---
name: beginner-running-plan
description: |
  Builds an 8-week run/walk progression plan for complete beginners aiming to run a continuous 5K (3.1 miles). Gathers the user's current activity level, schedule, and any physical limitations to produce a structured week-by-week training plan with effort targets, weekly mileage caps, rest day guidelines, and injury-prevention notes.
  Use when the user asks about starting to run, couch-to-5K plans, beginner running programs, or how to build running endurance from zero.
  Do NOT use for intermediate or advanced running training, marathon preparation, speed work or interval training for experienced runners, or trail running technique (use hiking-trip-planner for trail planning).
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "beginner-friendly workout-planning running checklist"
  category: "hobbies-crafts"
  subcategory: "outdoor-recreation"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "beginner"
---
# Beginner Running Plan

## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- A user explicitly says they have never run before or have not run in 5+ years and wants to start
- A user asks about a "couch-to-5K," "C25K," or "walk-to-run" program by name
- A user asks how to build cardiovascular endurance from zero without prior running history
- A user wants to complete their first 5K race (3.1 miles) and needs a structured path to get there
- A user describes themselves as sedentary, a walker, or a casual exerciser who wants to add running
- A user asks how to run without getting winded, how to pace themselves as a beginner, or when they should walk vs. run
- A user asks about starting a running habit for general health, weight management, or mental wellness reasons
- A parent or coach asks for a beginner running structure to introduce a teenager or older adult to running

**Do NOT use when:**
- User already runs 3+ miles continuously without stopping -- use an intermediate or 10K training skill instead
- User asks about marathon, half-marathon, or 10K race preparation -- those require periodization and long-run structures beyond this skill
- User wants speed work, tempo runs, VO2 max training, or interval training for performance improvement -- those presuppose an aerobic base this plan builds
- User describes a current injury (stress fracture, IT band syndrome, Achilles tendinopathy, knee surgery recovery) -- direct them to a physical therapist or sports medicine physician first
- User asks about trail running technique, gear selection for off-road running, or elevation training -- use a hiking or trail-specific skill
- User is a competitive runner returning from a break of less than 6 months -- they already have a fitness base and need a return-to-running protocol, not a beginner plan
- User asks specifically about running form mechanics or gait retraining -- those are advanced topics that belong in a dedicated running form skill

---

## Process

### Step 1: Gather the Four Essential Inputs Before Building Anything

Do not produce a plan without first collecting these. If the user has already provided some, confirm them; if not, ask in one grouped message.

- **Current activity level** -- choose the most accurate description: (a) completely sedentary, desk-bound most of the day; (b) walks occasionally (1-2 times per week, under 20 minutes); (c) walks regularly (3+ times per week, 20-30+ minutes); (d) active in other ways (cycling, swimming, yoga) but has never run; (e) used to run years ago but has not in 5+ years
- **Baseline walking test** -- can they walk briskly (fast enough to slightly raise the heart rate but still hold a conversation) for 30 continuous minutes? This single question determines whether a pre-program walking phase is needed
- **Available training days** -- how many days per week can they commit, and which specific days? Three days is the evidence-based minimum for aerobic adaptation; four is acceptable; two requires extending to 12+ weeks; five or more risks overuse injury for a beginner
- **Physical flags** -- any conditions mentioned by a doctor, such as knee osteoarthritis, asthma, diabetes, hypertension, or prior lower-limb injuries. Note: do NOT ask users to self-diagnose. Ask: "Has a doctor ever told you to avoid high-impact activity or given you any exercise restrictions?"
- **Environment and goal** -- preferred surface (track, treadmill, sidewalk, park path) and primary motivation (complete a 5K race, build a habit, improve health, lose weight). Motivation shapes the framing and accountability section of the plan, not the structure itself

### Step 2: Assess the Starting Point and Assign a Starting Week

Use the assessment matrix below. Placing the runner in the wrong starting week is the single most common cause of early injury and dropout.

- **Cannot walk briskly for 30 minutes:** Begin with a 2-week walking pre-program (called Week 0A and Week 0B) before starting Week 1. Sessions are walks only, building from 20 minutes to 30 minutes in small increments. This is not a demotion -- it is building the connective tissue base (tendons, ligaments, and bone density all require 4-6 weeks to begin adapting to impact loading)
- **Can walk 30 minutes briskly but has never run (or not in 5+ years):** Start at Week 1 of the standard progression
- **Can run for 1-2 minutes at a time before needing to stop:** Start at Week 2 or Week 3 depending on how comfortable those intervals feel
- **Can run for 3-5 minutes continuously:** Start at Week 4; test Week 4 intervals on the first session and drop back to Week 3 if it feels like maximum effort
- **Can run 5+ minutes continuously but tires quickly:** Start at Week 5; the Week 5 structure of 5-minute run / 1-minute walk for 4 repetitions is the appropriate entry challenge

**Key physiological principle to communicate:** The cardiovascular system adapts in 4-6 weeks. The musculoskeletal system (bones, tendons, ligaments) takes 8-12 weeks. Beginners who feel cardiovascularly fine often push too far too fast because their lungs feel okay while their tendons are accumulating micro-damage. This is the primary cause of shin splints and stress reactions in beginners.

