{"type":"system","subtype":"init","cwd":"/Users/kunchen/github/kunchenguid/axi/bench-browser/results/chrome-devtools-mcp-code/tabular_data_analysis/run3/workspace","session_id":"30af749e-4b43-46ab-86ed-b572ee6e94dd","tools":["Task","TaskOutput","Bash","Glob","Grep","ExitPlanMode","Read","Edit","Write","NotebookEdit","TodoWrite","TaskStop","AskUserQuestion","Skill","EnterPlanMode","EnterWorktree","ExitWorktree","CronCreate","CronDelete","CronList","RemoteTrigger","ToolSearch"],"mcp_servers":[],"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","permissionMode":"bypassPermissions","slash_commands":[],"apiKeySource":"none","claude_code_version":"2.1.81","output_style":"default","agents":["general-purpose","statusline-setup","Explore","Plan"],"skills":["update-config","debug","simplify","batch","loop","schedule","claude-api"],"plugins":[],"uuid":"654cdbf6-1f00-466f-8f5b-87557ef7c3c9","fast_mode_state":"off"}
{"type":"assistant","message":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","id":"msg_01DjWQpHXn6SUXkKxgMeYtcV","type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"thinking","thinking":"Let me navigate to the Wikipedia article and find the table with population milestones.","signature":"EpQCClsIDBgCKkCvtVgj54RXOvzv8pW8JHPhfsGrOSt4SwDBt6JWY6iAd5vy3s0EGHTNVGelN6uDUUnLuwL+sQmLjPZr+tRO1+W6MhFjbGF1ZGUtc29ubmV0LTQtNjgAEgw9XE7mfrbiMmDx3NoaDFxPCFhXXwHZef09VyIwaHwZ423kk6y0UMuAQoGm6tNIbaMWeMjgRbmgZjohV8lA+UcLHe8F8YJxW0caVrarKmfou0kkyMLgVd6/tYUOrZ1ge7rFxCx9WcPjNtEYar/OmwCyCcH0CM5JjrAd1DoyFLqQpVMDVlu2Cf09+CYFVEL38rgDpVTfjbxBNUIeg3aE7HzYY00yd03fpYFmAe3kfNLsbs2llvJRGAE="}],"stop_reason":null,"stop_sequence":null,"stop_details":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":2,"cache_creation_input_tokens":7491,"cache_read_input_tokens":8445,"cache_creation":{"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":0,"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":7491},"output_tokens":6,"service_tier":"standard","inference_geo":"not_available"},"context_management":null},"parent_tool_use_id":null,"session_id":"30af749e-4b43-46ab-86ed-b572ee6e94dd","uuid":"df3def50-9a9e-4895-b628-5690df3d3aa6"}
{"type":"assistant","message":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","id":"msg_01DjWQpHXn6SUXkKxgMeYtcV","type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"tool_use","id":"toolu_01R7Dgd3Tw9tWVQM7AHUjqAN","name":"Bash","input":{"command":"cat << 'EOF' > fetch_wiki.ts\nimport { navigatePage, takeSnapshot } from \"./servers/chrome-devtools/index.js\";\n\nawait navigatePage({ url: \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population\" });\nconst snap = await takeSnapshot({});\nconsole.log(snap);\nEOF\nnpx tsx fetch_wiki.ts 2>/dev/null | head -300","description":"Navigate to Wikipedia World population article and take snapshot"},"caller":{"type":"direct"}}],"stop_reason":null,"stop_sequence":null,"stop_details":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":2,"cache_creation_input_tokens":7491,"cache_read_input_tokens":8445,"cache_creation":{"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":0,"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":7491},"output_tokens":6,"service_tier":"standard","inference_geo":"not_available"},"context_management":null},"parent_tool_use_id":null,"session_id":"30af749e-4b43-46ab-86ed-b572ee6e94dd","uuid":"a570026c-b4c5-40bd-8f33-2d117591630b"}
{"type":"rate_limit_event","rate_limit_info":{"status":"allowed","resetsAt":1775595600,"rateLimitType":"five_hour","overageStatus":"allowed","overageResetsAt":1777593600,"isUsingOverage":false},"uuid":"bacdf151-c51d-4d5d-92af-017a49dca01c","session_id":"30af749e-4b43-46ab-86ed-b572ee6e94dd"}
{"type":"user","message":{"role":"user","content":[{"tool_use_id":"toolu_01R7Dgd3Tw9tWVQM7AHUjqAN","type":"tool_result","content":"## Latest page snapshot\nuid=113_0 RootWebArea \"World population - Wikipedia\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population\"\n  uid=113_1 generic live=\"polite\" relevant=\"additions text\"\n  uid=113_2 link \"Jump to content\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#bodyContent\"\n    uid=113_3 StaticText \"Jump to content\"\n  uid=113_4 banner\n    uid=113_5 navigation \"Site\"\n      uid=113_6 button \"Main menu\" haspopup=\"menu\"\n    uid=113_7 link \"Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page\"\n      uid=113_8 image \"Wikipedia\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg\"\n      uid=113_9 image \"The Free Encyclopedia\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg\"\n    uid=113_10 search\n      uid=113_11 searchbox \"Search Wikipedia\" description=\"Search Wikipedia [ctrl-option-f]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+f\"\n      uid=113_12 button \"Search\"\n    uid=113_13 navigation \"Personal tools\"\n      uid=113_14 link \"Donate\" url=\"https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\"\n        uid=113_15 StaticText \"Donate\"\n      uid=113_16 link \"Create account\" description=\"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=World+population\"\n        uid=113_17 StaticText \"Create account\"\n      uid=113_18 link \"Log in\" description=\"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-option-o]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+o\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=World+population\"\n        uid=113_19 StaticText \"Log in\"\n  uid=113_20 navigation \"Contents\"\n    uid=113_21 heading \"Contents\" level=\"2\"\n    uid=113_22 button \"hide\"\n    uid=113_23 link \"(Top)\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#\"\n      uid=113_24 StaticText \"(Top)\"\n    uid=113_25 link \"History\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#History\"\n      uid=113_26 StaticText \"History\"\n    uid=113_27 button \"Toggle History subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_28 link \"Global demographics\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Global_demographics\"\n      uid=113_29 StaticText \"Global demographics\"\n    uid=113_30 link \"Population by region\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Population_by_region\"\n      uid=113_31 StaticText \"Population by region\"\n    uid=113_32 link \"Largest populations by country\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Largest_populations_by_country\"\n      uid=113_33 StaticText \"Largest populations by country\"\n    uid=113_34 button \"Toggle Largest populations by country subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_35 link \"Fluctuation\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Fluctuation\"\n      uid=113_36 StaticText \"Fluctuation\"\n    uid=113_37 button \"Toggle Fluctuation subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_38 link \"Mathematical approximations\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Mathematical_approximations\"\n      uid=113_39 StaticText \"Mathematical approximations\"\n    uid=113_40 button \"Toggle Mathematical approximations subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_41 link \"Number of humans who have ever lived\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Number_of_humans_who_have_ever_lived\"\n      uid=113_42 StaticText \"Number of humans who have ever lived\"\n    uid=113_43 link \"Human population as a function of food availability\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Human_population_as_a_function_of_food_availability\"\n      uid=113_44 StaticText \"Human population as a function of food availability\"\n    uid=113_45 link \"See also\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#See_also\"\n      uid=113_46 StaticText \"See also\"\n    uid=113_47 