import { createConnectTransport } from '@connectrpc/connect-web'

import {
  ConnectionConfig,
  ConnectionOpts,
  DEFAULT_SANDBOX_TIMEOUT_MS,
  defaultUsername,
  Username,
} from '../connectionConfig'
import { EnvdApiClient, handleEnvdApiError } from '../envd/api'
import { createEnvdFetch, createEnvdRpcFetch } from '../envd/http2'
import { createRpcLogger } from '../logs'
import { Commands, Pty } from './commands'
import { Filesystem } from './filesystem'
import { Git } from './git'
import {
  SandboxOpts,
  SandboxConnectOpts,
  SandboxMetricsOpts,
  SandboxApi,
  SandboxListOpts,
  SandboxNetworkUpdate,
  SandboxPaginator,
  SnapshotListOpts,
  SnapshotInfo,
  SnapshotPaginator,
  CreateSnapshotOpts,
  SandboxPauseOpts,
} from './sandboxApi'
import { getSignature } from './signature'
import { compareVersions } from 'compare-versions'
import { InvalidArgumentError, TemplateError } from '../errors'
import { ENVD_DEBUG_FALLBACK, ENVD_DEFAULT_USER } from '../envd/versions'
import { shellQuote } from '../utils'

/**
 * Options for sandbox upload/download URL generation.
 */
export interface SandboxUrlOpts {
  /**
   * Use signature expiration for the URL.
   * Optional parameter to set the expiration time for the signature in seconds.
   */
  useSignatureExpiration?: number

  /**
   * User that will be used to access the file.
   */
  user?: Username
}

/**
 * E2B cloud sandbox is a secure and isolated cloud environment.
 *
 * The sandbox allows you to:
 * - Access Linux OS
 * - Create, list, and delete files and directories
 * - Run commands
 * - Run git operations
 * - Run isolated code
 * - Access the internet
 *
 * Check docs [here](https://e2b.dev/docs).
 *
 * Use {@link Sandbox.create} to create a new sandbox.
 *
 * @example
 * ```ts
 * import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'
 *
 * const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()
 * ```
 */
export class Sandbox extends SandboxApi {
  protected static readonly defaultTemplate: string = 'base'
  protected static readonly defaultMcpTemplate: string = 'mcp-gateway'
  protected static readonly defaultSandboxTimeoutMs = DEFAULT_SANDBOX_TIMEOUT_MS

  /**
   * Module for interacting with the sandbox filesystem
   */
  readonly files: Filesystem
  /**
   * Module for running commands in the sandbox
   */
  readonly commands: Commands
  /**
   * Module for interacting with the sandbox pseudo-terminals
   */
  readonly pty: Pty
  /**
   * Module for running git operations in the sandbox
   */
  readonly git: Git

  /**
   * Unique identifier of the sandbox.
   */
  readonly sandboxId: string

  /**
   * Domain where the sandbox is hosted.
   */
  readonly sandboxDomain: string

  /**
   * Traffic access token for accessing sandbox services with restricted public traffic.
   */
  readonly trafficAccessToken?: string

  protected readonly envdPort = 49983
  protected readonly mcpPort = 50005

  protected readonly connectionConfig: ConnectionConfig
  protected readonly envdAccessToken?: string
  private readonly envdApiUrl: string
  private readonly envdDirectUrl: string
  private readonly envdApi: EnvdApiClient
  private mcpToken?: string

  /**
   * Use {@link Sandbox.create} to create a new Sandbox instead.
   *
   * @hidden
   * @hide
   * @internal
   * @access protected
   */
  constructor(
    opts: SandboxConnectOpts & {
      sandboxId: string
      sandboxDomain?: string
      envdVersion: string
      envdAccessToken?: string
      trafficAccessToken?: string
    }
  ) {
    super()

    this.connectionConfig = new ConnectionConfig(opts)

    this.sandboxId = opts.sandboxId
    this.sandboxDomain = opts.sandboxDomain ?? this.connectionConfig.domain

    this.envdAccessToken = opts.envdAccessToken
    this.trafficAccessToken = opts.trafficAccessToken
    this.envdApiUrl = this.connectionConfig.getSandboxUrl(this.sandboxId, {
      sandboxDomain: this.sandboxDomain,
      envdPort: this.envdPort,
    })
    this.envdDirectUrl = this.connectionConfig.getSandboxDirectUrl(
      this.sandboxId,
      {
        sandboxDomain: this.sandboxDomain,
        envdPort: this.envdPort,
      }
    )

