---
name: financial-fraud-protection
description: |
  Comprehensive guide to protecting against financial fraud including identity theft prevention strategies, credit monitoring setup, scam identification (phishing, vishing, romance, investment), fraud reporting procedures, credit freeze and lock mechanisms, recovery steps after fraud occurs, elder fraud awareness, and teaching children about scam recognition.
  Use when the user asks about financial fraud protection, related techniques, best practices, or needs guidance in this domain.
  Do NOT use when the request is outside the scope of financial fraud protection or requires a different specialized skill.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "health-wellness checklist guide cloud safety emergency-preparedness investing tax-planning"
  category: "health-wellness"
  subcategory: "preventive-health"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "not-medical-advice"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Financial Fraud Protection Guide

> **Disclaimer:** This guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal or financial advice. If you are a victim of fraud, contact law enforcement and consult with an attorney. Financial fraud laws and recovery options vary by jurisdiction and fraud type.


## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- User asks about financial fraud protection techniques or best practices
- User needs guidance on financial fraud protection concepts
- User wants to implement or improve their approach to financial fraud protection

**Do NOT use when:**
- The request falls outside the scope of financial fraud protection
- User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
- The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance

## Questions to Ask First

1. Have you or a family member been a victim of fraud or identity theft?
2. Do you monitor your credit reports regularly?
3. Do you have a credit freeze in place?
4. Are there elderly family members who may be targets for scams?
5. Do you receive frequent unsolicited calls, emails, or messages?
6. How do you currently protect sensitive financial information?
7. Do you use online banking and payment apps?
8. Are you concerned about a specific type of fraud?
9. Do you share financial information with family members or caregivers?
10. Have you educated your household members about common scams?

---

## Phase 1: Identity Theft Prevention

### Protecting Your Personal Information

**Physical Security:**
- [ ] Shred documents containing personal information before discarding
- [ ] Lock your mailbox or use a PO Box for sensitive mail
- [ ] Do not carry your Social Security card (memorize the number)
- [ ] Limit what you carry in your wallet (only cards you need today)
- [ ] Store sensitive documents in a locked safe or secure location
- [ ] Opt out of pre-approved credit offers (OptOutPrescreen.com or 1-888-567-8688)

**Digital Security:**
- [ ] Use strong, unique passwords for all financial accounts
- [ ] Enable two-factor authentication on all financial accounts
- [ ] Monitor accounts for unauthorized transactions weekly
- [ ] Use secure connections (HTTPS, VPN on public Wi-Fi)
- [ ] Do not enter financial information on public computers
- [ ] Be cautious about what you share on social media
- [ ] Use a password manager

**Mail and Phone:**
- [ ] Opt out of junk mail (DMAchoice.org)
- [ ] Register with the Do Not Call Registry (donotcall.gov)
- [ ] Do not provide personal information to unsolicited callers
- [ ] Verify caller identity by hanging up and calling the official number
- [ ] Collect mail promptly; hold mail when traveling

### Types of Identity Theft

| Type | What Happens | Warning Signs |
|------|-------------|---------------|
| Financial | Fraudster opens accounts or makes charges in your name | Unknown accounts on credit report, unexpected bills |
| Tax | Someone files a tax return using your SSN | IRS rejection of your filing, unexpected refund |
| Medical | Someone uses your identity for medical services | Unknown medical bills, incorrect medical records |
| Employment | Someone uses your SSN for employment | IRS reports income from unknown employer |
| Child | A child's SSN is used for accounts | Child receives credit offers, cannot open accounts at 18 |
| Criminal | Someone uses your identity during arrest | Arrest warrant for crimes you did not commit |
| Synthetic | Fraudster combines real and fake information | Harder to detect; often found during credit check |

---

## Phase 2: Credit Monitoring

### Three Credit Bureaus

| Bureau | Free Report | Freeze | Fraud Alert | Phone |
|--------|------------|--------|-------------|-------|
| Equifax | AnnualCreditReport.com | equifax.com/freeze | equifax.com | 1-800-349-9960 |
| Experian | AnnualCreditReport.com | experian.com/freeze | experian.com | 1-888-397-3742 |
| TransUnion | AnnualCreditReport.com | transunion.com/freeze | transunion.com | 1-888-909-8872 |