link \"Explanatory notes\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Explanatory_notes\"\n      uid=113_48 StaticText \"Explanatory notes\"\n    uid=113_49 link \"Sources\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Sources\"\n      uid=113_50 StaticText \"Sources\"\n    uid=113_51 link \"References\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#References\"\n      uid=113_52 StaticText \"References\"\n    uid=113_53 button \"Toggle References subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_54 link \"Further reading\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Further_reading\"\n      uid=113_55 StaticText \"Further reading\"\n    uid=113_56 link \"External links\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#External_links\"\n      uid=113_57 StaticText \"External links\"\n  uid=113_58 main\n    uid=113_59 heading \"World population\" level=\"1\"\n    uid=113_60 button \"Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages\" haspopup=\"menu\"\n    uid=113_61 navigation \"Namespaces\"\n      uid=113_62 link \"Article\" description=\"View the content page [ctrl-option-c]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+c\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population\"\n        uid=113_63 StaticText \"Article\"\n      uid=113_64 link \"Talk\" description=\"Discuss improvements to the content page [ctrl-option-t]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+t\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_population\"\n        uid=113_65 StaticText \"Talk\"\n    uid=113_66 navigation \"Views\"\n      uid=113_67 link \"Read\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population\"\n        uid=113_68 StaticText \"Read\"\n      uid=113_69 link \"View source\" description=\"This page is protected. You can view its source [ctrl-option-e]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+e\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit\"\n        uid=113_70 StaticText \"View source\"\n      uid=113_71 link \"View history\" description=\"Past revisions of this page [ctrl-option-h]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+h\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=history\"\n        uid=113_72 StaticText \"View history\"\n    uid=113_73 navigation \"Page tools\"\n      uid=113_74 button \"Tools\" haspopup=\"menu\"\n    uid=113_75 navigation \"Appearance\"\n      uid=113_76 StaticText \"Appearance\"\n      uid=113_77 button \"hide\"\n      uid=113_78 StaticText \"Birthday mode (Baby Globe)\"\n      uid=113_79 radio \"Disabled\"\n      uid=113_80 StaticText \"Disabled\"\n      uid=113_81 radio \"Enabled\" checked\n      uid=113_82 StaticText \"Enabled\"\n      uid=113_83 link \"Learn more about Birthday mode\" url=\"https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/?utm_campaign=wpam&utm_source=wpam&utm_medium=wpamen\"\n        uid=113_84 StaticText \"Learn more about Birthday mode\"\n      uid=113_85 StaticText \"Text\"\n      uid=113_86 radio \"Small\"\n      uid=113_87 StaticText \"Small\"\n      uid=113_88 radio \"Standard\" checked\n      uid=113_89 StaticText \"Standard\"\n      uid=113_90 radio \"Large\"\n      uid=113_91 StaticText \"Large\"\n      uid=113_92 StaticText \"Width\"\n      uid=113_93 radio \"Standard\" checked\n      uid=113_94 StaticText \"Standard\"\n      uid=113_95 radio \"Wide\"\n      uid=113_96 StaticText \"Wide\"\n      uid=113_97 StaticText \"Color \"\n      uid=113_98 StaticText \"(beta)\"\n      uid=113_99 radio \"Automatic\"\n      uid=113_100 StaticText \"Automatic\"\n      uid=113_101 radio \"Light\" checked\n      uid=113_102 StaticText \"Light\"\n      uid=113_103 radio \"Dark\"\n      uid=113_104 StaticText \"Dark\"\n    uid=113_105 link \"Page semi-protected\" description=\"This article is semi-protected due to vandalism\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi\"\n      uid=113_106 image \"Page semi-protected\" url=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png\"\n    uid=113_107 StaticText \"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\"\n    uid=113_108 link url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_Population_Prospects.svg\"\n    uid=113_109 StaticText \"High, medium, and low projections of the future human world population\"\n    uid=113_110 link \"[1]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:4-1\"\n      uid=113_111 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_112 StaticText \"1\"\n      uid=113_113 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_114 StaticText \"In \"\n    uid=113_115 link \"world demographics\" description=\"Demographics of the world\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_world\"\n      uid=113_116 StaticText \"world demographics\"\n    uid=113_117 StaticText \", the \"\n    uid=113_118 StaticText \"world population\"\n    uid=113_119 StaticText \" is the total number of humans currently alive. It was estimated by the \"\n    uid=113_120 link \"United Nations\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations\"\n      uid=113_121 StaticText \"United Nations\"\n    uid=113_122 StaticText \" to have \"\n    uid=113_123 link \"exceeded 8 billion\" description=\"Day of Eight Billion\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_Eight_Billion\"\n      uid=113_124 StaticText \"exceeded 8 billion\"\n    uid=113_125 StaticText \" (8,000,000,000) on November 15, 2022. It took around 300,000 years of human \"\n    uid=113_126 link \"prehistory\" description=\"Prehistory\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistory\"\n      uid=113_127 StaticText \"prehistory\"\n    uid=113_128 StaticText \" and \"\n    uid=113_129 link \"history\" description=\"Human history\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history\"\n      uid=113_130 StaticText \"history\"\n    uid=113_131 StaticText \" for the human population to reach a billion and only 218 more years from there to reach 8 billion. As of 2026, the world population is approximately 8.3 billion.\"\n    uid=113_132 link \"[2]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:5-2\"\n      uid=113_133 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_134 StaticText \"2\"\n      uid=113_135 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_136 StaticText \"The human population experienced \"\n    uid=113_137 link \"continuous growth\" description=\"Population growth\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growth\"\n      uid=113_138 StaticText \"continuous growth\"\n    uid=113_139 StaticText \" following the \"\n    uid=113_140 link \"Great Famine of 1315–1317\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1315%E2%80%931317\"\n      uid=113_141 StaticText \"Great Famine of 1315–1317\"\n    uid=113_142 StaticText \" and the end of the \"\n    uid=113_143 link \"Black Death\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death\"\n      uid=113_144 StaticText \"Black Death\"\n    uid=113_145 StaticText \" in 1350, when it had reached nearly 370 million.\"\n    uid=113_146 link \"[3]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-3\"\n      uid=113_147 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_148 StaticText \"3\"\n      uid=113_149 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_150 StaticText \" The highest global \"\n    uid=113_151 link \"population growth rates\" description=\"List of countries by population growth rate\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate\"\n      uid=113_152 StaticText \"population growth rates\"\n    uid=113_153 StaticText \", with increases of over 1.8% per year, occurred between 1955 and 1975, peaking at 2.1% between 1965 and 1970.