    const sandboxHeaders = {
      'E2b-Sandbox-Id': this.sandboxId,
      'E2b-Sandbox-Port': this.envdPort.toString(),
    }
    const envdFetch = createEnvdFetch(this.connectionConfig.proxy)
    const envdRpcFetch = createEnvdRpcFetch(this.connectionConfig.proxy)

    const rpcTransport = createConnectTransport({
      baseUrl: this.envdApiUrl,
      useBinaryFormat: false,
      interceptors: opts?.logger ? [createRpcLogger(opts.logger)] : undefined,
      fetch: (url, options) => {
        // Patch fetch to always use redirect: "follow"
        // connect-web doesn't allow to configure redirect option - https://github.com/connectrpc/connect-es/pull/1082
        // connect-web package uses redirect: "error" which is not supported in edge runtimes
        // E2B endpoints should be safe to use with redirect: "follow" https://github.com/e2b-dev/E2B/issues/531#issuecomment-2779492867

        const headers = new Headers({
          'User-Agent': this.connectionConfig.headers?.['User-Agent'] ?? '',
        })
        new Headers(options?.headers).forEach((value, key) =>
          headers.append(key, value)
        )
        new Headers(sandboxHeaders).forEach((value, key) =>
          headers.append(key, value)
        )

        if (this.envdAccessToken) {
          headers.append('X-Access-Token', this.envdAccessToken)
        }

        options = {
          ...(options ?? {}),
          headers: headers,
          redirect: 'follow',
        }

        return envdRpcFetch(url, options)
      },
    })

    this.envdApi = new EnvdApiClient(
      {
        apiUrl: this.envdApiUrl,
        logger: opts?.logger,
        envdAccessToken: this.envdAccessToken,
        headers: {
          'User-Agent': this.connectionConfig.headers?.['User-Agent'] ?? '',
          ...sandboxHeaders,
        },
        fetch: (request) => envdFetch(request),
      },
      {
        version: opts.envdVersion,
      }
    )
    this.files = new Filesystem(
      rpcTransport,
      this.envdApi,
      this.connectionConfig
    )
    this.commands = new Commands(
      rpcTransport,
      this.envdApi,
      this.connectionConfig
    )
    this.pty = new Pty(rpcTransport, this.envdApi, this.connectionConfig)
    this.git = new Git(this.commands)
  }

  /**
   * List all sandboxes.
   *
   * @param opts connection options.
   *
   * @returns paginator for listing sandboxes.
   */
  static list(opts?: SandboxListOpts): SandboxPaginator {
    return new SandboxPaginator(opts)
  }

  /**
   * Create a new sandbox from the default `base` sandbox template.
   *
   * @param opts connection options.
   *
   * @returns sandbox instance for the new sandbox.
   *
   * @example
   * ```ts
   * const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()
   * ```
   * @constructs {@link Sandbox}
   */
  static async create<S extends typeof Sandbox>(
    this: S,
    opts?: SandboxOpts
  ): Promise<InstanceType<S>>

  /**
   * Create a new sandbox from the specified sandbox template.
   *
   * @param template sandbox template name or ID.
   * @param opts connection options.
   *
   * @returns sandbox instance for the new sandbox.
   *
   * @example
   * ```ts
   * const sandbox = await Sandbox.create('<template-name-or-id>')
   * ```
   * @constructs {@link Sandbox}
   */
  static async create<S extends typeof Sandbox>(
    this: S,
    template: string,
    opts?: SandboxOpts
  ): Promise<InstanceType<S>>
  static async create<S extends typeof Sandbox>(
    this: S,
    templateOrOpts?: SandboxOpts | string,
    opts?: SandboxOpts
  ): Promise<InstanceType<S>> {
    const { template, sandboxOpts } =
      typeof templateOrOpts === 'string'
        ? {
            template: templateOrOpts,
            sandboxOpts: opts,
          }
        : {
            template:
              templateOrOpts?.template ??
              (templateOrOpts?.mcp
                ? this.defaultMcpTemplate
                : this.defaultTemplate),
            sandboxOpts: templateOrOpts,
          }

    const config = new ConnectionConfig(sandboxOpts)
    if (config.debug) {
      return new this({
        sandboxId: 'debug_sandbox_id',
        envdVersion: ENVD_DEBUG_FALLBACK,
        ...config,
      }) as InstanceType<S>
    }

    const sandboxInfo = await SandboxApi.createSandbox(
      template,
      sandboxOpts?.timeoutMs ?? this.defaultSandboxTimeoutMs,
      sandboxOpts
    )