### Monitoring Strategy

**Free monitoring approach:**
- Request one free report from each bureau annually at AnnualCreditReport.com
- Stagger requests (one bureau every 4 months for year-round coverage)
- Set calendar reminders for each check
- Review for unknown accounts, inquiries, and incorrect information

**Enhanced monitoring:**
- Many banks and credit cards offer free credit score monitoring
- Credit Karma (free) monitors TransUnion and Equifax
- Experian offers free monitoring of your Experian report
- Paid services (LifeLock, Identity Guard) offer additional features

### What to Look for on Credit Reports
- [ ] Accounts you did not open
- [ ] Inquiries you did not authorize
- [ ] Incorrect personal information (addresses, employers)
- [ ] Balances you do not recognize
- [ ] Late payments on accounts that are not yours
- [ ] Collection accounts that are not yours
- [ ] Public records (bankruptcies, judgments) that are not yours

---

## Phase 3: Scam Identification

### Phishing Scams (Email)

**Common phishing scenarios:**
- "Your account has been compromised -- click here to verify"
- "You have a package delivery issue -- update your information"
- "Your payment failed -- enter your card information again"
- "You've won a prize -- claim it now"
- "Your boss needs you to buy gift cards urgently" (business email compromise)

**How to identify:**
- Check the actual sender email address (not just the display name)
- Hover over links before clicking (does the URL match the claimed sender?)
- Look for urgency, threats, or pressure
- Check for spelling and grammar errors
- Legitimate organizations never ask for passwords via email
- When in doubt, go directly to the organization's website (do not click the link)

### Vishing Scams (Phone)

**Common phone scam scripts:**
- "This is the IRS. You owe back taxes and a warrant has been issued for your arrest."
- "This is Social Security. Your number has been suspended due to suspicious activity."
- "This is your bank's fraud department. We detected unauthorized charges."
- "This is Microsoft/Apple. Your computer has a virus."
- "You've won a sweepstakes. Pay the tax to claim your prize."
- "Your grandchild is in jail and needs bail money immediately."

**Key rules:**
- The IRS never calls to demand immediate payment or threaten arrest
- Social Security never suspends your number
- Your bank may call about fraud, but will never ask for your full password or PIN
- Legitimate companies never call to demand gift card payment
- If in doubt, hang up and call the organization at their official number

### Romance Scams

**Warning signs:**
- Met online (dating site, social media) but always has excuses not to meet in person
- Professes love very quickly
- Claims to be working abroad (military, oil rig, doctor overseas)
- Starts asking for money (emergency, travel to see you, medical crisis)
- Stories do not add up or change over time
- Wants to move off the dating platform to private messaging quickly
- Photos may be stolen (reverse image search on Google)

**Protection:**
- Never send money to someone you have not met in person
- Reverse image search their photos
- Be skeptical of overly perfect profiles
- Tell friends and family about the relationship (outside perspective matters)
- Never share financial information with an online romantic interest

### Investment Scams

**Red flags:**
- Guaranteed returns with no risk
- Pressure to invest immediately
- Unsolicited investment offers (cold calls, social media messages)
- Unregistered investments or sellers
- Complex strategies you cannot understand
- Returns that are consistently too good to be true
- Difficulty withdrawing your money
- Ponzi structure (returns paid from new investors' money)

**Protection:**
- Verify the investment and the advisor at SEC.gov/EDGAR or FINRA BrokerCheck
- Never invest based on a phone call or social media message
- If it sounds too good to be true, it is
- Consult with a licensed, independent financial advisor before investing
- Be especially cautious of cryptocurrency and forex trading schemes

### Other Common Scams

| Scam Type | How It Works | Protection |
|-----------|-------------|-----------|
| Tech support | Fake pop-up says your computer is infected; call a number | Never call numbers from pop-ups; close the browser |
| Charity scam | Fake charity solicitation after disasters or holidays | Verify at CharityNavigator.org or GuideStar |
| Lottery/sweepstakes | "You've won! Pay processing fee to claim" | You cannot win a contest you did not enter |
| Rental scam | Below-market rent for a property the scammer does not own | Never pay without seeing the property and verifying ownership |
| Job scam | Pay for training, supplies, or background check upfront | Legitimate employers do not charge you to start working |
| Government impersonation | Fake calls from IRS, SSA, FBI demanding payment | Government agencies communicate by mail, not threats |

---

## Phase 4: Credit Freeze and Lock

### Credit Freeze

**What it does:** Prevents anyone (including you) from opening new credit accounts in your name until you lift the freeze.