\"\n    uid=113_154 link \"[4]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:1-4\"\n      uid=113_155 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_156 StaticText \"4\"\n      uid=113_157 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_158 StaticText \" The growth rate declined to 1.1% between 2015 and 2020 and is projected to decline further in the 21st century.\"\n    uid=113_159 link \"[5]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:8-5\"\n      uid=113_160 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_161 StaticText \"5\"\n      uid=113_162 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_163 StaticText \" The global population is still increasing, but there is significant uncertainty about its long-term trajectory due to changing \"\n    uid=113_164 link \"fertility\" description=\"Total fertility rate\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fertility_rate\"\n      uid=113_165 StaticText \"fertility\"\n    uid=113_166 StaticText \" and \"\n    uid=113_167 link \"mortality\" description=\"Mortality rate\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortality_rate\"\n      uid=113_168 StaticText \"mortality\"\n    uid=113_169 StaticText \" rates.\"\n    uid=113_170 link \"[6]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-6\"\n      uid=113_171 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_172 StaticText \"6\"\n      uid=113_173 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_174 StaticText \" The \"\n    uid=113_175 link \"UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNDESA)\" description=\"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs\"\n      uid=113_176 StaticText \"UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNDESA)\"\n    uid=113_177 StaticText \" has projected the world population to reach between 9 and 10 billion people by 2050, providing an 80% \"\n    uid=113_178 link \"confidence interval\" description=\"Confidence interval\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval\"\n      uid=113_179 StaticText \"confidence interval\"\n    uid=113_180 StaticText \" of 10–12 billion by the end of the 21st century,\"\n    uid=113_181 link \"[1]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:4-1\"\n      uid=113_182 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_183 StaticText \"1\"\n      uid=113_184 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_185 StaticText \" with a growth rate by then of zero. However, other \"\n    uid=113_186 link \"demographers\" description=\"Demography\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography\"\n      uid=113_187 StaticText \"demographers\"\n    uid=113_188 StaticText \" predict that the human population may begin to decline in the second half of the 21st century if global fertility rates continue to fall.\"\n    uid=113_189 link \"[7]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-7\"\n      uid=113_190 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_191 StaticText \"7\"\n      uid=113_192 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_193 StaticText \"The total number of births globally, as of 2024, is approximately 132 million/year, which is projected to peak during the period 2040–2045 at 141 million/year and then decline slowly to 126 million/year by 2100.\"\n    uid=113_194 link \"[8]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-8\"\n      uid=113_195 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_196 StaticText \"8\"\n      uid=113_197 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_198 StaticText \" The total number of deaths is currently 63 million/year and is projected to grow steadily to 122 million/year by 2100.\"\n    uid=113_199 link \"[9]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-9\"\n      uid=113_200 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_201 StaticText \"9\"\n      uid=113_202 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_203 StaticText \"The \"\n    uid=113_204 link \"global median age\" description=\"Population pyramid\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_pyramid\"\n      uid=113_205 StaticText \"global median age\"\n    uid=113_206 StaticText \" of human beings, as of 2026, is 31.1 years.\"\n    uid=113_207 link \"[10]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:0-10\"\n      uid=113_208 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_209 StaticText \"10\"\n      uid=113_210 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_211 link \"[2]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:5-2\"\n      uid=113_212 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_213 StaticText \"2\"\n      uid=113_214 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_215 heading \"History\" level=\"2\"\n    uid=113_216 StaticText \"Further information: \"\n    uid=113_217 link \"Estimates of historical world population\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimates_of_historical_world_population\"\n      uid=113_218 StaticText \"Estimates of historical world population\"\n    uid=113_219 StaticText \" and \"\n    uid=113_220 link \"Human history\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history\"\n      uid=113_221 StaticText \"Human history\"\n    uid=113_222 link url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_of_contemporary_and_past_human_populations_Our_World_in_Data.png\"\n    uid=113_223 StaticText \"Visual comparison of the world population in past and present\"\n    uid=113_224 StaticText \"Estimates of world population by their nature are an aspect of \"\n    uid=113_225 link \"modernity\" description=\"Modernity\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernity\"\n      uid=113_226 StaticText \"modernity\"\n    uid=113_227 StaticText \", possible only since the \"\n    uid=113_228 link \"Age of Discovery\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Discovery\"\n      uid=113_229 StaticText \"Age of Discovery\"\n    uid=113_230 StaticText \". Early estimates for the population of the world\"\n    uid=113_231 link \"[11]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-11\"\n      uid=113_232 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_233 StaticText \"11\"\n      uid=113_234 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_235 StaticText \" date to the 17th century: \"\n    uid=113_236 link \"William Petty\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Petty\"\n      uid=113_237 StaticText \"William Petty\"\n    uid=113_238 StaticText \", in 1682, estimated the world population at 320 million (current estimates ranging close to twice this number); by the late 18th century, estimates ranged close to one billion (consistent with current estimates).\"\n    uid=113_239 link \"[12]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-12\"\n      uid=113_240 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_241 StaticText \"12\"\n      uid=113_242 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_243 StaticText \" More refined estimates, broken down by continents, were published in the first half of the 19th century, at 600 million to 1 billion in the early 1800s and 800 million to 1 billion in the 1840s.\"\n    uid=113_244 link \"[13]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-13\"\n      uid=113_245 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_246 StaticText \"13\"\n      uid=113_247 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_248 StaticText \"It is difficult for estimates to be better than rough approximations, as even current population estimates are fraught with uncertainties from 3% to 5%.