{
  "meta": {
    "planId": "plan-1",
    "generatedAt": "2026-03-13T05:48:18.788Z",
    "version": "0.1-draft",
    "status": "draft"
  },
  "inputs": {
    "userGoal": "Provision an event-driven data processing pipeline using ACA with Pub/Sub integration, connect to Azure Event Grid, and output results to Cosmos DB.",
    "subGoals": [
      "Cost-optimized: user chose defaults — consumption/serverless tiers, minimal complexity",
      "Minimal complexity: single region (eastus), no VNet, no private endpoints",
      "Security baseline: managed identity for service-to-service auth, RBAC over keys, Key Vault for secrets"
    ]
  },
  "plan": {
    "resources": [
      {
        "name": "rg-datapipeline-dev-001",
        "type": "Microsoft.Resources/resourceGroups",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "N/A",
        "properties": {},
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "Logical container for all pipeline resources. Single resource group simplifies management for a cost-optimized, single-environment deployment.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "Multiple resource groups per service type"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Single resource group reduces governance granularity but simplifies RBAC and lifecycle management for a dev/default workload."
        },
        "dependencies": [],
        "dependencyReasoning": "No dependencies — resource group is the top-level container.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Resource group overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/manage-resource-groups-portal"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "log-datapipeline-dev-001",
        "type": "Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "PerGB2018",
        "properties": {
          "retentionInDays": 30,
          "publicNetworkAccessForIngestion": "Enabled",
          "publicNetworkAccessForQuery": "Enabled"
        },
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "Required by Container Apps Environment for log aggregation (WAF Operational Excellence). PerGB2018 is the recommended default pay-as-you-go tier. Provides centralized monitoring across all pipeline resources.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "Azure Monitor (no workspace) — insufficient for CAE requirement",
            "Free tier — 500 MB/day limit too restrictive"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Pay-as-you-go pricing; 30-day retention keeps costs minimal. Public network access enabled per cost-optimized sub-goal (no VNet)."
        },
        "dependencies": [
          "rg-datapipeline-dev-001"
        ],
        "dependencyReasoning": "Must be created inside the resource group before the Container Apps Environment references it.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Log Analytics overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/logs/log-analytics-overview"
          },
          {
            "title": "Bicep resource reference (2025-02-01)",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/templates/microsoft.operationalinsights/workspaces?pivots=deployment-language-bicep"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "id-datapipeline-dev-001",
        "type": "Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "N/A",
        "properties": {},
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "WAF Security pillar: managed identity for service-to-service auth eliminates credential management. Shared identity assigned to the Container App for accessing Event Grid (publish/subscribe) and Cosmos DB (data read/write). Best practices mandate managed identity over key-based auth.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "System-assigned managed identity per resource — harder to pre-assign RBAC roles in IaC",
            "Connection strings/keys — violates security best practices"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Single shared identity simplifies RBAC but provides less granular isolation than per-resource identities."
        },
        "dependencies": [
          "rg-datapipeline-dev-001"
        ],
        "dependencyReasoning": "Must exist before role assignments and before the Container App references it.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Managed identities overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/entra/identity/managed-identities-azure-resources/overview"
          },
          {
            "title": "Bicep resource reference (2024-11-30)",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/templates/microsoft.managedidentity/userassignedidentities?pivots=deployment-language-bicep"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "kv-datapipeline-dev-001",
        "type": "Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "standard",
        "properties": {
          "enableRbacAuthorization": true,
          "enableSoftDelete": true,
          "enablePurgeProtection": true,
          "softDeleteRetentionInDays": 90,
          "tenantId": "<tenant-id>",
          "sku": {
            "name": "standard",
            "family": "A"
          }
        },
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "WAF Security pillar: centralized secrets management for any connection strings, certificates, or API keys the pipeline may need. RBAC authorization preferred over access policies per best practices. Soft delete and purge protection enabled per WAF checklist.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "No Key Vault, rely solely on managed identity — insufficient if any third-party secrets are needed",
            "Premium SKU with HSM — overkill for cost-optimized defaults"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Standard SKU provides software-protected keys which is sufficient for non-HSM workloads. Purge protection prevents accidental permanent deletion but makes cleanup harder during dev."
