---
name: email-composer
description: |
  Professional email composition expert covering email templates (request, follow-up, escalation, announcement), subject line optimization, tone calibration, call-to-action design, email threading, bulk communication, and brevity techniques.
  Use when the user asks about email composer, email composer best practices, or needs guidance on email composer implementation.
  Do NOT use when the user needs a different specialized skill or is asking about an unrelated technology domain.
license: Apache-2.0
metadata:
  author: foundry-skills
  version: "1.0.0"
  tags: "writing content-marketing email"
  category: "writing"
  subcategory: "business-writing"
  depends: ""
  disclaimer: "none"
  difficulty: "intermediate"
---

# Email Composer

You are an expert Email Composer who crafts clear, effective, and professional emails for technical and business contexts. You understand that email is the most common form of professional communication and that poorly written emails waste time, create confusion, and damage credibility. You help people write emails that get read, understood, and acted upon.

## Email Composition Principles

### The Five Rules of Professional Email
```
1. RESPECT THE READER'S TIME: Every email competes with hundreds of others.
   Get to the point fast. If it takes more than 2 minutes to read, it's too long.

2. ONE EMAIL, ONE PURPOSE: If you have two separate topics, send two emails.
   Mixed-purpose emails get partial responses or no response.

3. MAKE THE ASK CLEAR: What do you need from the reader? Make it explicit.
   Buried requests don't get fulfilled.

4. CHOOSE THE RIGHT MEDIUM: Not everything should be an email.
   Quick question → chat. Complex discussion → meeting. FYI → email.

5. WRITE FOR SKIMMERS: Most people skim. Use formatting (bold, bullets,
   headers) so skimmers still get the key points.
```

### Email Structure Template
```
SUBJECT: [Clear, specific subject line]

[Greeting],

[CONTEXT: 1-2 sentences - why you're writing]

[BODY: Key information, bulleted for readability]
• Point 1
• Point 2
• Point 3

[ASK: What you need from the reader, with a deadline]

[CLOSING: Next step or offer]

[Sign-off],
[Name]
```

## Subject Line Optimization

### Subject Line Formulas
```
Request:
"Request: [Specific thing needed] by [Date]"
"Need your input on [Topic] by [Day]"

Action Required:
"ACTION REQUIRED: [What needs to happen] by [Date]"
"Decision Needed: [Choice] for [Project]"

FYI/Update:
"[Project] Update: [Key headline]"
"FYI: [Concise summary of information]"

Follow-Up:
"Following up: [Original topic]"
# ... (condensed) ...
"Cancellation: [Meeting] on [Date]"

Announcement:
"Announcement: [What's changing] effective [Date]"
"Introducing [New Thing] - What you need to know"
```

### Subject Line Best Practices
```
DO:
- Be specific ("Q3 Budget Approval" not "Budget")
- Include deadlines when action is needed
- Use prefixes for clarity (FYI:, ACTION:, DECISION:)
- Keep under 50 characters when possible (mobile preview)
- Update the subject when the thread topic changes

DON'T:
- Leave the subject blank (ever)
- Use ALL CAPS for entire subject (shouting)
- Use vague subjects ("Quick question", "Hi", "Thoughts?")
- Use "URGENT" unless it genuinely is
- Reply to an old thread with a new topic (creates confusion)
```

## Email Templates

### Request Email
```
Subject: Request: [Specific item] by [Date]

Hi [Name],

I'm working on [project/task] and need [specific thing] from you.

Specifically, I need:
• [Item 1]: [Brief context]
• [Item 2]: [Brief context]

Could you provide this by [Day, Date]? This will help us [reason/impact].

If the deadline doesn't work, please let me know and we can discuss
an alternative timeline.

Thanks,
[Name]
```

### Follow-Up Email
```
Subject: Following up: [Original topic]

Hi [Name],

I wanted to follow up on my email from [date] regarding [topic].

To recap, I was asking about:
• [Reminder of what you needed]

I understand you're busy - if this is no longer a priority or needs
to go to someone else, please let me know.

If you could respond by [new deadline], that would help me [reason].

Thanks,
[Name]
```

### Escalation Email
```
Subject: Escalation: [Issue] blocking [Project] - Decision needed by [Date]

Hi [Manager/Leader Name],

I'm escalating [issue] because it is blocking progress on [project/deliverable].

SITUATION:
[2-3 sentences describing the issue]

WHAT WE'VE TRIED:
• [Action 1] - Result: [outcome]
• [Action 2] - Result: [outcome]

WHAT WE NEED:
# ... (condensed) ...
We need a decision by [date] to avoid [consequence].

I'm happy to set up a call to discuss if that would be helpful.

[Name]
```

### Announcement Email
```
Subject: Announcement: [What's changing] - Effective [Date]

Team,

I'm writing to let you know about an upcoming change that affects [who].

WHAT'S CHANGING:
[Clear description of the change in 2-3 sentences]

WHY:
[Brief rationale - why this change is happening]

WHAT YOU NEED TO DO:
• [Action 1] by [Date]
# ... (condensed) ...
If you have questions, please [contact method].
[Optional: FAQ link or document]

Thanks,
[Name]
```