\"\n    uid=113_249 link \"[14]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-Kapitza2-14\"\n      uid=113_250 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_251 StaticText \"14\"\n      uid=113_252 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_253 heading \"Prehistoric patterns\" level=\"3\"\n    uid=113_254 StaticText \"The history of the world's population involves a great deal of speculation. Before 9000 BC, virtually all humans were hunter-gatherers living in small bands that usually verged on the edge of extinction. Survival depended on the capture of hunted animals; if supply of animals dwindled for any reason, humans would starve; if the human population grew too large the number of surviving animals would shrink, leading to starvation the next year for the hunters (humans had not yet invented the technique of domesticating and herding animals). The hunting cultures sometimes fished, and usually gathered wild seeds and nuts, but they did not plant or grow vegetables or any other crops. One very rough estimate is 8 million hunters lived circa 9000 BC when the first of several \"\"\n    uid=113_255 link \"agricultural revolutions\" description=\"Neolithic Revolution\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution\"\n      uid=113_256 StaticText \"agricultural revolutions\"\n    uid=113_257 StaticText \"\" occurred in the eastern hemisphere (the dates are very conjectural). Around the year 9000 BC in the Middle East, for reasons unknown, some groups began to domesticate and graze sheep. The practice of cultivating plants was invented independently in three places: in the Middle East and Europe (wheat, 6500–3500 BC), in Southeast Asia (rice, 6800–4000 BC), and in Central America and Peru (corn, about 2500 BC).\"\n    uid=113_258 link \"[15]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-15\"\n      uid=113_259 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_260 StaticText \"15\"\n      uid=113_261 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_262 StaticText \"Agriculture provided a steady food supply that could be stored for a year or longer in order to minimize the risk of famine. Farm production could be expanded by systematic human exertion. The new technology of farming meant that the food supply was proportional to the number of workers who could plant and harvest the crops. Every new pair of hands meant more food for the community, so children were valued in agricultural societies. Later, additional workers found useful work in building irrigation canals and systems that provided a stable water supply for crops, especially in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Peru and Mexico. The population could now grow because new people paid their own way. (It would take many centuries before the arable land supply became a limiting factor.) However, death rates were high, especially for infants and children, so even with high birth rates growth was slow. The same amount of land could support either 1,000 hunters or 100,000 farmers, and it is easy to see which side ultimately would win a fight for the land. Farmers gathered in permanent villages, and through a process of warfare consolidated into much larger states, including those in China, India, Egypt and Mesopotamia. From 300 to 1400 AD large agricultural states also existed throughout the eastern United States, called the \"\"\n    uid=113_263 link \"Hopewell tradition\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopewell_tradition\"\n      uid=113_264 StaticText \"Hopewell tradition\"\n    uid=113_265 StaticText \"\" and \"\"\n    uid=113_266 link \"Mississippian cultures\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippian_cultures\"\n      uid=113_267 StaticText \"Mississippian cultures\"\n    uid=113_268 StaticText \"\". They are most famous as \"\n    uid=113_269 link \"Mound Builders\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound_Builders\"\n      uid=113_270 StaticText \"Mound Builders\"\n    uid=113_271 StaticText \", but their culture collapsed (for unknown reasons) by 1500. The natives encountered by the English and French were nomadic hunters who supplemented their meat diet with cultivated vegetables.\"\n    uid=113_272 link \"[16]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-16\"\n      uid=113_273 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_274 StaticText \"16\"\n      uid=113_275 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_276 link \"[17]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-17\"\n      uid=113_277 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_278 StaticText \"17\"\n      uid=113_279 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_280 heading \"Ancient and post-classical history\" level=\"3\"\n    uid=113_281 StaticText \"Main articles: \"\n    uid=113_282 link \"Classical demography\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_demography\"\n      uid=113_283 StaticText \"Classical demography\"\n    uid=113_284 StaticText \" and \"\n    uid=113_285 link \"Medieval demography\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_demography\"\n      uid=113_286 StaticText \"Medieval demography\"\n    uid=113_287 link url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Population_curve.svg\"\n    uid=113_288 StaticText \"Graph of human population from 10 000 BC to 2000 \"\n    uid=113_289 link \"AD\" description=\"Anno Domini\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Domini\"\n      uid=113_290 StaticText \"AD\"\n    uid=113_291 StaticText \". It shows exponential rise in world population that has taken place since the end of the seventeenth century.\"\n    uid=113_292 StaticText \"Estimates of the population of the world at the time agriculture emerged in around 10,000 BC have ranged between 1 million and 15 million.\"\n    uid=113_293 link \"[18]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-18\"\n      uid=113_294 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_295 StaticText \"18\"\n      uid=113_296 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_297 link \"[19]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-19\"\n      uid=113_298 StaticText \"[\"","is_error":false}]},"parent_tool_use_id":null,"session_id":"30af749e-4b43-46ab-86ed-b572ee6e94dd","uuid":"cb98e311-f5d6-41a3-b0ca-d07664f821cd","timestamp":"2026-04-07T20:02:57.999Z","tool_use_result":{"stdout":"## Latest page snapshot\nuid=113_0 RootWebArea \"World population - Wikipedia\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population\"\n  uid=113_1 generic live=\"polite\" relevant=\"additions text\"\n  uid=113_2 link \"Jump to content\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#bodyContent\"\n    uid=113_3 StaticText \"Jump to content\"\n  uid=113_4 banner\n    uid=113_5 navigation \"Site\"\n      uid=113_6 button \"Main menu\" haspopup=\"menu\"\n    uid=113_7 link \"Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page\"\n      uid=113_8 image \"Wikipedia\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg\"\n      uid=113_9 image \"The Free Encyclopedia\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg\"\n    uid=113_10 search\n      uid=113_11 searchbox \"Search Wikipedia\" description=\"Search Wikipedia [ctrl-option-f]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+f\"\n      uid=113_12 button \"Search\"\n    uid=113_13 navigation \"Personal tools\"\n      uid=113_14 link \"Donate\" url=\"https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en\"\n        uid=113_15 StaticText \"Donate\"\n      uid=113_16 link \"Create account\" description=\"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=World+population\"\n        uid=113_17 StaticText \"Create account\"\n      