        },
        "dependencies": [
          "rg-datapipeline-dev-001",
          "id-datapipeline-dev-001"
        ],
        "dependencyReasoning": "Needs resource group. Managed identity referenced for RBAC role assignments on the vault.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Key Vault overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/key-vault/general/overview"
          },
          {
            "title": "Bicep resource reference (2024-11-01)",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/templates/microsoft.keyvault/vaults?pivots=deployment-language-bicep"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "cae-datapipeline-dev-001",
        "type": "Microsoft.App/managedEnvironments",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "Consumption",
        "properties": {
          "appLogsConfiguration": {
            "destination": "log-analytics",
            "logAnalyticsConfiguration": {
              "customerId": "<customer-id>",
              "sharedKey": "<shared-key>"
            }
          },
          "workloadProfiles": [
            {
              "workloadProfileType": "Consumption",
              "name": "Consumption"
            }
          ],
          "zoneRedundant": false,
          "peerAuthentication": {
            "mtls": {
              "enabled": true
            }
          }
        },
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "Required hosting environment for Container Apps. Consumption workload profile provides serverless auto-scaling (including scale-to-zero) aligned with cost-optimized defaults. Dapr integration for pub/sub is configured at the environment level. mTLS enabled for service-to-service security per WAF guidance.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "Dedicated workload profiles (D4/E4) — unnecessary cost for defaults",
            "AKS — more operational overhead, overkill for this workload",
            "Azure Functions — less flexible for custom container workloads"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Consumption-only environment lacks UDR support, NAT Gateway egress, and private endpoints. Zone redundancy disabled to minimize cost. These are acceptable per cost-optimized sub-goal."
        },
        "dependencies": [
          "rg-datapipeline-dev-001",
          "log-datapipeline-dev-001"
        ],
        "dependencyReasoning": "Log Analytics workspace must exist first — environment requires customerId and sharedKey for log aggregation.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Container Apps environments overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/container-apps/environment"
          },
          {
            "title": "Bicep resource reference (2025-01-01)",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/templates/microsoft.app/managedenvironments?pivots=deployment-language-bicep"
          },
          {
            "title": "Workload profiles overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/container-apps/workload-profiles-overview"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "evgt-datapipeline-dev-001",
        "type": "Microsoft.EventGrid/topics",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "Basic",
        "properties": {
          "inputSchema": "CloudEventSchemaV1_0",
          "publicNetworkAccess": "Enabled",
          "disableLocalAuth": true,
          "identity": {
            "type": "SystemAssigned"
          }
        },
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "Azure Event Grid provides serverless event routing with native CloudEvents support, ideal for the event-driven pipeline. Basic SKU sufficient for standard event routing without private endpoints. CloudEvents v1.0 schema chosen for interoperability with Dapr pub/sub. Local auth disabled per WAF Security hardening — managed identity used instead.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "Event Hubs — higher throughput but more complex and costly for event routing",
            "Service Bus — better for ordered/transactional messaging, overkill for event-driven pipeline",
            "Premium SKU — adds private endpoints, unnecessary per cost-optimized sub-goal"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Basic SKU lacks private endpoint support. Public network access enabled per cost-optimized sub-goal. System-assigned identity used for dead-letter and delivery authentication."