    const sandbox = new this({ ...sandboxInfo, ...config }) as InstanceType<S>

    if (sandboxOpts?.mcp) {
      sandbox.mcpToken = crypto.randomUUID()
      const res = await sandbox.commands.run(
        `mcp-gateway --config ${shellQuote(JSON.stringify(sandboxOpts.mcp))}`,
        {
          user: 'root',
          envs: {
            GATEWAY_ACCESS_TOKEN: sandbox.mcpToken ?? '',
          },
        }
      )
      if (res.exitCode !== 0) {
        throw new Error(`Failed to start MCP gateway: ${res.stderr}`)
      }
    }

    return sandbox
  }

  /**
   * Connect to a sandbox. If the sandbox is paused, it will be automatically resumed.
   * Sandbox must be either running or be paused.
   *
   * With sandbox ID you can connect to the same sandbox from different places or environments (serverless functions, etc).
   *
   * @param sandboxId sandbox ID.
   * @param opts connection options.
   *
   * @returns A running sandbox instance
   *
   * @example
   * ```ts
   * const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()
   * const sandboxId = sandbox.sandboxId
   *
   * // Connect to the same sandbox.
   * const sameSandbox = await Sandbox.connect(sandboxId)
   * ```
   */
  static async connect<S extends typeof Sandbox>(
    this: S,
    sandboxId: string,
    opts?: SandboxConnectOpts
  ): Promise<InstanceType<S>> {
    const config = new ConnectionConfig(opts)
    if (config.debug) {
      return new this({
        sandboxId,
        envdVersion: ENVD_DEBUG_FALLBACK,
        ...config,
      }) as InstanceType<S>
    }

    const sandbox = await SandboxApi.connectSandbox(sandboxId, opts)

    return new this({
      sandboxId,
      sandboxDomain: sandbox.sandboxDomain,
      envdAccessToken: sandbox.envdAccessToken,
      trafficAccessToken: sandbox.trafficAccessToken,
      envdVersion: sandbox.envdVersion,
      ...config,
    }) as InstanceType<S>
  }

  /**
   * Connect to a sandbox. If the sandbox is paused, it will be automatically resumed.
   * Sandbox must be either running or be paused.
   *
   * With sandbox ID you can connect to the same sandbox from different places or environments (serverless functions, etc).
   *
   * @param opts connection options.
   *
   * @returns A running sandbox instance
   *
   * @example
   * ```ts
   * const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()
   * await sandbox.betaPause()
   *
   * // Connect to the same sandbox.
   * const sameSandbox = await sandbox.connect()
   * ```
   */
  async connect(opts?: SandboxConnectOpts): Promise<this> {
    if (this.connectionConfig.debug) {
      // Skip connecting to the sandbox in debug mode
      return this
    }

    await SandboxApi.connectSandbox(this.sandboxId, this.resolveApiOpts(opts))

    return this
  }

  /**
   * Get the host address for the specified sandbox port.
   * You can then use this address to connect to the sandbox port from outside the sandbox via HTTP or WebSocket.
   *
   * @param port number of the port in the sandbox.
   *
   * @returns host address of the sandbox port.
   *
   * @example
   * ```ts
   * const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()
   * // Start an HTTP server
   * await sandbox.commands.exec('python3 -m http.server 3000')
   * // Get the hostname of the HTTP server
   * const serverURL = sandbox.getHost(3000)
   * ```
   */
  getHost(port: number) {
    return this.connectionConfig.getHost(
      this.sandboxId,
      port,
      this.sandboxDomain
    )
  }

  /**
   * Check if the sandbox is running.
   *
   * @returns `true` if the sandbox is running, `false` otherwise.
   *
   * @example
   * ```ts
   * const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()
   * await sandbox.isRunning() // Returns true
   *
   * await sandbox.kill()
   * await sandbox.isRunning() // Returns false
   * ```
   */
  async isRunning(
    opts?: Pick<ConnectionOpts, 'requestTimeoutMs' | 'signal'>
  ): Promise<boolean> {
    const signal = this.connectionConfig.getSignal(
      opts?.requestTimeoutMs,
      opts?.signal
    )

    const res = await this.envdApi.api.GET('/health', {
      signal,
    })

    if (res.response.status == 502) {
      return false
    }

    const err = await handleEnvdApiError(res)
    if (err) {
      throw err
    }

    return true
  }

  /**
   * Set the timeout of the sandbox.
   *
   * This method can extend or reduce the sandbox timeout set when creating the sandbox or from the last call to `.setTimeout`.
   * Maximum time a sandbox can be kept alive is 24 hours (86_400_000 milliseconds) for Pro users and 1 hour (3_600_000 milliseconds) for Hobby users.
   *
   * @param timeoutMs timeout in **milliseconds**.
   * @param opts connection options.
   */
  async setTimeout(
    timeoutMs: number,
    opts?: Pick<SandboxOpts, 'requestTimeoutMs' | 'signal'>
  ) {
    if (this.connectionConfig.debug) {
      // Skip timeout in debug mode
      return
    }

    await SandboxApi.setTimeout(
      this.sandboxId,
      timeoutMs,
      this.resolveApiOpts(opts)
    )
  }