### Step 3: Build the Week-by-Week Run/Walk Progression

Construct the full progression table using the standard 8-week structure below. Adjust the starting week based on Step 2 assessment.

**Session structure for every workout:**
- 5-minute warm-up walk at a comfortable pace (never skip -- this is not optional)
- The run/walk interval block (see table)
- 5-minute cool-down walk at an easy pace
- 3-5 minutes of gentle static stretching (calves, hip flexors, hamstrings)

**Standard 8-Week Progression Table:**

| Week | Run Interval | Walk Interval | Repetitions | Total Run Time | Total Session Time | Weekly Mileage (est. @ 12:00/mi pace) |
|------|-------------|---------------|-------------|----------------|-------------------|---------------------------------------|
| 1    | 1 min       | 2 min         | 8           | 8 min          | 29 min            | ~2.0 miles/week (3 sessions)          |
| 2    | 2 min       | 2 min         | 6           | 12 min         | 29 min            | ~2.5 miles/week                       |
| 3    | 3 min       | 1.5 min       | 5           | 15 min         | 27.5 min          | ~3.0 miles/week                       |
| 4    | 4 min       | 1 min         | 5           | 20 min         | 30 min            | ~3.5 miles/week                       |
| 5    | 5 min       | 1 min         | 4           | 20 min         | 29 min            | ~3.5 miles/week                       |
| 6    | 8 min       | 1 min         | 3           | 24 min         | 30 min            | ~4.0 miles/week                       |
| 7    | 12 min      | 1 min         | 2           | 24 min         | 28 min            | ~4.0 miles/week                       |
| 8    | 30 min      | --            | 1           | 30 min         | 35 min            | ~4.5 miles/week                       |

**Weekly mileage estimates are based on a conservative 12:00/mile pace.** Many beginners run at 13:00-14:00/mile pace, which is completely correct and results in slightly lower mileage -- this is fine. The 10% rule governs time, not distance, for beginners because beginners cannot reliably measure distance without GPS.

**Effort target for every run interval:** Conversational pace. The runner must be able to say a full 6-8 word sentence out loud while running. The physiological reason: a conversational pace corresponds approximately to 60-70% of maximum heart rate, which is the aerobic training zone that builds the cardiovascular base. Running faster than conversational pace as a beginner primarily trains anaerobic systems and causes excessive fatigue without additional aerobic benefit -- and it dramatically increases injury risk.

**When run intervals feel impossible mid-session:** Shorten each run interval by 30 seconds and add 30 seconds to the walk interval. Complete the session. Do not stop the session entirely. Finishing the session at a modified interval is a training success; stopping early teaches the brain that quitting is the response to difficulty.

### Step 4: Assign Rest Days and Define What "Rest" Means

Rest day placement is as important as the run days. Provide a specific named-day schedule.

- **Minimum gap:** 1 full rest day between every run session. For Weeks 1-4, recommend 2 rest days between sessions when possible (e.g., Monday/Thursday/Saturday works well; Monday/Wednesday/Friday is acceptable but tighter)
- **Active recovery is optimal on rest days:** A 20-30 minute easy walk, swimming, cycling, or yoga keeps blood circulating to adapting muscles without the impact loading of running. This is not required but accelerates recovery versus complete sedentary rest
- **Strength work on rest days (Weeks 3-8):** Add 2 short bodyweight sessions per week of 10-15 minutes. The three most important exercises for beginner runners are: (1) single-leg glute bridges -- 3 sets of 10 per side, targets gluteus medius weakness, the root cause of runner's knee; (2) heel raises -- 3 sets of 15, strengthens the calf-Achilles complex; (3) clamshells -- 3 sets of 12 per side with a resistance band, targets hip external rotators. These three exercises address the three most common beginner running injury patterns

### Step 5: Include Specific Injury-Prevention Education

This section is non-negotiable. Every plan must include it. Frame it as "how to make the plan work," not as medical advice.

**The 10% Rule -- apply to time, not pace:**
- Never increase total weekly running time by more than 10% from one week to the next
- The standard progression in Step 3 already respects this rule when sessions are 3 per week
- If a user adds an extra session one week (going from 3 to 4 sessions), they are effectively increasing volume by 33% -- warn against this

**Shin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome):**
- Cause in beginners: rapid increase in mileage or impact on hard surfaces before bone density adapts
- Prevention: follow the progression strictly, land with feet under hips (not out in front), run on softer surfaces for the first 4 weeks, do calf raises daily
- Warning sign: dull aching pain along the inner lower leg that starts during runs and resolves with rest. If it worsens during a run or is present at rest, stop running and rest 5-7 days

**Runner's knee (patellofemoral pain syndrome):**
- Cause in beginners: weak quadriceps and hip abductors allow the kneecap to track improperly
- Prevention: single-leg glute bridges, lateral band walks, step-downs from a low step
- Warning sign: dull ache under or around the kneecap that worsens going downstairs or sitting for long periods. Take 3-5 rest days, add hip strengthening, repeat the previous week

**Plantar fasciitis:**
- Cause in beginners: tight calf and Achilles complex, poor shoe support, rapid mileage increase
- Prevention: stretch calves after every run (gastrocnemius stretch: straight knee against a wall; soleus stretch: bent knee against a wall -- 30 seconds each), roll the bottom of the foot on a frozen water bottle for 2 minutes post-run if soreness develops
- Warning sign: sharp or stabbing heel pain on the first steps in the morning. This resolves with movement but returns. Address it at the first sign -- ignoring it leads to 3-6 months of recovery