**How to set it up:**
1. Contact each bureau separately (Equifax, Experian, TransUnion)
2. Provide identification information
3. Each bureau will give you a unique PIN or password
4. Store these PINs securely (you need them to lift the freeze)

**Cost:** Free (federally mandated since 2018)

**To temporarily lift:**
- Contact the bureau where you need the inquiry
- Provide your PIN
- Specify how long to lift the freeze (can be for a specific creditor or time period)
- Lift takes effect within 1 hour (by law for online/phone, 3 business days by mail)

### Credit Lock vs. Credit Freeze

| Feature | Credit Freeze | Credit Lock |
|---------|--------------|-------------|
| Legal protection | Federal law (guaranteed) | Contractual (company policy) |
| Cost | Free | Free or paid (depending on bureau) |
| Speed to lift | Within 1 hour (online/phone) | Often instant (via app) |
| Offered by | All three bureaus (required by law) | Individual bureau products |

**Recommendation:** A credit freeze is sufficient for most people and has legal protections that locks do not.

---

## Phase 5: Fraud Reporting and Recovery

### If You Are a Victim of Fraud

**Immediate steps (first 24 hours):**
1. Contact your bank and credit card companies to freeze affected accounts
2. Change passwords on compromised accounts
3. File a report at IdentityTheft.gov (FTC) -- this creates your official recovery plan
4. File a police report (you will need this for disputes and creditors)
5. Place a fraud alert with one credit bureau (they notify the other two)

**Within the first week:**
- [ ] Freeze your credit at all three bureaus
- [ ] Review all three credit reports for unauthorized accounts
- [ ] Dispute unauthorized accounts with each creditor in writing
- [ ] Notify the Social Security Administration if your SSN was compromised
- [ ] Contact the IRS if tax fraud is suspected (IRS Identity Protection PIN)
- [ ] File with the FTC at IdentityTheft.gov for your personalized recovery plan
- [ ] Contact your state attorney general's office

**Ongoing recovery:**
- Monitor credit reports monthly for at least 12 months
- Keep detailed records of all communications and actions
- Follow up on disputes (creditors have 30 days to investigate)
- Consider an identity theft protection service during recovery
- Review and update your fraud alert or credit freeze as needed

### Key Contact Numbers

```
FRAUD REPORTING CONTACTS
=========================
FTC Identity Theft: IdentityTheft.gov or 1-877-438-4338
FBI Internet Crime (IC3): ic3.gov
Social Security Fraud: 1-800-269-0271
IRS Identity Theft: 1-800-908-4490
USPS Mail Fraud: 1-877-876-2455
FCC (phone scams): fcc.gov/consumers/guides/stop-unwanted-calls

Credit Bureau Fraud Lines:
  Equifax: 1-800-349-9960
  Experian: 1-888-397-3742
  TransUnion: 1-888-909-8872
```

---

## Phase 6: Elder Fraud Awareness

### Why Seniors Are Targeted
- Often have significant savings and good credit
- May be more trusting or polite to callers
- May be less familiar with technology and digital scams
- May be isolated (fewer people to consult about suspicious contacts)
- May be experiencing cognitive decline affecting judgment
- Often reluctant to report fraud due to embarrassment