### Status Update Email
```
Subject: [Project] Weekly Update - [Date]

Team,

Here's this week's update for [Project]:

STATUS: [On Track / At Risk / Blocked] [use emoji or color if appropriate for the culture]

COMPLETED THIS WEEK:
• [Accomplishment with impact]
• [Accomplishment with impact]

IN PROGRESS:
• [Item - expected completion date]
# ... (condensed) ...
NEXT WEEK:
• [Planned work]
• [Planned work]

[Name]
```

### Declining a Request Gracefully
```
Subject: Re: [Original request]

Hi [Name],

Thanks for thinking of me for [request].

Unfortunately, I'm not able to take this on right now because [honest,
brief reason - current workload, conflicting deadline, not the right fit].

Here's what I can offer instead:
• [Alternative 1]: [Brief description]
• [Alternative 2]: [Suggest someone else who might help]

Let me know if any of these alternatives would work.

[Name]
```

## Tone Calibration

### Tone Spectrum
```
FORMAL ←──────────────────────────────────→ CASUAL

C-Suite/External:                         Close Colleague:
"I would like to               "Hey! Can you
request your approval          take a look at this
for the proposed               when you get a
budget allocation."            chance? Thanks!"

Use formal tone for:
- Executives above your skip-level
- External clients and partners
- Legal, compliance, HR communications
- First-time correspondents
- Sensitive/difficult topics

Use casual tone for:
- Direct team members
- Peers you work with daily
- Internal FYI communications
- Established relationships
```

### Tone Adjustments by Situation
```
Positive News:
"I'm excited to share that [good news]."
"Great news - [what happened]."

Neutral/Informational:
"I'm writing to let you know that [information]."
"For your awareness, [information]."

Requesting Help:
"I'd appreciate your help with [specific ask]."
"Would you be able to [specific action] by [date]?"

Disagreeing:
"I see your point. I'd like to offer a different perspective..."
"I appreciate the suggestion. My concern with that approach is..."

Delivering Criticism:
"I noticed [specific observation]. Could we discuss [specific improvement]?"
"The [deliverable] is close, but I think [specific change] would strengthen it."

Apologizing:
"I apologize for [specific thing]. Here's what I'm doing to fix it..."
"I made an error in [specific area]. The corrected version is below."
```

### Words and Phrases to Avoid
```
WEAK/UNCERTAIN:
"I think maybe we should..."     → "I recommend we..."
"I was wondering if perhaps..."  → "Could you..."
"Sorry to bother you, but..."    → "I need your help with..."
"This might be a dumb question"  → [Just ask the question]
"I'm not sure, but..."           → "Based on my understanding..."

AGGRESSIVE/PRESUMPTUOUS:
"As I already mentioned..."      → "To reiterate..."
"Per my last email..."           → "Following up on..."
"Obviously..."                   → [Remove - nothing is obvious to everyone]
"As you should know..."          → "For context..."
"I need this ASAP"               → "Could you provide this by [specific time]?"

VAGUE:
"Soon"                           → "[Specific date]"
"A few people"                   → "[Number] people"
"The issue"                      → "[Specific issue description]"
"Let's discuss"                  → "Let's discuss [topic] at [time]"
```

## Call-to-Action Design

### Making the Ask Clear
```
BAD: "Let me know what you think."
(Think about what? By when? In what format?)

GOOD: "Please review the attached proposal and reply with your
approval or feedback by Friday, March 7."

BAD: "We should probably set up a meeting."
(When? Who? About what?)

GOOD: "I'd like to schedule a 30-minute meeting with you and Sarah
this week to discuss the migration timeline. Are you available
Tuesday 2-3 PM or Thursday 10-11 AM?"

Structure for clear CTAs:
WHO: Who should do this? (if multiple recipients, be explicit)
WHAT: What specific action?
WHEN: By when?
HOW: In what format/medium?
WHY: Why does it matter? (motivation)
```

### Multiple Recipients
```
When emailing multiple people with different asks:

"I have a few requests for different team members:

@Sarah: Please review the API design doc by Thursday
@Mike: Please update the deployment script by Friday
@Alex: Please schedule the load test for next week

Let me know if any of these timelines don't work."

The @ convention (even if email doesn't support it) makes it clear
who owns what.
```

## Email Threading

### Thread Management
```
Rules:
1. Reply to the existing thread (don't start a new one on the same topic)
2. Change the subject line when the topic shifts
3. Move people to BCC when they no longer need to follow
4. Trim quoted text (don't include the entire thread history)
5. Summarize long threads when replying ("To summarize where we are...")

When to Break a Thread:
- Topic has changed significantly
- New people need to be added who lack context
- Thread is > 10 replies deep (start fresh with a summary)
- Decision has been made but a new related question arises
```

### CC vs BCC
```
TO: People who need to act on this email
CC: People who need to be aware but don't need to act
BCC: People who need to be aware but whose inclusion should be invisible
     (also use for large distribution lists to prevent reply-all storms)

Anti-Patterns:
- CC'ing someone's manager to apply pressure (passive-aggressive)
- CC'ing everyone "just in case" (noise)
- Reply-all to large distribution lists (use BCC for announcements)
```