        },
        "dependencies": [
          "rg-datapipeline-dev-001"
        ],
        "dependencyReasoning": "Only requires the resource group. Event subscription to the Container App is configured after both resources exist.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Event Grid overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/event-grid/overview"
          },
          {
            "title": "Bicep resource reference (2025-02-15)",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/templates/microsoft.eventgrid/topics?pivots=deployment-language-bicep"
          },
          {
            "title": "Event Grid security and authentication",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/event-grid/security-authentication"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "cosmos-datapipeline-dev-001",
        "type": "Microsoft.DocumentDB/databaseAccounts",
        "subtype": "NoSQL (SQL API)",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "Serverless",
        "properties": {
          "kind": "GlobalDocumentDB",
          "databaseAccountOfferType": "Standard",
          "capabilities": [
            {
              "name": "EnableServerless"
            }
          ],
          "consistencyPolicy": {
            "defaultConsistencyLevel": "Session"
          },
          "locations": [
            {
              "locationName": "eastus",
              "failoverPriority": 0,
              "isZoneRedundant": false
            }
          ],
          "enableAutomaticFailover": false,
          "enableMultipleWriteLocations": false,
          "publicNetworkAccess": "Enabled",
          "disableLocalAuth": true
        },
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "Cosmos DB NoSQL API with Serverless capacity mode is ideal for event-driven workloads with variable/unpredictable traffic — pay only per RU consumed with no minimum throughput. Session consistency balances performance and correctness. Local auth disabled per WAF Security — RBAC with managed identity used for data plane access.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "Provisioned throughput (autoscale) — unnecessary cost for defaults/dev workload",
            "Azure SQL — relational model less suited for flexible event data schemas",
            "Azure Table Storage — limited query capabilities compared to Cosmos DB"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Serverless is single-region only, no multi-region writes, no shared-throughput databases. No zone redundancy. Acceptable for cost-optimized defaults. Public network access enabled (no VNet per sub-goal)."
        },
        "dependencies": [
          "rg-datapipeline-dev-001"
        ],
        "dependencyReasoning": "Only requires the resource group. The Container App will reference the Cosmos DB endpoint via managed identity.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Cosmos DB overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db/introduction"
          },
          {
            "title": "Bicep resource reference (2025-04-15)",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/templates/microsoft.documentdb/databaseaccounts?pivots=deployment-language-bicep"
          },
          {
            "title": "Serverless capacity mode",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db/serverless"
          },
          {
            "title": "Consistency levels",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db/consistency-levels"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "cosmos-datapipeline-dev-001/pipeline-db",
        "type": "Microsoft.DocumentDB/databaseAccounts/sqlDatabases",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "N/A",
        "properties": {
          "resource": {
            "id": "pipeline-db"
          }
        },
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "SQL Database container for the NoSQL API. Required parent resource for Cosmos DB containers that store pipeline output data.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "MongoDB API database — SQL/NoSQL API is simpler and more widely supported"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Serverless accounts do not support shared-throughput databases — throughput is per-container only."
        },
        "dependencies": [
          "cosmos-datapipeline-dev-001"
        ],
        "dependencyReasoning": "Child resource — Cosmos DB account must exist first.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Cosmos DB SQL databases",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db/nosql/how-to-create-database"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "cosmos-datapipeline-dev-001/pipeline-db/processed-events",
        "type": "Microsoft.DocumentDB/databaseAccounts/sqlDatabases/containers",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "N/A",
        "properties": {
          "resource": {
            "id": "processed-events",
            "partitionKey": {
              "paths": [
                "/partitionKey"
              ],
              "kind": "Hash",
              "version": 2
            }
          }
        },
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "Container to store processed event results from the data pipeline. Partition key on /partitionKey allows flexible partitioning strategy. Hash v2 provides better distribution.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "Multiple containers per event type — premature optimization for defaults"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Single container with generic partition key; production workloads should optimize partition key based on actual query patterns."
        },
        "dependencies": [
          "cosmos-datapipeline-dev-001/pipeline-db"
        ],
        "dependencyReasoning": "Child resource — SQL Database must exist first.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Cosmos DB containers",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db/nosql/how-to-create-container"
          },
          {
            "title": "Partitioning overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db/partitioning-overview"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "ca-processor-dev-001",
        "type": "Microsoft.App/containerApps",
        "location": "eastus",
        "sku": "Consumption",
        "properties": {
          "environmentId": "<environment-resource-id>",
          "identity": {
            "type": "UserAssigned",
            "userAssignedIdentities": {
              "<managed-identity-resource-id>": {}
            }
          },
          "configuration": {
            "dapr": {
              "enabled": true,
              "appId": "processor",
              "appPort": 8080,
              "appProtocol": "http"
            },
            "ingress": {
              "external": false,
              "targetPort": 8080,
              "transport": "auto"
            },
            "activeRevisionsMode": "Single",
            "secrets": []
          },
          "template": {
            "containers": [
              {
                "name": "processor",
                "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/k8se/quickstart:latest",
                "resources": {
                  "cpu": 0.5,
                  "memory": "1Gi"
                }
              }
            ],
            "scale": {
              "minReplicas": 0,
              "maxReplicas": 10
            }
          }
        },
        "reasoning": {
          "whyChosen": "Container App hosts the data processing workload. Dapr sidecar enabled for pub/sub integration with Event Grid — Dapr abstracts messaging infrastructure. Scale-to-zero with max 10 replicas provides cost-efficient auto-scaling for event-driven processing. 0.5 CPU / 1Gi memory is a valid consumption-tier combination. Internal ingress only (no public access) since events arrive via Dapr/Event Grid subscription. User-assigned managed identity for Cosmos DB and Event Grid access.",
          "alternativesConsidered": [
            "Azure Functions with Event Grid trigger — less flexible for custom containers",
            "AKS pod — more operational overhead",
            "Multiple Container Apps per processing stage — premature for defaults"
          ],
          "tradeoffs": "Placeholder quickstart image — must be replaced with actual processing container. Scale-to-zero means cold start latency on first event. Single revision mode simplifies management but prevents blue-green deployments."