uid=113_18 link \"Log in\" description=\"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-option-o]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+o\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=World+population\"\n        uid=113_19 StaticText \"Log in\"\n  uid=113_20 navigation \"Contents\"\n    uid=113_21 heading \"Contents\" level=\"2\"\n    uid=113_22 button \"hide\"\n    uid=113_23 link \"(Top)\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#\"\n      uid=113_24 StaticText \"(Top)\"\n    uid=113_25 link \"History\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#History\"\n      uid=113_26 StaticText \"History\"\n    uid=113_27 button \"Toggle History subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_28 link \"Global demographics\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Global_demographics\"\n      uid=113_29 StaticText \"Global demographics\"\n    uid=113_30 link \"Population by region\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Population_by_region\"\n      uid=113_31 StaticText \"Population by region\"\n    uid=113_32 link \"Largest populations by country\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Largest_populations_by_country\"\n      uid=113_33 StaticText \"Largest populations by country\"\n    uid=113_34 button \"Toggle Largest populations by country subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_35 link \"Fluctuation\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Fluctuation\"\n      uid=113_36 StaticText \"Fluctuation\"\n    uid=113_37 button \"Toggle Fluctuation subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_38 link \"Mathematical approximations\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Mathematical_approximations\"\n      uid=113_39 StaticText \"Mathematical approximations\"\n    uid=113_40 button \"Toggle Mathematical approximations subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_41 link \"Number of humans who have ever lived\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Number_of_humans_who_have_ever_lived\"\n      uid=113_42 StaticText \"Number of humans who have ever lived\"\n    uid=113_43 link \"Human population as a function of food availability\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Human_population_as_a_function_of_food_availability\"\n      uid=113_44 StaticText \"Human population as a function of food availability\"\n    uid=113_45 link \"See also\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#See_also\"\n      uid=113_46 StaticText \"See also\"\n    uid=113_47 link \"Explanatory notes\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Explanatory_notes\"\n      uid=113_48 StaticText \"Explanatory notes\"\n    uid=113_49 link \"Sources\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Sources\"\n      uid=113_50 StaticText \"Sources\"\n    uid=113_51 link \"References\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#References\"\n      uid=113_52 StaticText \"References\"\n    uid=113_53 button \"Toggle References subsection\" expandable\n    uid=113_54 link \"Further reading\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#Further_reading\"\n      uid=113_55 StaticText \"Further reading\"\n    uid=113_56 link \"External links\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#External_links\"\n      uid=113_57 StaticText \"External links\"\n  uid=113_58 main\n    uid=113_59 heading \"World population\" level=\"1\"\n    uid=113_60 button \"Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages\" haspopup=\"menu\"\n    uid=113_61 navigation \"Namespaces\"\n      uid=113_62 link \"Article\" description=\"View the content page [ctrl-option-c]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+c\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population\"\n        uid=113_63 StaticText \"Article\"\n      uid=113_64 link \"Talk\" description=\"Discuss improvements to the content page [ctrl-option-t]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+t\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_population\"\n        uid=113_65 StaticText \"Talk\"\n    uid=113_66 navigation \"Views\"\n      uid=113_67 link \"Read\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population\"\n        uid=113_68 StaticText \"Read\"\n      uid=113_69 link \"View source\" description=\"This page is protected. You can view its source [ctrl-option-e]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+e\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=edit\"\n        uid=113_70 StaticText \"View source\"\n      uid=113_71 link \"View history\" description=\"Past revisions of this page [ctrl-option-h]\" keyshortcuts=\"Ctrl+Alt+h\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_population&action=history\"\n        uid=113_72 StaticText \"View history\"\n    uid=113_73 navigation \"Page tools\"\n      uid=113_74 button \"Tools\" haspopup=\"menu\"\n    uid=113_75 navigation \"Appearance\"\n      uid=113_76 StaticText \"Appearance\"\n      uid=113_77 button \"hide\"\n      uid=113_78 StaticText \"Birthday mode (Baby Globe)\"\n      uid=113_79 radio \"Disabled\"\n      uid=113_80 StaticText \"Disabled\"\n      uid=113_81 radio \"Enabled\" checked\n      uid=113_82 StaticText \"Enabled\"\n      uid=113_83 link \"Learn more about Birthday mode\" url=\"https://wikimediafoundation.org/wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot/?utm_campaign=wpam&utm_source=wpam&utm_medium=wpamen\"\n        uid=113_84 StaticText \"Learn more about Birthday mode\"\n      uid=113_85 StaticText \"Text\"\n      uid=113_86 radio \"Small\"\n      uid=113_87 StaticText \"Small\"\n      uid=113_88 radio \"Standard\" checked\n      uid=113_89 StaticText \"Standard\"\n      uid=113_90 radio \"Large\"\n      uid=113_91 StaticText \"Large\"\n      uid=113_92 StaticText \"Width\"\n      uid=113_93 radio \"Standard\" checked\n      uid=113_94 StaticText \"Standard\"\n      uid=113_95 radio \"Wide\"\n      uid=113_96 StaticText \"Wide\"\n      uid=113_97 StaticText \"Color \"\n      uid=113_98 StaticText \"(beta)\"\n      uid=113_99 radio \"Automatic\"\n      uid=113_100 StaticText \"Automatic\"\n      uid=113_101 radio \"Light\" checked\n      uid=113_102 StaticText \"Light\"\n      uid=113_103 radio \"Dark\"\n      uid=113_104 StaticText \"Dark\"\n    uid=113_105 link \"Page semi-protected\" description=\"This article is semi-protected due to vandalism\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi\"\n      uid=113_106 image \"Page semi-protected\" url=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png\"\n    uid=113_107 StaticText \"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\"\n    uid=113_108 link url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_Population_Prospects.svg\"\n    uid=113_109 StaticText \"High, medium, and low projections of the future human world population\"\n    uid=113_110 link \"[1]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:4-1\"\n      uid=113_111 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_112 StaticText \"1\"\n      uid=113_113 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_114 StaticText \"In \"\n    uid=113_115 link \"world demographics\" description=\"Demographics of the world\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_world\"\n      uid=113_116 StaticText \"world demographics\"\n    uid=113_117 StaticText \", the \"\n    uid=113_118 StaticText \"world population\"\n    uid=113_119 StaticText \" is the total number of humans currently alive. It was estimated by the \"\n    uid=113_120 link \"United Nations\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations\"\n      uid=113_121 StaticText \"United Nations\"\n    uid=113_122 StaticText \" to have \"\n    uid=113_123 link \"exceeded 8 billion\" description=\"Day of Eight Billion\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_Eight_Billion\"\n      uid=113_124 StaticText \"exceeded 8 billion\"\n    uid=113_125 StaticText \" (8,000,000,000) on November 15, 2022. It took around 300,000 years of human \"\n    uid=113_126 link \"prehistory\" description=\"Prehistory\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistory\"\n      uid=113_127 StaticText \"prehistory\"\n    uid=113_128 StaticText \" and \"\n    uid=113_129 link \"history\" description=\"Human history\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history\"\n      uid=113_130 StaticText \"history\"\n    uid=113_131 StaticText \" for the human population to reach a billion and only 218 more years from there to reach 8 billion. As of 2026, the world population is approximately 8.3 billion.