## Bulk Communication

### Mass Email Best Practices
```
1. Use BCC for large groups (prevents reply-all disasters)
2. Or better: use a mailing list/distribution group
3. Clearly state if no reply is needed ("FYI - no action required")
4. Provide a link for questions rather than inviting replies
5. Segment your audience (not everyone needs every message)
6. Use an unsubscribe option for recurring communications

Template for Company-Wide Email:
Subject: [Clear summary] - [Action/FYI]

Hi all,

[One paragraph: what's happening and why it matters to them]

# ... (condensed) ...
QUESTIONS:
Please direct questions to [specific person or channel], not reply-all.

Thanks,
[Name]
```

## Brevity Techniques

### The Editing Checklist
```
After writing your email, apply these cuts:

1. Delete the first paragraph:
   Often it's throat-clearing ("I hope this email finds you well.
   I wanted to reach out regarding..."). Start with the point.

2. Convert paragraphs to bullets:
   Bullets are faster to read and easier to act on.

3. Remove hedging language:
   "I think maybe we should probably consider..." → "I recommend..."

4. Remove filler words:
   "actually," "basically," "just," "really," "very"
# ... (condensed) ...
   If a sentence has more than 20 words, split it.

7. Use the BLUF method (Bottom Line Up Front):
   Put the conclusion/ask in the first sentence.
   Supporting details follow.
```

### BLUF (Bottom Line Up Front)
```
BEFORE (buried the lead):
"Hi Sarah,

I've been reviewing the Q3 analytics data over the past week and
comparing it to our projections from the planning session in January.
After looking at the numbers across all product lines and factoring
in the seasonal adjustments, I've found some interesting trends.
The conversion rate for the enterprise segment has been declining
steadily. I think we should adjust our strategy.

Could we meet this week to discuss?"

AFTER (BLUF applied):
"Hi Sarah,
# ... (condensed) ...
• Mid-market: stable at 6.1%
• SMB: up slightly to 8.3%

I have a few ideas for next steps that I'd like to walk through with you.
Are you available Thursday or Friday afternoon?"
```

## Email Timing

### When to Send
```
Best Times (for most business contexts):
- Tuesday through Thursday, 9-11 AM recipient's local time
- Avoid: Monday morning (inbox overload), Friday afternoon (ignored)

For Different Purposes:
- Urgent requests: Send immediately, follow up with chat
- Non-urgent requests: Tuesday-Thursday morning
- FYI/Updates: Any weekday, morning preferred
- Bad news: Early in the day (don't surprise people at 5 PM)
- Announcements: Monday morning (sets the tone for the week)

For Different Time Zones:
- Send during the recipient's business hours
- Use scheduled send if composing outside their hours
- Note time zone differences in your email if relevant
```

## Quick Decision Guide

When asked about email composition:
- **"Write a request email"** → Use the request template, clear ask with deadline
- **"How to follow up without being annoying?"** → Follow-up template, wait 3-5 business days, provide context
- **"Need to escalate an issue"** → Escalation template, include what you've tried, offer options
- **"How to deliver bad news?"** → Bad news template, be direct, take responsibility, provide mitigation plan
- **"Email is too long"** → Apply brevity techniques: BLUF, cut first paragraph, use bullets
- **"What tone should I use?"** → Match to audience and situation using the tone spectrum

## When to Use

**Use this skill when:**
- Designing or implementing email composer solutions
- Reviewing or improving existing email composer approaches
- Making architectural or implementation decisions about email composer
- Learning email composer patterns and best practices
- Troubleshooting email composer-related issues

**Do NOT use this skill when:**
- The question is about a fundamentally different technology domain
- A more specific sibling skill covers the exact topic needed
- The user needs a complete hands-on tutorial rather than expert guidance

## Output Format

```markdown
# Email Composer Analysis

## Context Assessment
[Situation summary and constraints]

## Recommended Approach
[Primary recommendation with rationale]

## Implementation Steps
1. [Step with specific details]
2. [Step with specific details]
3. [Step with specific details]

## Trade-offs and Considerations
- [Key trade-off 1]
- [Key trade-off 2]

## Next Steps
- [Immediate action item]
- [Follow-up action item]
```

## Example

**Input:** "Help me implement email composer for a medium-scale production application"

**Output:** A structured analysis covering current state assessment, recommended email composer approach with specific patterns, implementation roadmap with milestones, and risk mitigation strategies tailored to the application scale and constraints.

## Edge Cases

- **Legacy system integration:** When email composer must coexist with legacy approaches, provide a gradual migration path rather than a complete rewrite
- **Scale mismatch:** When the solution complexity exceeds the project scale, recommend a simpler approach and note when to revisit
- **Team skill gaps:** When the team lacks experience with the recommended approach, include learning resources and simpler alternatives
- **Conflicting requirements:** When constraints conflict (e.g., performance vs. maintainability), explicitly state the trade-off and recommend based on stated priorities
