---
name: college-essay-coach
description: |
  Expert guidance for college application essays including Common App prompt analysis, brainstorming exercises for finding compelling topics, discovering authentic voice, effective essay structure, showing versus telling techniques, the revision process, supplemental essay strategies, and understanding what admissions officers look for. Use when the user asks about college essay coach or needs help with related topics. Do NOT use for unrelated domains or when a more specialized skill exists.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "teaching writing guide"
  category: "education"
  subcategory: "teaching"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "beginner"
---

# College Essay Coach

## When to Use


## Process

1. **Gather requirements.** Ask the user clarifying questions about their specific context, goals, constraints, and experience level.

2. **Analyze the situation.** Review the information provided and identify key factors, challenges, and opportunities relevant to college essay coach.

3. **Develop the framework.** Create a structured approach tailored to the user's needs, incorporating best practices and domain-specific considerations.

4. **Deliver actionable output.** Present specific, implementable recommendations with clear rationale, timelines, and success criteria.

5. **Address edge cases.** Proactively identify potential issues, alternative approaches, and contingency plans.

**Use this skill when:**
- User needs guidance on college essay coach
- User asks about college essay coach best practices or techniques
- User wants a structured approach to college essay coach

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- A more specialized skill exists for the specific subtopic
- The request is outside the scope of college essay coach

## Questions to Ask First

1. Which colleges are you applying to, and what essay prompts do they require?
2. What is your application deadline (early decision, early action, regular decision)?
3. Have you started brainstorming topics, or are you starting from scratch?
4. What do you think makes you unique or different from other applicants?
5. Is there a particular experience, challenge, or interest that has shaped who you are?
6. What is the rest of your application like (GPA, test scores, extracurriculars, recommendations)? What story does it already tell?
7. Is there anything important about you that is NOT reflected elsewhere in your application?
8. What kind of writing do you feel most comfortable with?
9. Do you have a draft already that needs revision, or do you need help getting started?
10. Are there any topics you feel strongly about writing about (or strongly want to avoid)?

---

## Phase 1: Understanding What Admissions Officers Want

### The Purpose of the College Essay

The essay is your only chance to speak directly to the admissions committee in your own voice. Everything else in your application is facts and others' perspectives. The essay reveals:
- How you think (not just what you think)
- Your self-awareness and maturity
- Your writing ability and communication skills
- Who you are beyond grades and activities
- How you will contribute to the campus community

### What Admissions Officers Look For

**They want to see:**
- Authenticity and genuine voice (not what you think they want to hear)
- Self-reflection and insight (not just describing events)
- Strong writing (clear, engaging, specific)
- A window into your character, values, and how you process the world
- Growth, curiosity, resilience, or empathy

**They do NOT want to see:**
- A resume in essay form (listing accomplishments)
- Cliches and generic statements ("I learned the importance of hard work")
- Someone else's voice (parent-written or over-edited essays are obvious)
- Trying to impress with vocabulary or SAT words
- A topic chosen because it sounds impressive rather than meaningful
- Shock value or controversial takes for their own sake
- Perfect people with no vulnerability

### The Admissions Reader's Reality
- They read thousands of essays per cycle
- They spend 5-10 minutes per essay on first read
- They are looking for reasons to advocate for you in committee
- A memorable, authentic essay stands out far more than a technically perfect but generic one

---

## Phase 2: Common App Prompts Analysis

The Common Application typically offers 7 prompts. Here is how to approach each type:

### Prompt Type 1: Background, Identity, Interest, or Talent
"Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it."

**Best for:** Students with a defining characteristic, cultural background, unusual hobby, or deep passion that shapes how they see the world.

**Approach:** Do not just describe the thing -- show how it has shaped your perspective, decisions, or growth. The essay should reveal something about YOU, not just about the topic.

### Prompt Type 2: Overcoming a Challenge or Setback
"The lessons we take from obstacles we encounter can be fundamental to later success."

**Best for:** Students who have faced genuine adversity and can reflect on what they learned without being defined by the struggle.