\"\n    uid=113_132 link \"[2]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:5-2\"\n      uid=113_133 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_134 StaticText \"2\"\n      uid=113_135 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_136 StaticText \"The human population experienced \"\n    uid=113_137 link \"continuous growth\" description=\"Population growth\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growth\"\n      uid=113_138 StaticText \"continuous growth\"\n    uid=113_139 StaticText \" following the \"\n    uid=113_140 link \"Great Famine of 1315–1317\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Famine_of_1315%E2%80%931317\"\n      uid=113_141 StaticText \"Great Famine of 1315–1317\"\n    uid=113_142 StaticText \" and the end of the \"\n    uid=113_143 link \"Black Death\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death\"\n      uid=113_144 StaticText \"Black Death\"\n    uid=113_145 StaticText \" in 1350, when it had reached nearly 370 million.\"\n    uid=113_146 link \"[3]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-3\"\n      uid=113_147 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_148 StaticText \"3\"\n      uid=113_149 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_150 StaticText \" The highest global \"\n    uid=113_151 link \"population growth rates\" description=\"List of countries by population growth rate\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate\"\n      uid=113_152 StaticText \"population growth rates\"\n    uid=113_153 StaticText \", with increases of over 1.8% per year, occurred between 1955 and 1975, peaking at 2.1% between 1965 and 1970.\"\n    uid=113_154 link \"[4]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:1-4\"\n      uid=113_155 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_156 StaticText \"4\"\n      uid=113_157 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_158 StaticText \" The growth rate declined to 1.1% between 2015 and 2020 and is projected to decline further in the 21st century.\"\n    uid=113_159 link \"[5]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:8-5\"\n      uid=113_160 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_161 StaticText \"5\"\n      uid=113_162 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_163 StaticText \" The global population is still increasing, but there is significant uncertainty about its long-term trajectory due to changing \"\n    uid=113_164 link \"fertility\" description=\"Total fertility rate\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fertility_rate\"\n      uid=113_165 StaticText \"fertility\"\n    uid=113_166 StaticText \" and \"\n    uid=113_167 link \"mortality\" description=\"Mortality rate\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortality_rate\"\n      uid=113_168 StaticText \"mortality\"\n    uid=113_169 StaticText \" rates.\"\n    uid=113_170 link \"[6]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-6\"\n      uid=113_171 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_172 StaticText \"6\"\n      uid=113_173 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_174 StaticText \" The \"\n    uid=113_175 link \"UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNDESA)\" description=\"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs\"\n      uid=113_176 StaticText \"UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNDESA)\"\n    uid=113_177 StaticText \" has projected the world population to reach between 9 and 10 billion people by 2050, providing an 80% \"\n    uid=113_178 link \"confidence interval\" description=\"Confidence interval\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval\"\n      uid=113_179 StaticText \"confidence interval\"\n    uid=113_180 StaticText \" of 10–12 billion by the end of the 21st century,\"\n    uid=113_181 link \"[1]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:4-1\"\n      uid=113_182 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_183 StaticText \"1\"\n      uid=113_184 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_185 StaticText \" with a growth rate by then of zero. However, other \"\n    uid=113_186 link \"demographers\" description=\"Demography\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography\"\n      uid=113_187 StaticText \"demographers\"\n    uid=113_188 StaticText \" predict that the human population may begin to decline in the second half of the 21st century if global fertility rates continue to fall.\"\n    uid=113_189 link \"[7]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-7\"\n      uid=113_190 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_191 StaticText \"7\"\n      uid=113_192 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_193 StaticText \"The total number of births globally, as of 2024, is approximately 132 million/year, which is projected to peak during the period 2040–2045 at 141 million/year and then decline slowly to 126 million/year by 2100.\"\n    uid=113_194 link \"[8]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-8\"\n      uid=113_195 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_196 StaticText \"8\"\n      uid=113_197 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_198 StaticText \" The total number of deaths is currently 63 million/year and is projected to grow steadily to 122 million/year by 2100.\"\n    uid=113_199 link \"[9]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-9\"\n      uid=113_200 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_201 StaticText \"9\"\n      uid=113_202 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_203 StaticText \"The \"\n    uid=113_204 link \"global median age\" description=\"Population pyramid\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_pyramid\"\n      uid=113_205 StaticText \"global median age\"\n    uid=113_206 StaticText \" of human beings, as of 2026, is 31.1 years.