  /**
   * Update the network configuration of the sandbox.
   *
   * Replaces the current egress configuration atomically — fields that are
   * omitted are cleared on the server.
   *
   * @param network new network configuration.
   * @param opts connection options.
   */
  async updateNetwork(
    network: SandboxNetworkUpdate,
    opts?: Pick<SandboxOpts, 'requestTimeoutMs' | 'signal'>
  ) {
    await SandboxApi.updateNetwork(
      this.sandboxId,
      network,
      this.resolveApiOpts(opts)
    )
  }

  /**
   * Kill the sandbox.
   *
   * @param opts connection options.
   *
   * @returns `true` if the sandbox was killed, `false` if the sandbox was not found.
   */
  async kill(
    opts?: Pick<SandboxOpts, 'requestTimeoutMs' | 'signal'>
  ): Promise<boolean> {
    if (this.connectionConfig.debug) {
      // Skip killing the sandbox in debug mode
      return true
    }

    return await SandboxApi.kill(this.sandboxId, this.resolveApiOpts(opts))
  }

  /**
   * Pause a sandbox by its ID.
   *
   * @param opts connection options, plus `keepMemory` to control the snapshot
   * kind. When `opts.keepMemory` is `false`, the in-memory state is dropped and
   * only the filesystem is persisted (a filesystem-only snapshot); resuming such
   * a sandbox cold-boots (reboots) it from disk, losing running processes and
   * open connections. Defaults to `true` (full memory snapshot).
   *
   * @returns `true` if the sandbox got paused, `false` if the sandbox was already paused.
   *
   * @example
   * ```ts
   * const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()
   * await sandbox.pause()
   *
   * // filesystem-only snapshot (resume reboots the sandbox)
   * await sandbox.pause({ keepMemory: false })
   * ```
   */
  async pause(opts?: SandboxPauseOpts): Promise<boolean> {
    return await SandboxApi.pause(this.sandboxId, this.resolveApiOpts(opts))
  }

  /**
   * @deprecated Use {@link Sandbox.pause} instead.
   */
  async betaPause(opts?: SandboxPauseOpts): Promise<boolean> {
    return await SandboxApi.betaPause(this.sandboxId, this.resolveApiOpts(opts))
  }

  /**
   * Create a snapshot of the sandbox's current state.
   *
   * The sandbox will be paused while the snapshot is being created.
   * The snapshot can be used to create new sandboxes with the same filesystem and state.
   * Snapshots are persistent and survive sandbox deletion.
   *
   * Use the returned `snapshotId` with `Sandbox.create(snapshotId)` to create a new sandbox from the snapshot.
   *
   * @param opts snapshot creation options including optional name and connection options.
   *
   * @returns snapshot information including the snapshot ID.
   *
   * @example
   * ```ts
   * const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()
   * await sandbox.files.write('/app/state.json', '{"step": 1}')
   *
   * // Create a snapshot
   * const snapshot = await sandbox.createSnapshot({ name: 'my-snapshot' })
   *
   * // Create a new sandbox from the snapshot
   * const newSandbox = await Sandbox.create(snapshot.snapshotId)
   * ```
   */
  async createSnapshot(opts?: CreateSnapshotOpts): Promise<SnapshotInfo> {
    return await SandboxApi.createSnapshot(this.sandboxId, {
      ...this.resolveApiOpts(opts),
      name: opts?.name,
    })
  }

  /**
   * List all snapshots created from this sandbox.
   *
   * @param opts list options.
   *
   * @returns paginator for listing snapshots from this sandbox.
   */
  listSnapshots(opts?: Omit<SnapshotListOpts, 'sandboxId'>): SnapshotPaginator {
    return SandboxApi.listSnapshots({
      ...this.resolveApiOpts(opts),
      sandboxId: this.sandboxId,
    })
  }

  /**
   *
   * Get the MCP URL for the sandbox.
   *
   * @returns MCP URL for the sandbox.
   */
  getMcpUrl(): string {
    return `https://${this.getHost(this.mcpPort)}/mcp`
  }