**IT band syndrome:**
- Less common in beginners than in intermediate runners but can appear in Week 5-8 when run intervals lengthen
- Warning sign: sharp pain on the outside of the knee, usually appearing after 15-20 minutes of continuous running
- Prevention: foam roll the lateral quadriceps (not the IT band itself -- rolling the IT band directly is ineffective and painful), add hip abductor strengthening

**Stop running immediately for:** any sharp, stabbing, or joint-specific pain; pain that worsens during the run (soreness that stays flat or reduces after the first 10 minutes is normal; pain that builds is not); any swelling in a joint; pain that causes limping. These warrant 5-7 days rest and assessment by a healthcare professional if they persist.

### Step 6: Provide Footwear Guidance That Is Specific and Actionable

Poor footwear is the most preventable source of beginner injury and is consistently underestimated.

- **The most important guidance:** Go to a specialty running store for a fitting. Staff at running specialty stores (not general sporting goods stores) are trained to assess gait and recommend appropriate shoes. This service is usually free. If no specialty store is accessible, use the guidance below
- **Fit criteria:** 0.5 inch (one thumb's width) of space between the longest toe and the front of the shoe when standing; the heel should feel snug with no slipping; the widest part of the foot should match the widest part of the shoe without compression
- **Cushioning level:** Beginners generally benefit from neutral or moderate-cushion shoes. Maximum cushion ("plush") shoes are not automatically better -- if the foam is too soft, it can cause ankle instability during the walk-to-run transition. A medium-cushion neutral shoe is a safe starting recommendation
- **Drop (heel-to-toe offset):** Beginners who have worn regular athletic shoes should start with 8-10mm drop, not zero-drop or minimalist shoes. Zero-drop shoes require months of Achilles and calf adaptation and are entirely inappropriate for new runners
- **Replacement:** Every 300-500 miles. At a beginner's pace (~12:00/mile), completing this 8-week plan generates roughly 40-50 miles. Shoes purchased for this plan will not wear out during it -- but if the user already has old running shoes, check them first. Press a thumb into the midsole foam: if it compresses and does not spring back, the cushioning is depleted
- **Breaking in:** Wear new running shoes for 3-4 walks of 20-30 minutes before the first run session. This is not negotiable -- new shoes can cause blisters and hotspots that are easily prevented

### Step 7: Set Up Progress Tracking and Decision Rules

Give the user a concrete system for deciding each week whether to advance or repeat.

**Track for each session:**
- Date and day of week
- Intervals completed (e.g., "completed 6/8 run intervals -- stopped 2 early")
- Perceived effort rating using the 1-10 scale: 1-3 is easy, 4-6 is moderate, 7-8 is comfortably hard, 9-10 is maximum effort. Target for most sessions: 4-6
- Body feedback: any soreness, pain, or tightness (location matters -- muscle soreness in calves and thighs is expected and fine; joint pain in knees, ankles, or hips is a flag)

**Weekly advancement decision:**
- **Advance to the next week:** All 3 sessions completed AND the average perceived effort was 6 or below AND no joint pain occurred
- **Repeat the current week:** Missed 1 or more sessions for any reason; OR the average perceived effort was 7 or above across 2+ sessions; OR any joint pain occurred (even mild)
- **Go back one week:** If a session had to be stopped early due to pain or extreme fatigue, not just effort. Drop back one week and progress more slowly from there
- **Critical mindset reframe for the user:** Repeating a week is not a failure -- the plan is designed to be repeated. The original Couch-to-5K research (Constance Cullum, Jeff Galloway's walk-break methodology, and modern adaptations) all explicitly account for repeated weeks as part of successful completion. The average beginner takes 10-12 weeks to complete an 8-week plan. This is normal and healthy.

**After completing Week 8:**
- Do not immediately run a 5K race. Spend 2 more weeks running 30 continuous minutes 3 times per week to consolidate the adaptation
- Register for a local 5K as a motivational milestone -- many beginners find that having a registered race date increases completion rates significantly
- At a 12:00/mile pace, 30 minutes of running covers approximately 2.5 miles. The runner will need to run 37-38 minutes to cover the full 5K. This gap is bridged by the consolidation weeks -- extend one run per week by 2-3 minutes until reaching 38 minutes