\"\n    uid=113_207 link \"[10]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:0-10\"\n      uid=113_208 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_209 StaticText \"10\"\n      uid=113_210 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_211 link \"[2]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-:5-2\"\n      uid=113_212 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_213 StaticText \"2\"\n      uid=113_214 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_215 heading \"History\" level=\"2\"\n    uid=113_216 StaticText \"Further information: \"\n    uid=113_217 link \"Estimates of historical world population\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimates_of_historical_world_population\"\n      uid=113_218 StaticText \"Estimates of historical world population\"\n    uid=113_219 StaticText \" and \"\n    uid=113_220 link \"Human history\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history\"\n      uid=113_221 StaticText \"Human history\"\n    uid=113_222 link url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_of_contemporary_and_past_human_populations_Our_World_in_Data.png\"\n    uid=113_223 StaticText \"Visual comparison of the world population in past and present\"\n    uid=113_224 StaticText \"Estimates of world population by their nature are an aspect of \"\n    uid=113_225 link \"modernity\" description=\"Modernity\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernity\"\n      uid=113_226 StaticText \"modernity\"\n    uid=113_227 StaticText \", possible only since the \"\n    uid=113_228 link \"Age of Discovery\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Discovery\"\n      uid=113_229 StaticText \"Age of Discovery\"\n    uid=113_230 StaticText \". Early estimates for the population of the world\"\n    uid=113_231 link \"[11]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-11\"\n      uid=113_232 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_233 StaticText \"11\"\n      uid=113_234 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_235 StaticText \" date to the 17th century: \"\n    uid=113_236 link \"William Petty\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Petty\"\n      uid=113_237 StaticText \"William Petty\"\n    uid=113_238 StaticText \", in 1682, estimated the world population at 320 million (current estimates ranging close to twice this number); by the late 18th century, estimates ranged close to one billion (consistent with current estimates).\"\n    uid=113_239 link \"[12]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-12\"\n      uid=113_240 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_241 StaticText \"12\"\n      uid=113_242 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_243 StaticText \" More refined estimates, broken down by continents, were published in the first half of the 19th century, at 600 million to 1 billion in the early 1800s and 800 million to 1 billion in the 1840s.\"\n    uid=113_244 link \"[13]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-13\"\n      uid=113_245 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_246 StaticText \"13\"\n      uid=113_247 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_248 StaticText \"It is difficult for estimates to be better than rough approximations, as even current population estimates are fraught with uncertainties from 3% to 5%.\"\n    uid=113_249 link \"[14]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-Kapitza2-14\"\n      uid=113_250 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_251 StaticText \"14\"\n      uid=113_252 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_253 heading \"Prehistoric patterns\" level=\"3\"\n    uid=113_254 StaticText \"The history of the world's population involves a great deal of speculation. Before 9000 BC, virtually all humans were hunter-gatherers living in small bands that usually verged on the edge of extinction. Survival depended on the capture of hunted animals; if supply of animals dwindled for any reason, humans would starve; if the human population grew too large the number of surviving animals would shrink, leading to starvation the next year for the hunters (humans had not yet invented the technique of domesticating and herding animals). The hunting cultures sometimes fished, and usually gathered wild seeds and nuts, but they did not plant or grow vegetables or any other crops. One very rough estimate is 8 million hunters lived circa 9000 BC when the first of several \"\"\n    uid=113_255 link \"agricultural revolutions\" description=\"Neolithic Revolution\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution\"\n      uid=113_256 StaticText \"agricultural revolutions\"\n    uid=113_257 StaticText \"\" occurred in the eastern hemisphere (the dates are very conjectural). Around the year 9000 BC in the Middle East, for reasons unknown, some groups began to domesticate and graze sheep. The practice of cultivating plants was invented independently in three places: in the Middle East and Europe (wheat, 6500–3500 BC), in Southeast Asia (rice, 6800–4000 BC), and in Central America and Peru (corn, about 2500 BC).\"\n    uid=113_258 link \"[15]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-15\"\n      uid=113_259 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_260 StaticText \"15\"\n      uid=113_261 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_262 StaticText \"Agriculture provided a steady food supply that could be stored for a year or longer in order to minimize the risk of famine. Farm production could be expanded by systematic human exertion. The new technology of farming meant that the food supply was proportional to the number of workers who could plant and harvest the crops. Every new pair of hands meant more food for the community, so children were valued in agricultural societies. Later, additional workers found useful work in building irrigation canals and systems that provided a stable water supply for crops, especially in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Peru and Mexico. The population could now grow because new people paid their own way. (It would take many centuries before the arable land supply became a limiting factor.) However, death rates were high, especially for infants and children, so even with high birth rates growth was slow. The same amount of land could support either 1,000 hunters or 100,000 farmers, and it is easy to see which side ultimately would win a fight for the land. Farmers gathered in permanent villages, and through a process of warfare consolidated into much larger states, including those in China, India, Egypt and Mesopotamia. From 300 to 1400 AD large agricultural states also existed throughout the eastern United States, called the \"\"\n    uid=113_263 link \"Hopewell tradition\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopewell_tradition\"\n      uid=113_264 StaticText \"Hopewell tradition\"\n    uid=113_265 StaticText \"\" and \"\"\n    uid=113_266 link \"Mississippian cultures\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippian_cultures\"\n      uid=113_267 StaticText \"Mississippian cultures\"\n    uid=113_268 StaticText \"\". They are most famous as \"\n    uid=113_269 link \"Mound Builders\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound_Builders\"\n      uid=113_270 StaticText \"Mound Builders\"\n    uid=113_271 StaticText \", but their culture collapsed (for unknown reasons) by 1500. The natives encountered by the English and French were nomadic hunters who supplemented their meat diet with cultivated vegetables.\"\n    uid=113_272 link \"[16]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-16\"\n      uid=113_273 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_274 StaticText \"16\"\n      uid=113_275 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_276 link \"[17]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-17\"\n      uid=113_277 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_278 StaticText \"17\"\n      uid=113_279 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_280 heading \"Ancient and post-classical history\" level=\"3\"\n    uid=113_281 StaticText \"Main articles: \"\n    uid=113_282 link \"Classical demography\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_demography\"\n      uid=113_283 StaticText \"Classical demography\"\n    uid=113_284 StaticText \" and \"\n    uid=113_285 link \"Medieval demography\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_demography\"\n      uid=113_286 StaticText \"Medieval demography\"\n    uid=113_287 link url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Population_curve.svg\"\n    uid=113_288 StaticText \"Graph of human population from 10 000 BC to 2000 \"\n    uid=113_289 link \"AD\" description=\"Anno Domini\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Domini\"\n      uid=113_290 StaticText \"AD\"\n    uid=113_291 StaticText \". It shows exponential rise in world population that has taken place since the end of the seventeenth century.\"\n    uid=113_292 StaticText \"Estimates of the population of the world at the time agriculture emerged in around 10,000 BC have ranged between 1 million and 15 million.\"\n    uid=113_293 link \"[18]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-18\"\n      uid=113_294 StaticText \"[\"\n      uid=113_295 StaticText \"18\"\n      uid=113_296 StaticText \"]\"\n    uid=113_297 link \"[19]\" url=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population#cite_note-19\"\n      uid=113_298 StaticText \"[\"","stderr":"","interrupted":false,"isImage":false,"noOutputExpected":false}}