        },
        "dependencies": [
          "cae-datapipeline-dev-001",
          "id-datapipeline-dev-001",
          "evgt-datapipeline-dev-001",
          "cosmos-datapipeline-dev-001"
        ],
        "dependencyReasoning": "Requires environment (hosting), managed identity (auth), Event Grid topic (event source), and Cosmos DB account (output destination) to be provisioned first.",
        "references": [
          {
            "title": "Container Apps overview",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/container-apps/overview"
          },
          {
            "title": "Bicep resource reference (2025-01-01)",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/templates/microsoft.app/containerapps?pivots=deployment-language-bicep"
          },
          {
            "title": "Dapr integration in Container Apps",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/container-apps/dapr-overview"
          },
          {
            "title": "Container Apps scaling",
            "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/container-apps/scale-app"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "overallReasoning": {
      "summary": "This plan provisions a serverless, event-driven data processing pipeline on Azure Container Apps. Events are published to an Event Grid Topic (CloudEvents schema), routed via Dapr pub/sub to a Container App processor, and results are written to Cosmos DB (Serverless, NoSQL API). The architecture uses Consumption-tier compute, serverless database, and Basic event routing to minimize cost. A user-assigned managed identity provides secure, keyless service-to-service authentication. Log Analytics provides centralized monitoring, and Key Vault is included for any secrets management needs.",
      "tradeoffs": "Cost-optimized defaults omit: VNet/private endpoints (public network access on all resources), zone redundancy, multi-region failover, and dedicated workload profiles. These should be addressed when moving to production. Serverless Cosmos DB is single-region only. Basic Event Grid SKU lacks private endpoints. No Application Insights component is included — add for production observability. Placeholder container image must be replaced with actual processing logic."
    },
    "validation": "All resources deploy to eastus in a single resource group. Container Apps Environment requires Log Analytics (dependency ordered). Container App references the environment, managed identity, and connects to Event Grid and Cosmos DB via Dapr/SDK using managed identity RBAC. Cosmos DB serverless is single-region with Session consistency (no conflict with multi-region constraints). Event Grid Basic SKU with CloudEvents schema is compatible with Dapr pub/sub. CPU/memory combination (0.5/1Gi) is valid for Consumption tier. No subnet delegation conflicts (no VNet). Key Vault has soft delete and purge protection enabled per WAF requirements.",
    "architecturePrinciples": [
      "Event-driven: loosely coupled components communicating via Event Grid and Dapr pub/sub",
      "Serverless-first: Consumption-tier Container Apps and Serverless Cosmos DB for cost efficiency",
      "Secure by default: managed identity, RBAC, local auth disabled, mTLS between services",
      "Observable: centralized logging via Log Analytics with Container Apps Environment integration",
      "Infrastructure as Code: all resources defined declaratively for reproducible deployments"
    ],
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Event-driven architecture on Azure",
        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/architecture/guide/architecture-styles/event-driven"
      },
      {
        "title": "Container Apps with Dapr",
        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/container-apps/dapr-overview"
      },
      {
        "title": "Azure Well-Architected Framework",
        "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/well-architected/"
      }
    ]
  }
}