---

## Output Format

Present the complete plan using this structure. Fill in all brackets with specific values from the user's assessment -- never leave template placeholders in the output.

```
## Beginner Running Plan: [X]-Week Walk-to-Run Progression

### Your Runner Profile
| Parameter                  | Value                                                    |
|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| Current activity level     | [Sedentary / Occasional walker / Regular walker / Active non-runner] |
| Baseline walking ability   | [Can/Cannot walk 30 min briskly]                         |
| Starting week              | [Pre-Program Week 0 / Week 1 / Week 2 / Week 3 / Week 4] |
| Training days per week     | [3 / 4 -- specify days, e.g., Monday, Wednesday, Saturday] |
| Physical flags              | [None reported / Specify condition and accommodation]     |
| Preferred surface          | [Treadmill / Sidewalk / Track / Park path]               |
| Primary goal               | [Complete 5K race / Build running habit / General fitness]|
| Estimated completion date  | [X weeks from start]                                     |

---

### [INCLUDE ONLY IF NEEDED] Pre-Program: Walking Base (Weeks 0A and 0B)
Skip this section if the user can already walk 30 minutes briskly.

| Week | Mon           | Wed           | Sat           | Goal                              |
|------|---------------|---------------|---------------|-----------------------------------|
| 0A   | Walk 20 min   | Walk 22 min   | Walk 25 min   | Comfortable pace, no stopping     |
| 0B   | Walk 25 min   | Walk 28 min   | Walk 30 min   | Brisk pace, slight breathlessness |

Graduate to Week 1 when: all 3 sessions of Week 0B are completed at a brisk pace without stopping.

---

### Your Weekly Schedule

| Day         | Activity                                                  |
|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| [Day 1]     | Run/walk session (see progression table)                  |
| [Day 2]     | Rest -- optional 20-30 min easy walk or light stretching  |
| [Day 3]     | Run/walk session                                          |
| [Day 4]     | Rest -- optional bodyweight strength (10-15 min)          |
| [Day 5]     | Rest or optional easy walk (20 min max)                   |
| [Day 6]     | Run/walk session                                          |
| [Day 7]     | Full rest                                                 |

---

### 8-Week Run/Walk Progression

Every session includes a 5-minute warm-up walk before and a 5-minute cool-down walk after.
Follow with 3-5 minutes of static stretching (calves, hip flexors, hamstrings).

| Week | Run     | Walk    | Reps | Total Run | Session   | Effort Target         | Key Focus                        |
|------|---------|---------|------|-----------|-----------|-----------------------|----------------------------------|
| 1    | 1 min   | 2 min   | 8    | 8 min     | ~29 min   | 4-5 / 10 (easy chat) | Learn the conversational pace    |
| 2    | 2 min   | 2 min   | 6    | 12 min    | ~29 min   | 4-5 / 10             | Settle into a rhythm             |
| 3    | 3 min   | 1.5 min | 5    | 15 min    | ~27.5 min | 5-6 / 10             | Shorter walks -- trust the legs  |
| 4    | 4 min   | 1 min   | 5    | 20 min    | ~30 min   | 5-6 / 10             | Walk breaks are fuel, not defeat |
| 5    | 5 min   | 1 min   | 4    | 20 min    | ~29 min   | 5-6 / 10             | Maintain consistent pace         |
| 6    | 8 min   | 1 min   | 3    | 24 min    | ~30 min   | 6 / 10               | Longest interval so far -- slow down if needed |
| 7    | 12 min  | 1 min   | 2    | 24 min    | ~28 min   | 6 / 10               | Two long blocks -- stay patient  |
| 8    | 30 min  | --      | 1    | 30 min    | ~35 min   | 6 / 10               | First continuous run -- historic |

**Conversational pace test:** While running, say aloud: "I am running at the right pace." If you can say this clearly without gasping, you are at the correct effort. If you cannot, slow down immediately -- even to a walk.

---

### Rest Day Bodyweight Strength Routine (Weeks 3-8)
Do this twice per week on rest days. Takes 10-12 minutes.

| Exercise                  | Sets | Reps          | Why It Matters                              |
|---------------------------|------|---------------|---------------------------------------------|
| Single-leg glute bridge   | 3    | 10 per side   | Prevents runner's knee (hip stability)      |
| Heel raises (standing)    | 3    | 15            | Strengthens Achilles / prevents shin splints|
| Clamshell with resistance | 3    | 12 per side   | Hip abductor strength / IT band protection  |

---

### Injury Prevention Reference

| Condition                | Warning Sign                                         | Action                                              |
|--------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| Shin splints             | Dull ache on inner lower leg during/after runs       | Rest 5-7 days, add calf raises, repeat prior week   |
| Runner's knee            | Ache under kneecap, worse on stairs                  | Rest 3-5 days, add glute bridges, repeat prior week |
| Plantar fasciitis        | Sharp heel pain -- first steps in morning            | Calf stretches post-run, frozen water bottle roll   |
| IT band syndrome         | Sharp outer knee pain after 15+ min of running       | Rest 5-7 days, foam roll lateral quad, add clamshells |
| STOP running immediately | Sharp joint pain, pain that builds during run, swelling, limping | Rest 5-7 days; see a provider if it persists |

---

### Footwear Checklist
- [ ] Shoes are running-specific (not cross-trainers, casual sneakers, or fashion athletic shoes)
- [ ] 0.5 inch (one thumb's width) of space between longest toe and shoe front
- [ ] Heel is snug with no slipping
- [ ] Shoes have 8-10mm drop (not zero-drop)
- [ ] Shoes have been broken in with 3-4 walks before first run
- [ ] Shoes are under 300-500 miles of prior use

---

### Weekly Check-In Log

After each week, complete this review:

| Question                              | Your Answer                                    |
|---------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|
| Sessions completed this week          | ___ / 3                                        |
| Average perceived effort (1-10 scale) | ___                                            |
| Any joint pain? (location)            | None / ___                                     |
| Any sessions modified or stopped?    | No / Yes -- describe: ___                       |
| Decision                              | Advance to Week ___ / Repeat Week ___          |

**Advance rule:** All 3 sessions done + average effort ≤ 6 + no joint pain
**Repeat rule:** Any missed session, average effort > 6, or any joint pain
**Go back one week:** Any session stopped early due to pain

---

### After Week 8: Your Next Steps

1. Run 30 min continuously 3x/week for 2-3 consolidation weeks
2. Extend one weekly run by 2-3 minutes per week until reaching 37-38 minutes
3. Register for a local 5K race -- check local running club listings or event sites
4. At 12:00/mile pace, 38 minutes covers the full 3.1-mile 5K distance
5. Next skill level: 10K training begins when you can run 30 min continuously 3x/week consistently for 4+ weeks
```