**Approach:** Spend 30% on the challenge, 70% on your response and growth. Avoid victimhood -- show agency and resilience. Be specific about how you changed.

### Prompt Type 3: Questioning a Belief or Idea
"Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea."

**Best for:** Students who are intellectually curious, willing to examine assumptions, and comfortable with nuance and complexity.

**Approach:** Show your thought process. What did you believe, what prompted questioning, how did your thinking evolve? Avoid being preachy or self-righteous.

### Prompt Type 4: Gratitude
"Reflect on something that someone has done for you that has made you happy or thankful in a surprising way."

**Best for:** Students who can turn a moment of gratitude into a deeper reflection about relationships, community, or personal values.

**Approach:** Make it specific and surprising (not generic thankfulness). Use this as a lens to show your values and how you relate to others.

### Prompt Type 5: Personal Growth
"Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others."

**Best for:** Students with a clear turning point or "aha moment" that changed their trajectory or perspective.

**Approach:** Focus on the transformation, not just the event. Small moments can be more powerful than big achievements.

### Prompt Type 6: Topic of Fascination
"Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time."

**Best for:** Students with deep intellectual curiosity or passion. Lets you nerd out and show how your mind works.

**Approach:** Be specific and show your enthusiasm. Connect the fascination to who you are and how you engage with the world.

### Prompt Type 7: Open Topic
"Share an essay on any topic of your choice."

**Best for:** Students whose best essay does not fit other prompts, or who have a unique approach in mind.

---

## Phase 3: Brainstorming Exercises

### Exercise 1: The Essence Inventory
Answer these quickly, without overthinking:
- What do you do that makes time disappear?
- What makes you angry about the world?
- What is something you have taught yourself?
- When have you felt most alive?
- What is something you believe that most of your peers do not?
- What is a small, specific moment you remember vividly?
- What would your closest friend say is your most defining quality?
- What is something you have failed at that mattered to you?
- What is a family tradition or cultural practice that shaped you?
- What object in your room best represents who you are?

### Exercise 2: Map Your Turning Points
Draw a timeline of your life and mark:
- Moments that changed your direction
- Challenges that forced growth
- Discoveries that excited you
- Relationships that shaped you
- Decisions that defined you

Look for moments that might seem small but had outsized impact.

### Exercise 3: The Dinner Table Test
If you were at dinner with the admissions committee, what story about yourself would you tell that would make them think: "I want this person at our school"?

It does not have to be about an achievement. It could be about:
- How you think about problems
- How you treat people
- What you care about deeply
- A quirky interest or perspective
- How you handle difficulty

### Exercise 4: The "So What?" Filter
For each potential topic, ask:
- What does this reveal about me that is not already in my application?
- Can I write about this with specific detail and genuine emotion?
- Will this essay help them understand how I think, not just what I have done?
- Is this MY story, or could anyone write this essay?

---

## Phase 4: Finding Your Authentic Voice

### What Authentic Voice Sounds Like

**Authentic:** "I reorganize my bookshelf by color when I am stressed. It started as procrastination, but somewhere between alphabetizing and rainbow-sorting, I realized I was sorting my own thoughts."

**Not authentic:** "Throughout my life, I have demonstrated resilience in the face of challenges, which has taught me the value of perseverance."

### Voice Principles

**Write like you talk (but polished):**
- Read your essay aloud. If it sounds nothing like you, revise.
- Use vocabulary you actually use, not thesaurus words.
- Vary sentence length. Mix short punchy sentences with longer ones.
- Include your natural humor if you are funny (do not force it if you are not).

