, AeroPress, those who want to taste origin
- Labels: City, Light City, Half City, Cinnamon

**Medium Roast**:
- Medium brown, may have slight oil
- Balanced acidity and body
- Caramel, chocolate, nut flavors emerge
- Best for: All brew methods, most accessible to new specialty coffee drinkers
- Labels: City+, Full City, American Roast

**Dark Roast**:
- Dark brown to nearly black, oily surface
- Low acidity, heavy body
- Smoky, bitter, burnt sugar, dark chocolate
- Best for: Espresso (traditional Italian style), French press, cold brew
- Labels: Full City+, French, Italian, Vienna

### Origin Flavors

**Africa**:
- **Ethiopia**: Birthplace of coffee. Floral, fruity (blueberry, citrus), wine-like, complex
- **Kenya**: Bright, vibrant acidity, blackcurrant, grapefruit, tomato-like

**Central America**:
- **Guatemala**: Chocolate, nuts, spice, full-bodied, balanced
- **Costa Rica**: Clean, bright, honey sweetness, citrus
- **Colombia**: Classic balanced profile, caramel, nutty, medium body

**South America**:
- **Brazil**: Chocolate, nutty, low acidity, heavy body, great for espresso blends

**Asia/Pacific**:
- **Sumatra (Indonesia)**: Earthy, herbal, full-bodied, low acidity, spicy
- **Java**: Smooth, clean, slightly smoky

### Freshness
- Buy whole beans (ground coffee goes stale in hours)
- Look for roast date on bag (not "best by" date)
- Peak flavor: 7-21 days after roasting (needs a few days to degas, then declines)
- Buy in quantities you will use within 2-3 weeks
- Store in airtight container at room temperature (NOT in refrigerator or freezer for daily use)
- Freezing works for long-term storage: Freeze in single-dose portions, do not refreeze after thawing

## Home Roasting Basics

### Why Roast at Home?
- Green coffee is half the price of roasted
- Ultimate freshness (roast only what you need)
- Control the roast level to your exact preference
- Fascinating and addictive hobby

### Methods (Beginner to Advanced)
1. **Popcorn popper**: Modified hot air popper ($20-30) - produces small batches, surprisingly good results
2. **Oven roasting**: Cookie sheet in 450F oven, stir every 2-3 minutes (smoke warning)
3. **Dedicated home roaster**: Fresh Roast SR540 ($200), Behmor 2000AB ($370)
4. **Drum roaster**: Aillio Bullet ($3,000+) - professional quality at home

### Roasting Stages
1. **Drying phase** (0-5 min): Green beans turn yellow, grassy smell
2. **First crack** (7-10 min): Audible popping (like popcorn), light roast begins here
3. **Development** (after first crack): Continue for medium to dark roast
4. **Second crack** (if reached): Louder cracking, oil appears - dark roast territory
5. **Cool immediately**: Stop roasting by transferring to colander and stirring in cool air

### Green Bean Sources
- Sweet Maria's (sweetmarias.com) - Best educational content and selection
- Happy Mug (happymugcoffee.com) - Affordable, good quality
- Burman Coffee Traders - Large selection

## Cupping Technique

### What Is Cupping?
The standardized method professionals use to evaluate coffee. Simple setup, powerful tool for developing your palate.

### Cupping Protocol
1. **Grind**: 11g coffee, coarse (slightly coarser than drip)
2. **Smell dry grounds**: Note aromas (fragrance)
3. **Add water**: 200F, 200g water, pour directly onto grounds
4. **Wait 4 minutes**: Crust of grounds forms on top
5. **Break the crust**: Push floating grounds aside with spoon, smell deeply (wet aroma)
6. **Skim**: Remove floating grounds and foam from surface
7. **Slurp**: Using spoon, slurp aggressively (aerates coffee across palate)
8. **Evaluate**: Acidity, body, flavor, sweetness, aftertaste, balance
9. **Compare**: Cup multiple coffees side by side for comparison
10. **As it cools**: Re-evaluate, flavors change as temperature drops

### Developing Your Palate
- Cup regularly (weekly)
- Cup coffees from different origins side by side
- Try to identify specific flavor notes
- Use the SCA Flavor Wheel as reference
- Do not worry about "right" answers - your perception is valid
- Over time, you will detect increasingly subtle differences

## Equipment Recommendations by Budget

### Starter Kit ($50-75)
- Hario V60 dripper + filters ($10)
- Basic kettle with thermometer ($20)
- Kitchen scale ($15)
- Hario Skerton grinder ($40) or pre-ground from local roaster (free)
- Fresh beans from local roaster ($15-18/bag)

### Enthusiast Kit ($150-300)
- Pour-over dripper of choice ($10-45)
- Gooseneck electric kettle with temperature control ($50-80)
- Timemore C2 or Baratza Encore grinder ($70-150)
- Coffee scale with timer ($20-30)
- AeroPress for variety ($35)
- Subscription to local roaster

### Serious Setup ($500-1,000)
- Multiple brew methods (V60 + AeroPress + French press)
- Fellow Stagg EKG kettle ($165)
- Baratza Virtuoso+ or 1Zpresso JX ($100-250)
- Acaia Pearl scale ($150) or Timemore Black Mirror ($60)
- Entry-level espresso machine if desired ($400-600)

### No-Compromise ($1,000+)
- Premium grinder (Niche Zero, Comandante, or Baratza Vario+)
- Quality espresso machine (Breville Dual Boiler, Lelit Bianca)
- Multiple pour-over methods
- Home roasting setup
- Temperature-controlled kettle

## Troubleshooting Common Issues

### Coffee Tastes Bitter
- Grind is too fine (over-extraction)
- Water too hot
- Brew time too long
- Ratio too strong (not enough water)
- Solution: Coarsen grind, lower temperature, or reduce contact time

### Coffee Tastes Sour/Acidic
- Grind is too coarse (under-extraction)
- Water too cool
- Brew time too short
- Solution: Finer grind, hotter water, or longer contact time

### Coffee Tastes Flat/Weak
- Not enough coffee (increase dose)
- Stale beans (check roast date)
- Water quality issues
- Under-extraction (adjust grind finer)

### Coffee Tastes Papery
- Filter not rinsed (always rinse paper filters with hot water first)

## Progression Path

1. **Phase 1**: Buy fresh beans from local roaster, upgrade to pour-over or French press
2. **Phase 2**: Get a burr grinder, learn to dial in grind size, develop tasting notes
3. **Phase 3**: Try multiple brew methods, explore origins, start cupping
4. **Phase 4**: Consider espresso, try home roasting, visit roasteries
5. **Phase 5**: Refine technique, participate in community events, teach others
6. **Phase 6**: SCA certifications, competition, or start your own roasting project

## Resources

- **James Hoffmann** (YouTube): The most influential coffee educator online
- **Scott Rao** books: "Everything but Espresso," "The Professional Barista's Handbook"
- **SCA (Specialty Coffee Association)**: Certifications, events, standards
- **r/coffee** and **r/espresso**: Active communities
- **Coffee Compass** (baristahustle.com): Visual tool for dialing in flavor
- **Local specialty cafes**: Ask baristas questions, they love sharing knowledge


## Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

```
[Coffee Enthusiast deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline
```


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with coffee enthusiast for a mid-size project."

**Output:** A complete coffee enthusiast framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.