---

## Rules

1. **Never prescribe a pace in minutes-per-mile for any beginner.** Pace varies enormously based on fitness, weight, terrain, and heat. Pace-based targets for beginners create anxiety, encourage running too fast, and cause injury. Use the conversational pace test exclusively -- the physiological mechanism is sound and universally applicable.

2. **The 10% rule governs time, not distance, for beginner plans.** Beginners cannot reliably measure distance without GPS devices they may not own. Time is always measurable. Never frame volume increases in distance terms for a beginner.

3. **Always include at least 1 full rest day between run sessions.** Tendons and ligaments have poor blood supply compared to muscles. They adapt more slowly and require adequate rest to lay down collagen fibers. Back-to-back running days in the first 8 weeks cause the majority of beginner overuse injuries.

4. **Every run session begins with a 5-minute walking warm-up, no exceptions.** Cold connective tissue has reduced elasticity and higher injury risk. The warm-up is not motivational -- it is mechanical. A runner who says "I only have 20 minutes" runs 10 minutes of intervals, not 20.

5. **The conversational pace test must appear in every plan.** It is the most reliable, equipment-free intensity gauge available to a beginner. Never replace it with heart rate zones for beginners -- most do not own monitors and heart rate zones require a resting heart rate measurement and max heart rate estimate that introduces complexity without benefit at this level.

6. **Week 8's 30-minute continuous run does NOT equal a 5K for most beginners.** At a 12:00/mile pace, 30 minutes covers approximately 2.5 miles, not 3.1. Always communicate this gap explicitly and include the 2-3 week consolidation phase and the 37-38 minute extension target. Never tell a beginner they will "run a 5K" at the end of Week 8 without this clarification -- the discrepancy on race day causes significant distress.

7. **Repeating a week is a prescribed feature of the plan, not a failure.** State this at least twice in every plan -- once in the structure and once in the check-in section. The research basis for walk-to-run programs (including the original NHS-backed C25K) explicitly expects that 40-60% of weeks will be repeated by average-fitness beginners.

8. **If a user reports any current joint pain before starting, do not build a plan.** Provide the pre-program walking phase and recommend medical clearance before running. Do not attempt to work around a reported injury. Running through joint pain as a beginner is how 6-week plans turn into 6-month recoveries.

9. **Do not include speed work, fartlek, strides, or tempo efforts in any beginner plan.** These training modalities require a 6-8 week aerobic base at minimum and produce no additional adaptation benefit in beginners -- they only increase injury risk and psychological burnout. A beginner asking about speed should be told: finish the 8-week plan first, then revisit.

10. **If a user can only commit to 2 days per week, extend the progression to 12+ weeks.** Two days per week is below the minimum threshold for aerobic adaptation under normal protocols. The plan is achievable in 12-14 weeks at 2 days per week by spending 2 weeks on each level rather than 1. Communicate the extended timeline honestly so the user's expectations are calibrated.

11. **Footwear guidance must always recommend running-specific shoes with 8-10mm drop.** Zero-drop and minimalist shoes require a separate months-long adaptation protocol. Never recommend them to beginners. Cross-trainers and casual athletic shoes lack the longitudinal rigidity and stack height needed for repetitive impact on hard surfaces.

12. **Always name the specific days in the weekly schedule.** "3 days per week" without naming the days puts the decision back on the user and reduces plan adherence. A plan with Monday/Wednesday/Saturday is a real schedule. "3 days per week" is a suggestion.

---

## Edge Cases

### User Has a BMI Over 35 or Describes Significant Excess Body Weight

Higher body weight multiplies ground reaction force during running -- each footstrike at 200+ lbs generates considerably more impact on joints than at 150 lbs. Adjust the plan as follows:
- Begin with the 2-week walking pre-program regardless of current activity level; the connective tissue loading requirement is the same even for active heavier individuals
- Use the extended 12-week progression: spend 2 weeks on each level (Week 1a and 1b, Week 2a and 2b, etc.) rather than advancing weekly
- Increase run interval increments to 30 seconds rather than 1-minute jumps
- Strongly recommend treadmill, grass, or rubberized track over asphalt or concrete for every session
- Add the single-leg glute bridge and heel raise strength work starting from Week 1, not Week 3
- Frame walking as a complete training outcome, not a compromise -- Jeff Galloway's run-walk-run method has produced thousands of marathon finishers at all body weights; a structured 30/30 run-walk ratio at the finish of 5K is a legitimate strategy even for "trained" runners of any body type