  /**
   * Get the MCP token for the sandbox.
   *
   * @returns MCP token for the sandbox, or undefined if MCP is not enabled.
   */
  async getMcpToken(): Promise<string | undefined> {
    if (!this.mcpToken) {
      this.mcpToken = await this.files.read('/etc/mcp-gateway/.token', {
        user: 'root',
      })
    }

    return this.mcpToken
  }

  /**
   * Get the URL to upload a file to the sandbox.
   *
   * You have to send a POST request to this URL with the file as multipart/form-data.
   *
   * @param path path to the file in the sandbox.
   *
   * @param opts download url options.
   *
   * @returns URL for uploading file.
   */
  async uploadUrl(path?: string, opts?: SandboxUrlOpts) {
    opts = opts ?? {}

    const useSignature = !!this.envdAccessToken

    if (!useSignature && opts.useSignatureExpiration != undefined) {
      throw new InvalidArgumentError(
        'Signature expiration can be used only when sandbox is created as secured.'
      )
    }

    let username = opts.user
    if (
      username == undefined &&
      compareVersions(this.envdApi.version, ENVD_DEFAULT_USER) < 0
    ) {
      username = defaultUsername
    }

    const filePath = path ?? ''
    const fileUrl = this.fileUrl(filePath, username)

    if (useSignature) {
      const url = new URL(fileUrl)
      const sig = await getSignature({
        path: filePath,
        operation: 'write',
        user: username,
        expirationInSeconds: opts.useSignatureExpiration,
        envdAccessToken: this.envdAccessToken,
      })

      url.searchParams.set('signature', sig.signature)
      if (sig.expiration) {
        url.searchParams.set('signature_expiration', sig.expiration.toString())
      }

      return url.toString()
    }

    return fileUrl
  }

  /**
   * Get the URL to download a file from the sandbox.
   *
   * @param path path to the file in the sandbox.
   *
   * @param opts download url options.
   *
   * @returns URL for downloading file.
   */
  async downloadUrl(path: string, opts?: SandboxUrlOpts) {
    opts = opts ?? {}

    const useSignature = !!this.envdAccessToken

    if (!useSignature && opts.useSignatureExpiration != undefined) {
      throw new InvalidArgumentError(
        'Signature expiration can be used only when sandbox is created as secured.'
      )
    }

    let username = opts.user
    if (
      username == undefined &&
      compareVersions(this.envdApi.version, ENVD_DEFAULT_USER) < 0
    ) {
      username = defaultUsername
    }

    const fileUrl = this.fileUrl(path, username)

    if (useSignature) {
      const url = new URL(fileUrl)
      const sig = await getSignature({
        path,
        operation: 'read',
        user: username,
        expirationInSeconds: opts.useSignatureExpiration,
        envdAccessToken: this.envdAccessToken,
      })

      url.searchParams.set('signature', sig.signature)
      if (sig.expiration) {
        url.searchParams.set('signature_expiration', sig.expiration.toString())
      }

      return url.toString()
    }

    return fileUrl
  }

  /**
   * Get sandbox information like sandbox ID, template, metadata, started at/end at date.
   *
   * @param opts connection options.
   *
   * @returns information about the sandbox
   */
  async getInfo(opts?: Pick<SandboxOpts, 'requestTimeoutMs' | 'signal'>) {
    return await SandboxApi.getInfo(this.sandboxId, this.resolveApiOpts(opts))
  }

  /**
   * Get the metrics of the sandbox.
   *
   * @param opts connection options.
   *
   * @returns  List of sandbox metrics containing CPU, memory and disk usage information.
   */
  async getMetrics(opts?: SandboxMetricsOpts) {
    if (this.connectionConfig.debug) {
      // Skip getting the metrics in debug mode
      return []
    }

    if (this.envdApi.version) {
      if (compareVersions(this.envdApi.version, '0.1.5') < 0) {
        throw new TemplateError(
          'You need to update the template to use the new SDK.'
        )
      }

      if (compareVersions(this.envdApi.version, '0.2.4') < 0) {
        this.connectionConfig.logger?.warn?.(
          'Disk metrics are not supported in this version of the sandbox, please rebuild the template to get disk metrics.'
        )
      }
    }

    return await SandboxApi.getMetrics(
      this.sandboxId,
      this.resolveApiOpts(opts)
    )
  }

  private resolveApiOpts<T extends ConnectionOpts>(
    opts?: T
  ): ConnectionOpts & T {
    return {
      ...this.connectionConfig,
      ...(opts ?? {}),
    } as ConnectionOpts & T
  }

  private fileUrl(path: string | undefined, username: string | undefined) {
    const url = new URL('/files', this.envdDirectUrl)

    if (username) {
      url.searchParams.set('username', username)
    }
    if (path) {
      url.searchParams.set('path', path)
    }

    return url.toString()
  }
}