**Be specific, not general:**
- Not: "I love helping people" --> "Every Tuesday I sit with Mrs. Chen at the nursing home while she teaches me to fold dumplings, even though she has told me a hundred times that my pleats are crooked"
- Not: "I am passionate about science" --> "I spent three weeks trying to get my sourdough starter to survive, documenting pH levels and temperature like it was a patient in the ICU"

**Show vulnerability without wallowing:**
- You do not need to share your deepest trauma
- But genuine reflection about struggle, failure, or uncertainty is powerful
- Admissions officers value self-awareness over perfection

---

## Phase 5: Structure That Works

### The Classic Structure (Modified for College Essays)

**Opening (Hook):** Start with a specific moment, image, or statement that draws the reader in. Drop them into a scene.

**Context/Background:** Briefly provide necessary context (do not overexplain).

**The Turn:** The challenge, realization, or shift that drives the essay.

**Reflection:** What you learned, how you grew, what this means about who you are.

**Connection/Forward Look:** How this connects to your future, your values, or how you will contribute to the college community.

### Alternative Structures

**The Montage:** String together several related vignettes or moments around a central theme. Works well for identity, interest, or background essays.

**The Narrative Arc:** Tell one story from beginning to end with a clear climax and resolution. Works well for challenge or growth essays.

**The Lens:** Use one specific object, place, or activity as a lens through which to explore who you are. Works well for "topic of fascination" or identity essays.

**The Contrast:** Juxtapose two different experiences, perspectives, or versions of yourself to show growth or complexity.

### What NOT to Structure Like
- A five-paragraph essay (this is not a school assignment)
- A chronological autobiography (too broad, too impersonal)
- A list of accomplishments with transitions
- An op-ed or persuasive essay on a social issue

---

## Phase 6: Showing Not Telling

### The Most Important Writing Principle

**Telling:** "I am a hard worker who cares about my community."
**Showing:** "At 5 AM, while my teammates were still asleep, I was setting up 200 chairs in the gymnasium for the community breakfast we had spent six months planning."

### Show vs. Tell Conversion Practice

| Telling | Showing |
|---------|---------|
| "I was nervous" | "My hands were shaking so badly that the sheet music rattled against the stand" |
| "My grandmother is important to me" | "Every Sunday she calls at exactly 9 AM, and the first thing she asks is not how school is going, but whether I remembered to eat breakfast" |
| "I learned leadership" | "When three team members quit the week before our presentation, I spent the weekend rewriting the script for four voices instead of seven" |
| "I am creative" | Describe what you create, how you create it, what it feels like |
| "I overcame adversity" | Take the reader INTO the moment of struggle and the specific actions you took |

### Sensory Detail Checklist
When writing key scenes, include at least 2-3 sensory details:
- [ ] What did you see (specific visual details)?
- [ ] What did you hear?
- [ ] What did you physically feel (temperature, texture)?
- [ ] What did you smell or taste?
- [ ] What was the emotional sensation in your body?

---

## Phase 7: The Revision Process

### Revision Rounds

**Round 1: Content and Story (Big Picture)**
- Does the essay answer the prompt?
- Is there a clear central theme or insight?
- Does it reveal something meaningful about you?
- Is the opening compelling enough to keep reading?
- Does the essay end strongly (not with a generic conclusion)?
- Would someone who knows you recognize you in this essay?

**Round 2: Structure and Flow**
- Does each paragraph serve a purpose?
- Are transitions natural?
- Is the pacing right (not too slow at the start, not rushed at the end)?
- Is anything confusing or unclear?
- Can anything be cut without losing meaning?

**Round 3: Voice and Language**
- Does it sound like you (not your English teacher or your parent)?
- Are you showing instead of telling?
- Is the language specific and concrete (not vague and abstract)?
- Are there any cliches to replace?
- Is your vocabulary natural, not inflated?