### User Is Over 55 and Has Been Sedentary for 5+ Years

Cardiovascular deconditioning is more pronounced in older adults, but more importantly, bone density, tendon compliance, and proprioception (balance and joint position sense) are all reduced with age and sedentary behavior. Adjust as follows:
- Recommend medical clearance before beginning any running program, and specifically mention this to the user -- not as a liability disclaimer, but because a resting ECG, blood pressure check, and brief musculoskeletal screen are genuinely useful at this stage
- Begin with the 2-week walking pre-program
- Use the 12-week extended progression at 2-3 days per week maximum for the first 6 weeks
- Add specific balance work on rest days: single-leg stance for 30 seconds per side, progressing to eyes-closed single-leg stance at Week 4 -- this reduces ankle sprain risk, which is elevated in this population
- Include static stretching of hip flexors explicitly -- years of sitting create chronically shortened iliopsoas muscles that affect running gait and contribute to lower back and hip pain at first
- The conversational pace test is even more important here: many older beginners underestimate their effort because they have lower maximum heart rates. Err toward slower, not faster

### User Lives in a Climate With Extreme Heat (Regularly Over 85°F / 29°C)

Heat is not a reason to skip runs, but it requires specific modifications:
- Shift all run sessions to early morning (within 1 hour of sunrise) or evening (after 7 PM). Do not run in midday heat as a beginner under any circumstances
- Reduce each run interval by 30 seconds for temperatures between 85-95°F (29-35°C). Above 95°F, skip the run and substitute a treadmill session or reschedule
- Hydration: drink 16 oz of water 30-60 minutes before the run. During runs over 20 minutes in heat, carry 8-12 oz and sip every 10-15 minutes. After the run, drink to thirst over the following 2 hours
- Heat illness warning signs for the beginner -- this must be included: dizziness, confusion, stopping sweating despite feeling hot, nausea, or a throbbing headache during a run. If any of these occur, stop immediately, move to shade, drink water, and call someone. Heat stroke is a medical emergency
- Humidity matters as much as temperature: at 90% humidity and 80°F (27°C), the body's ability to cool through sweat evaporation is significantly impaired. Use a heat index calculator to determine true exertion conditions

### User Has Only Access to a Treadmill

The entire 8-week plan translates directly to treadmill running with these specific adjustments:
- Set the incline to 1.0-1.5% to simulate outdoor air resistance. Running at 0% incline on a treadmill is biomechanically easier than outdoor running and produces less cardiovascular adaptation per minute
- The treadmill belt assists leg turnover slightly, which can make beginners run faster than their true conversational pace. Check the conversational pace test explicitly every interval -- treadmill speed readouts encourage racing the display
- Use the treadmill timer for interval management rather than a separate watch -- this is the primary practical advantage
- Acknowledge the disadvantage: treadmill running does not train proprioception, ankle stability on uneven surfaces, or the slight cardiovascular boost from wind resistance. If the user's goal is an outdoor 5K race, suggest 2-4 outdoor sessions in the final 2 weeks of the plan to transition the neuromuscular patterns
- For users in apartment buildings or gyms with policies: treadmill running can be done at any hour regardless of weather, which dramatically improves adherence for beginners who might otherwise skip sessions due to conditions

### User Wants to Run With Their Dog

This is more common than it appears and creates specific complications:
- Dogs must be at least 12-18 months old before beginning a running program. Puppies under 12 months have growth plates that have not yet closed, and repetitive impact can cause permanent joint damage. Giant breeds (over 50 lbs adult weight) should wait until 18-24 months
- Start the dog at Week 1 regardless of how energetic it seems -- the dog's enthusiasm disguises musculoskeletal fatigue, and dogs will not voluntarily stop even when tired
- Dogs overheat faster than humans and cannot communicate distress clearly. Warning signs in dogs during runs: excessive panting (mouth wide open with rapid shallow breaths), drooling that is unusual for the breed, reluctance to move forward, or seeking shade. Stop immediately if these appear and move to shade with water
- Pavement temperature check for paw safety: press the back of your hand on the surface for 5 seconds. If it is uncomfortable to hold, it is too hot for paw pads. Runs on hot days should be on grass, dirt, or shaded surfaces
- Use a hands-free running leash (attaches around the waist) rather than a hand-held leash. Hand-held leashes cause asymmetric arm swing that disrupts running form and creates shoulder and lower back strain over time -- this is particularly problematic for beginners still establishing their gait

### User Reports Being Discouraged and Wanting to Quit (Weeks 3-5)

Weeks 3-5 represent the highest statistical dropout zone in walk-to-run programs. The novelty has worn off, the effort is increasing, and results are not yet visible. Address this specifically:
- The feeling of "this is getting harder, not easier" at Weeks 3-5 is physiologically accurate: the plan is intentionally increasing stimulus. The body has not yet adapted. Adaptation lags stimulus by 1-2 weeks. They are building capacity they cannot feel yet
- Suggest three specific interventions: (1) change the route -- novel environments measurably reduce perceived effort in studies of exercise psychology; (2) add a podcast, audiobook, or playlist that is only listened to during runs (creates a Pavlovian motivation cue); (3) find a running partner even for one session per week -- social accountability is the strongest predictor of beginner running adherence in behavioral research
- Remind the user explicitly: the hardest week of the plan (by effort) is typically Week 6, and it still has a 1-minute walk break built in. They are not being asked to run continuously for 30 minutes until Week 8
- Offer to simplify the current week: if the current run intervals feel overwhelming, run 30 seconds shorter per interval for the remaining sessions of that week, then re-attempt the full intervals next week. Forward motion at reduced stimulus beats stopping entirely