### Most Common Scams Targeting Seniors

| Scam | Tactic | Prevention |
|------|--------|-----------|
| Grandparent scam | "Your grandchild is in trouble and needs money now" | Verify by calling the grandchild directly at their known number |
| Medicare/insurance scam | Request Medicare number for "new card" or "free benefit" | Medicare will never call to ask for your number |
| Tech support | Fake virus warning, remote access to computer | Never give remote access; hang up and call a trusted person |
| Romance scam | Online relationship leading to money requests | Never send money to someone you have not met |
| Sweepstakes/lottery | "You've won! Pay the fee to claim" | You cannot win a contest you did not enter |
| Home repair | Unsolicited door-to-door contractors | Get multiple quotes, never pay full amount upfront |
| Power of attorney abuse | Trusted person misuses financial authority | Use an attorney to set up POA, consider co-agents |

### Protecting Elderly Family Members
- Have regular conversations about common scams (non-judgmental, informative)
- Set up caller ID and call blocking
- Help them register on the Do Not Call Registry
- Review financial statements together regularly
- Establish a trusted contact person at their financial institution
- Consider a credit freeze if they are not actively seeking new credit
- Know the signs of financial exploitation (sudden changes in spending, new "friends" with financial interest, confusion about finances)
- Report suspected elder fraud to Adult Protective Services

---

## Phase 7: Teaching Kids About Scams

### Age-Appropriate Scam Education

**Ages 6-10:**
- Not everyone online is who they say they are
- Never share personal information (name, address, school, phone number) with strangers online
- Tell a parent or trusted adult if something online makes them uncomfortable
- Not everything on the internet is true

**Ages 10-14:**
- Recognize phishing emails and fake websites
- Understand that "free" offers online usually have a catch
- Never click links from unknown senders
- Protect passwords and do not share them with friends
- Understand in-app purchases and gaming scams
- Recognize social media manipulation

**Ages 14-18:**
- Understand identity theft and its consequences
- Recognize job scams and employment fraud
- Be cautious with online shopping (verify sellers)
- Understand financial basics (how credit works, why SSN matters)
- Recognize romance scams on social media
- Understand digital footprint and privacy
- Learn about cryptocurrency and investment scams targeting young people

### Conversation Starters
- "Have you ever seen something online that seemed too good to be true?"
- "What would you do if someone online asked for your personal information?"
- "Let me show you how to tell if an email is real or fake"
- "Here's how to check if a website is legitimate before buying anything"

---

## Financial Security Checklist

### Essential Protections
- [ ] Credit frozen at all three bureaus
- [ ] Two-factor authentication on all financial accounts
- [ ] Unique passwords for every financial account
- [ ] Credit monitoring active (free or paid)
- [ ] Annual credit report review scheduled
- [ ] Important documents secured (safe, cloud backup)
- [ ] Pre-approved credit offers opted out
- [ ] Do Not Call Registry enrollment

### Ongoing Monitoring
- [ ] Review bank and credit card statements weekly
- [ ] Check credit reports at least quarterly
- [ ] Verify tax return filed (or file early to prevent tax fraud)
- [ ] Review Social Security statement annually (ssa.gov)
- [ ] Update passwords annually for financial accounts
- [ ] Discuss new scam types with family regularly

Financial fraud prevention is an ongoing practice, not a one-time setup. Stay informed about new scam tactics, maintain your protective measures, and communicate openly with family members about threats. The best defense combines technology (freezes, 2FA, monitoring) with awareness (recognizing scams before they succeed).


## Process

1. **Gather information.** Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
2. **Analyze context.** Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to financial fraud protection
3. **Develop recommendations.** Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
4. **Present structured output.** Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
5. **Address follow-ups.** Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback


## Output Format

```template
## Financial Fraud Protection Analysis

### Assessment
[Key findings and observations]

### Recommendations
1. [Primary recommendation]
2. [Secondary recommendation]
3. [Additional suggestions]

### Action Items
- [ ] [First action step]
- [ ] [Second action step]
- [ ] [Follow-up task]
```


## Edge Cases

- **Incomplete information:** Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
- **Conflicting requirements:** Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
- **Out of scope requests:** Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
- **Beginner vs advanced:** Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level


## Example

**Input:** "Help me with financial fraud protection for my current situation"

**Output:**

Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to financial fraud protection:

1. **Assessment:** Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
2. **Strategy:** Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
3. **Implementation:** Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
4. **Review:** Monitor progress and adjust as needed