**Round 4: Polish**
- Grammar, spelling, punctuation
- Word count (typically 650 words for Common App -- use every word wisely)
- Consistent tense and point of view
- Read aloud one final time

### Revision Red Flags
- If a reader says "so what?" at the end -- you need more reflection
- If a reader says "I don't understand why this matters" -- clarify your insight
- If a reader says "this could be about anyone" -- add more specific detail
- If multiple readers have the same confusion -- fix it (do not explain it away)

### How Many Readers is Enough?
- 2-3 trusted readers is ideal
- Too many readers leads to conflicting advice and a muddled voice
- Best readers: one who knows you well, one who does not know you, one strong writer
- Your parent can read for typos but should not rewrite sentences
- A school counselor or English teacher can provide structural feedback

---

## Phase 8: Supplemental Essays

### Common Supplemental Essay Types

**"Why This School?"**
- Be SPECIFIC. Name professors, programs, courses, clubs, traditions.
- Show you have actually researched the school.
- Connect your specific interests to what the school uniquely offers.
- Never write a generic essay that could apply to any school.

**"Why This Major?"**
- Tell the story of how this interest developed.
- Show depth of engagement beyond classroom requirements.
- Connect to specific opportunities at the school.
- Be honest if you are undecided (some schools appreciate intellectual curiosity).

**"Community" Essays**
- Define your community specifically (not vaguely).
- Show your role and contribution (not just membership).
- Reflect on what the community means to you and what you bring to it.

**"Diversity" Essays**
- Broad definition -- not just race/ethnicity.
- Can include perspective, experience, skill, interest.
- Focus on what unique perspective you will ADD to the campus.

**Short Answer (150-250 words)**
- Be concise and direct.
- One strong example is better than several vague ones.
- Still show personality and voice.
- Do not waste words on generic openings.

### Supplemental Essay Strategy
- Each supplemental should add NEW information not in your main essay
- Together, your essays should paint a complete picture
- Track which qualities/stories each essay covers to avoid repetition
- Spend as much time on supplementals as the main essay -- schools notice

---

## Topics to Approach with Caution

**Not necessarily bad topics, but require exceptional execution:**
- Sports (very common, must go beyond "teamwork" and "discipline")
- Mission trips or voluntourism (risk of savior narrative)
- Death of a grandparent (very common -- must be deeply personal and specific)
- Mental health struggles (can be powerful if you show growth, not just suffering)
- Immigration stories (common at some schools -- must be YOUR unique angle)
- COVID-19 (extremely common -- only if you have a truly unique experience)

**Topics to avoid entirely:**
- Anything illegal or potentially harmful
- Controversial political opinions meant to provoke
- Listing achievements without reflection
- Someone else's story (the essay must be about YOU)
- Topics meant to make the reader feel sorry for you (without agency or growth)

---

## Essay Checklist Before Submitting

- [ ] Does the essay answer the specific prompt?
- [ ] Is the essay within the word count limit?
- [ ] Does the opening grab attention in the first two sentences?
- [ ] Is there a clear central insight or theme?
- [ ] Do you show rather than tell?
- [ ] Does the essay sound like YOUR voice?
- [ ] Does it reveal something the rest of the application does not?
- [ ] Have you proofread for grammar, spelling, and punctuation?
- [ ] Is the school name correct in every supplemental (common mistake when reusing)?
- [ ] Have 2-3 people read it and provided feedback?
- [ ] Do you feel genuinely represented by this essay?
- [ ] Would you be comfortable if your teacher, friend, and grandmother all read it?

The best college essays are not about being extraordinary. They are about being extraordinarily honest and self-aware about your own ordinary, unique human experience.


## Output Format

Deliver the response as a structured document with clear headings and actionable content. Use tables for comparisons, numbered lists for sequential steps, and bullet points for options. Include specific examples where applicable.

```
[College Essay Coach deliverable]
1. Context and objectives
2. Analysis or framework
3. Specific recommendations with rationale
4. Action items with timeline
```


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with college essay coach for a mid-size project."

**Output:** A complete college essay coach framework tailored to the specific context, with actionable steps, relevant considerations, and measurable outcomes.


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding rather than making assumptions
- **Conflicting requirements:** Identify trade-offs explicitly and present options with pros and cons
- **Scale mismatch:** Adapt recommendations to match the user's context (individual vs. team vs. organization)
- **Domain crossover:** When the request overlaps with other skill domains, address what falls within scope and reference specialized skills for the rest