### User Has Asthma (Exercise-Induced or Persistent)

Running is generally safe and beneficial for people with well-managed asthma, but beginners need specific guidance:
- Always recommend the user consult their physician before starting and confirm their rescue inhaler is current and accessible during every run
- Cold, dry air is a primary trigger for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. If the user runs in cold weather, breathing through a buff, gaiter, or face covering warms and humidifies the air and measurably reduces bronchospasm
- Warm up even more gradually than the standard plan: add an extra 3-5 minutes of walking before the first run interval to allow the airways to pre-warm
- High pollen days (spring and fall) are a consideration -- many runners with allergic asthma find treadmill sessions preferable on high-pollen days
- If exercise-induced symptoms occur (chest tightness, wheeze, prolonged cough during or after a run): stop, use the rescue inhaler if prescribed, and walk until fully resolved. Pre-treatment with a rescue inhaler 15 minutes before runs is standard practice for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and should be discussed with the user's physician

---

## Example

**User input:** "I've basically been sitting at a desk for the last 5 years working from home. I can walk for about 20-25 minutes before I get pretty tired and need a break. I'd love to eventually run a 5K -- not for any race, just to say I did it. No rush at all. I can run on Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday mornings before work. I have a park near my house. No injuries, no health problems that I know of. I've never owned running shoes."

---

## Beginner Running Plan: 10-Week Walk-to-Run Progression

### Your Runner Profile
| Parameter                  | Value                                                         |
|----------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| Current activity level     | Sedentary (desk-bound, last 5 years)                          |
| Baseline walking ability   | Cannot yet walk 30 min briskly -- 20-25 min is current limit |
| Starting week              | Pre-Program (Weeks 0A and 0B) -- then Week 1 of main plan     |
| Training days per week     | 3 -- Monday, Wednesday, Saturday mornings                     |
| Physical flags             | None reported                                                 |
| Preferred surface          | Park near home (path / grass)                                 |
| Primary goal               | Complete a 5K -- personal milestone, no race required         |
| Estimated completion       | 10 weeks from start (2 pre-program weeks + 8 main weeks)      |

---

### Your Weekly Schedule

| Day       | Activity                                                           |
|-----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Monday    | Run/walk session (or walk session during pre-program)              |
| Tuesday   | Rest -- optional 15-20 min easy walk in the park                  |
| Wednesday | Run/walk session (or walk session during pre-program)              |
| Thursday  | Rest -- add bodyweight strength routine (Weeks 3-8, 10-12 min)    |
| Friday    | Rest or optional gentle walk (20 min max)                          |
| Saturday  | Run/walk session (or walk session during pre-program)              |
| Sunday    | Full rest                                                          |

You have a natural 2-rest-day buffer between Wednesday and Saturday sessions. This is ideal for the first 4 weeks when your body is doing the most foundational adaptation work.

---

### Phase 1: Walking Base (Weeks 0A and 0B)
**Purpose:** Build your walking base to 30 continuous minutes before introducing any running. This is not a detour -- this is the foundation that makes every future run session safer and easier. Tendons, ligaments, and bone need 2-4 weeks of walking before they are ready for running impact.

| Week | Monday       | Wednesday    | Saturday     | Goal                                    |
|------|--------------|--------------|--------------|----------------------------------------|
| 0A   | Walk 20 min  | Walk 22 min  | Walk 25 min  | Comfortable pace, no stopping          |
| 0B   | Walk 25 min  | Walk 28 min  | Walk 30 min  | Brisk pace -- you should feel slightly breathless but able to talk |

**Brisk pace definition:** You can hold a conversation but you would prefer not to. This is approximately 3.0-3.5 mph for most people. If the 20-minute Monday session of Week 0A feels easy, walk at a slightly faster pace rather than increasing the time.

**Graduate to Week 1 when:** You complete the Saturday session of Week 0B -- a brisk 30-minute walk -- without stopping and without feeling like you needed to stop.

---

### Phase 2: 8-Week Run/Walk Progression

Every session has the same structure:
1. 5-minute warm-up walk at a comfortable pace (not brisk)
2. Run/walk intervals (see table below)
3. 5-minute cool-down walk at an easy, slowing pace
4. 3-5 minutes of static stretching: calf stretch against a wall (30 sec per leg), standing quad stretch (30 sec per leg), and seated hamstring reach (30 sec per leg)

Total door-to-door time including stretching: approximately 40-45 minutes per session.