{"type":"assistant","message":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","id":"msg_01GQMXb2xjNZwYnXQnSumwtS","type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"tool_use","id":"toolu_011oienwohcA1SRBVLESbsqr","name":"Bash","input":{"command":"cat << 'EOF' > extract_table.ts\nimport { evaluateScript } from \"./servers/chrome-devtools/index.js\";\n\nconst result = await evaluateScript({\n  script: `() => {\n    // Find all tables on the page\n    const tables = document.querySelectorAll('table');\n    const results = [];\n    for (const table of tables) {\n      const text = table.innerText;\n      if (text.includes('billion') || text.includes('Billion')) {\n        results.push(text.substring(0, 2000));\n      }\n    }\n    return results.join('\\\\n\\\\n---TABLE BREAK---\\\\n\\\\n');\n  }`\n});\nconsole.log(result);\nEOF\nnpx tsx extract_table.ts 2>/dev/null","description":"Extract tables containing billion milestone data from the page"},"caller":{"type":"direct"}}],"stop_reason":null,"stop_sequence":null,"stop_details":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"cache_creation_input_tokens":7843,"cache_read_input_tokens":15936,"cache_creation":{"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":0,"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":7843},"output_tokens":45,"service_tier":"standard","inference_geo":"not_available"},"context_management":null},"parent_tool_use_id":null,"session_id":"30af749e-4b43-46ab-86ed-b572ee6e94dd","uuid":"e1eeab20-ec98-48cb-a406-276c9a400fb8"}
{"type":"user","message":{"role":"user","content":[{"tool_use_id":"toolu_011oienwohcA1SRBVLESbsqr","type":"tool_result","content":"Script ran on page and returned:\n```json\n\"World population milestones in billions[62] (Worldometers estimates)\\nPopulation\\n(in billions)\\t1\\t2\\t3\\t4\\t5\\t6\\t7\\t8\\t9\\t10\\nYear\\t1804\\t1927\\t1960\\t1974\\t1987\\t1999\\t2011\\t2022\\t2037\\t2057\\nYears elapsed\\t—\\t123\\t33\\t14\\t13\\t12\\t12\\t11\\t15\\t 20 \\t—\\n\\n---TABLE BREAK---\\n\\nStarting at 500 million\\nPopulation\\n(in billions)\\t0.5\\t1\\t2\\t4\\t8\\t16\\nYear\\t1500\\t1804\\t1927\\t1974\\t2022\\t—\\nYears elapsed\\t—\\t304\\t123\\t47\\t48\\t — \\t—\\n\\n---TABLE BREAK---\\n\\nStarting at 375 million\\nPopulation\\n(in billions)\\t0.375\\t0.75\\t1.5\\t3\\t6\\t12\\nYear\\t1171\\t1715\\t1881\\t1960\\t1999\\tc. 2100[155]\\nYears elapsed\\t—\\t544\\t166\\t79\\t39\\tc. 100+\\t—\"\n```","is_error":false}]},"parent_tool_use_id":null,"session_id":"30af749e-4b43-46ab-86ed-b572ee6e94dd","uuid":"66ece813-4718-4f64-b0f8-011dc1412f49","timestamp":"2026-04-07T20:03:03.342Z","tool_use_result":{"stdout":"Script ran on page and returned:\n```json\n\"World population milestones in billions[62] (Worldometers estimates)\\nPopulation\\n(in billions)\\t1\\t2\\t3\\t4\\t5\\t6\\t7\\t8\\t9\\t10\\nYear\\t1804\\t1927\\t1960\\t1974\\t1987\\t1999\\t2011\\t2022\\t2037\\t2057\\nYears elapsed\\t—\\t123\\t33\\t14\\t13\\t12\\t12\\t11\\t15\\t 20 \\t—\\n\\n---TABLE BREAK---\\n\\nStarting at 500 million\\nPopulation\\n(in billions)\\t0.5\\t1\\t2\\t4\\t8\\t16\\nYear\\t1500\\t1804\\t1927\\t1974\\t2022\\t—\\nYears elapsed\\t—\\t304\\t123\\t47\\t48\\t — \\t—\\n\\n---TABLE BREAK---\\n\\nStarting at 375 million\\nPopulation\\n(in billions)\\t0.375\\t0.75\\t1.5\\t3\\t6\\t12\\nYear\\t1171\\t1715\\t1881\\t1960\\t1999\\tc. 2100[155]\\nYears elapsed\\t—\\t544\\t166\\t79\\t39\\tc. 100+\\t—\"\n```","stderr":"","interrupted":false,"isImage":false,"noOutputExpected":false}}
{"type":"assistant","message":{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","id":"msg_01E98BAjH4nRnMkzop8LTEQd","type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Here are the years when world population reached each billion milestone, according to the **World population milestones** table on Wikipedia (Worldometers estimates):\n\n| Population | Year Reached | Years Since Previous Billion |\n|---|---|---|\n| 1 billion | **1804** | — |\n| 2 billion | **1927** | 123 years |\n| 3 billion | **1960** | 33 years |\n| 4 billion | **1974** | 14 years |\n| 5 billion | **1987** | 13 years |\n| 6 billion | **1999** | 12 years |\n| 7 billion | **2011** | 12 years |\n| 8 billion | **2022** | 11 years |\n\nNotable takeaway: it took ~300,000 years to reach the first billion, then each subsequent billion arrived faster and faster — the gap from 7 to 8 billion was just 11 years."}],"stop_reason":null,"stop_sequence":null,"stop_details":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"cache_creation_input_tokens":645,"cache_read_input_tokens":23779,"cache_creation":{"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":0,"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":645},"output_tokens":1,"service_tier":"standard","inference_geo":"not_available"},"context_management":null},"parent_tool_use_id":null,"session_id":"30af749e-4b43-46ab-86ed-b572ee6e94dd","uuid":"059f0fa8-4cc3-4353-a406-4f4b8bea31e3"}
{"type":"result","subtype":"success","is_error":false,"duration_ms":15491,"duration_api_ms":13489,"num_turns":3,"result":"Here are the years when world population reached each billion milestone, according to the **World population milestones** table on Wikipedia (Worldometers estimates):\n\n| Population | Year Reached | Years Since Previous Billion |\n|---|---|---|\n| 1 billion | **1804** | — |\n| 2 billion | **1927** | 123 years |\n| 3 billion | **1960** | 33 years |\n| 4 billion | **1974** | 14 years |\n| 5 billion | **1987** | 13 years |\n| 6 billion | **1999** | 12 years |\n| 7 billion | **2011** | 12 years |\n| 8 billion | **2022** | 11 years |\n\nNotable takeaway: it took ~300,000 years to reach the first billion, then each subsequent billion arrived faster and faster — the gap from 7 to 8 billion was just 11 years.","stop_reason":"end_turn","session_id":"30af749e-4b43-46ab-86ed-b572ee6e94dd","total_cost_usd":0.08492624999999998,"usage":{"input_tokens":4,"cache_creation_input_tokens":15979,"cache_read_input_tokens":48160,"output_tokens":703,"server_tool_use":{"web_search_requests":0,"web_fetch_requests":0},"service_tier":"standard","cache_creation":{"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":15979,"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":0},"inference_geo":"","iterations":[],"speed":"standard"},"modelUsage":{"claude-sonnet-4-6":{"inputTokens":4,"outputTokens":703,"cacheReadInputTokens":48160,"cacheCreationInputTokens":15979,"webSearchRequests":0,"costUSD":0.08492624999999998,"contextWindow":200000,"maxOutputTokens":32000}},"permission_denials":[],"fast_mode_state":"off","uuid":"f78e120f-4b66-4e97-9dce-3013f7a7ae3e"}