| Week | Run     | Walk    | Reps | Total Run | Session   | Effort Target        | Key Focus This Week                               |
|------|---------|---------|------|-----------|-----------|----------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| 1    | 1 min   | 2 min   | 8    | 8 min     | ~29 min   | 4-5 / 10 (easy chat) | Learn what conversational pace feels like         |
| 2    | 2 min   | 2 min   | 6    | 12 min    | ~29 min   | 4-5 / 10             | Settle into a rhythm -- this should feel similar to Week 1 |
| 3    | 3 min   | 1.5 min | 5    | 15 min    | ~27.5 min | 5-6 / 10             | Shorter walk breaks -- trust that you can keep going |
| 4    | 4 min   | 1 min   | 5    | 20 min    | ~30 min   | 5-6 / 10             | Walk breaks are strategy, not weakness           |
| 5    | 5 min   | 1 min   | 4    | 20 min    | ~29 min   | 5-6 / 10             | Hold a consistent pace across all 4 run blocks   |
| 6    | 8 min   | 1 min   | 3    | 24 min    | ~30 min   | 6 / 10               | Longest single run interval so far -- go slower if needed |
| 7    | 12 min  | 1 min   | 2    | 24 min    | ~28 min   | 6 / 10               | Two long blocks -- the home stretch is close     |
| 8    | 30 min  | --      | 1    | 30 min    | ~35 min   | 6 / 10               | Your first continuous run -- a genuine milestone |

**The conversational pace test:** While running, say out loud: "I can say this sentence clearly." If you can say it without gasping, your pace is correct. If you cannot, slow down immediately -- even to a walk, catch your breath, then resume running. Running too fast as a beginner is the single most common mistake. There is no prize for going faster. Slow pace builds the same aerobic base as fast pace, with a fraction of the injury risk.

**If an interval feels impossible mid-session:** Shorten your run intervals by 30 seconds and add 30 seconds to the walk interval for the rest of that session. This is a modification, not a failure. Finishing a modified session beats stopping, every time.

---

### Rest Day Strength Routine (Begin Week 3, do on Thursdays and one other rest day)
Takes 10-12 minutes. No equipment needed for the first two exercises. A light resistance band (looped, available for under $10) helps with clamshells but is not required.

| Exercise                       | Sets | Reps / Duration   | Why It Matters for Runners                                        |
|--------------------------------|------|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Single-leg glute bridge        | 3    | 10 per side       | Prevents runner's knee by keeping the kneecap tracking correctly  |
| Standing heel raises (slow)    | 3    | 15 (2 sec up, 2 sec down) | Builds the calf-Achilles complex -- primary defense against shin splints |
| Clamshell (resistance band)    | 3    | 12 per side       | Strengthens hip abductors -- protects the IT band and outer knee  |

**How to do a single-leg glute bridge:** Lie on your back with knees bent, feet flat on the floor. Extend one leg straight. Press through the heel of the grounded foot and lift your hips until your body forms a straight line from shoulder to knee. Hold 1 second at the top. Lower slowly. This is harder than it looks. If you cannot do 10, do 5 and build up.

---

### Injury Prevention Reference

| Condition            | Warning Sign                                          | Immediate Action                                              |
|----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| Shin splints         | Dull ache along inner lower leg during or after a run | Rest 5-7 days, add heel raises daily, repeat the prior week  |
| Runner's knee        | Dull ache under or around the kneecap; worse on stairs| Rest 3-5 days, add glute bridges, repeat the prior week      |
| Plantar fasciitis    | Sharp or stabbing heel pain on first steps in morning | Calf stretches after every run; roll foot on frozen water bottle 2 min post-run |
| IT band syndrome     | Sharp pain on outer knee after 15+ minutes of running | Rest 5-7 days, foam roll lateral quad (not the IT band), add clamshells |

**Stop and rest immediately -- do not walk it off -- if you experience:**
- Sharp or stabbing pain in any joint (knee, ankle, hip, foot)
- Pain that gets worse as the run continues (not soreness that warms up and fades)
- Swelling or visible puffiness in any joint after a run
- Limping after any run

Rest 5-7 days. If pain persists beyond 7 days of rest, see a healthcare provider before resuming.

**Normal soreness vs. injury soreness:** Muscle soreness in your calves, thighs, and glutes that peaks 24-48 hours after a run is expected, healthy, and a sign of adaptation. This is called DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness) and it reduces over 4-6 weeks as your body adapts. Joint pain (sharp, in a specific joint, present during the run) is different and always warrants attention.

---

### Footwear Checklist and Guidance

Since you have never owned running shoes, here is exactly what to do:

- [ ] Visit a specialty running store (not a general sporting goods chain) -- ask for a gait analysis. This service is free and takes about 10 minutes. Staff watch you walk and jog briefly and recommend appropriate shoe categories
- [ ] If no specialty store is accessible: look for a neutral running shoe with 8-10mm drop and moderate cushioning. Brands commonly found in this category include major athletic brands' "road running" lines -- ask for a dedicated road running shoe, not a training shoe, cross-trainer, or lifestyle sneaker
- [ ] Check fit: 0.5 inch (one thumb's width) of space between your longest toe and the front of the shoe when you are standing upright
- [ ] Check the heel: it should feel snug with no slipping when you walk
- [ ] Break in your shoes with 3-4 walks of 20-25 minutes before your first run session. New shoes can cause blisters -- this step prevents them
- [ ] Do not run in casual sneakers, court shoes, or fashion athletic shoes. They lack the cushioning stack and longitudinal rigidity needed for the repetitive impact of running

**Budget note:** Expect to spend $80-130 for a quality entry-level running shoe. You do not need the most expensive option. Mid-range options from major running brands are well-tested and appropriate for beginners.

---

### Your Weekly Check-In Log

After each week, answer these four questions and record them anywhere -- a notes app, a journal, or a scrap of paper.
