# Accessibility Design (ADA/FHA)

## Accessible Routes

### Clear Width
| Element | Minimum |
|---------|---------|
| Walking surface | 36" |
| Passing space | 60" × 60" (every 200') |
| U-turn around obstruction | 42" min each side |
| Doorway | 32" clear |
| Corridor | 36" (44" preferred) |

### Clear Floor Space
| Type | Dimensions |
|------|------------|
| Forward approach | 30" × 48" |
| Parallel approach | 30" × 48" |
| Wheelchair turning | 60" diameter circle |
| T-shaped turning | 60" × 60" T |

### Protruding Objects
| Condition | Requirement |
|-----------|-------------|
| Wall-mounted (27"-80" AFF) | 4" max projection |
| Post-mounted (27"-80" AFF) | 12" max projection |
| Objects below 27" | Detectable (cane) |
| Overhead clearance | 80" minimum |

### Ground and Floor Surfaces
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Slip resistance | Stable, firm |
| Carpet pile | 1/2" max |
| Carpet pad | Firm |
| Changes in level | 1/4" max vertical |
| Beveled changes | 1/4"-1/2" at 1:2 slope |
| Gratings | 1/2" max openings |

---

## Ramps

### Slope Requirements
| Ramp Type | Maximum Slope |
|-----------|---------------|
| New construction | 1:12 (8.33%) |
| Existing (rise < 3") | 1:8 |
| Existing (rise 3"-6") | 1:10 |
| Cross slope | 1:48 (2%) max |
| Curb ramp | 1:12 |

### Dimensions
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Width | 36" clear minimum |
| Rise per run | 30" maximum |
| Landing length | 60" minimum |
| Landing width | At least ramp width |

### Handrails
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Required when | Rise > 6" |
| Height | 34"-38" |
| Clearance from wall | 1-1/2" |
| Top extension | 12" horizontal |
| Bottom extension | 12" + ramp slope |
| Graspability | 1-1/4" to 2" diameter |

### Edge Protection
| Type | Requirement |
|------|-------------|
| Curb | 4" minimum height |
| Rail | Extended to floor |
| Wall | At ramp edge |
| Required when | Drop-off > 4" |

---

## Stairs (Accessible Features)

### Dimensional Requirements
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Riser height | 4"-7" |
| Riser uniformity | 3/8" max variation |
| Tread depth | 11" minimum |
| Tread uniformity | 3/8" max variation |
| Nosing | No abrupt undersides |
| Nosing radius | 1/2" max |

### Handrails
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Height | 34"-38" |
| Required | Both sides |
| Top extension | 12" horizontal |
| Bottom extension | Tread depth + 12" |
| Graspability | 1-1/4" to 2" diameter |
| Continuous | Full length of flight |
| Wall clearance | 1-1/2" |

---

## Doors

### Clear Width
| Condition | Minimum |
|-----------|---------|
| Standard door | 32" clear |
| Pairs of doors | 32" clear (one leaf) |
| Revolving/turnstile | Adjacent accessible |

### Maneuvering Clearance
| Approach | Door Side | Clearance |
|----------|-----------|-----------|
| Front (pull) | Latch | 18" |
| Front (push) | Latch | 12" |
| Latch (pull) | Latch | 24" |
| Latch (push) | Latch | 24" |
| Hinge (pull) | - | 36" |
| Hinge (push) | - | 22" |

### Thresholds
| Type | Height |
|------|--------|
| Maximum | 1/2" |
| Beveled (> 1/4") | 1:2 slope |
| Exterior | 3/4" max (sliding) |

### Hardware
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Height | 34"-48" AFF |
| Operation | One hand, no grasp/twist |
| Force | 5 lbs maximum to open |
| Closing speed | 5 sec min to latch |

---

## Elevators

### Hall Requirements
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Call button height | 42" max AFF |
| Call button size | 3/4" minimum |
| Hall lantern | Visible + audible |
| Car position indicator | Required |

### Cab Requirements
| Feature | Minimum |
|---------|---------|
| Inside dimensions | 54" deep × 36" wide |
| Floor area | 15 SF minimum |
| Door width | 36" |
| Door timing | 3 sec + 1 sec/ft to call |

### Controls
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Height | 35"-48" AFF |
| Emergency | 35" min AFF |
| Buttons | 3/4" min, tactile |
| Braille | Adjacent to buttons |
| Visual indicators | At each floor |

### Platform Lifts (LULA)
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Platform size | 36" × 48" minimum |
| Rise | 25' maximum |
| Speed | 30 fpm maximum |

---

## Toilet Rooms

### Water Closet Clearance
| Feature | Dimension |
|---------|-----------|
| Side wall to centerline | 16"-18" |
| Clear floor | 60" × 56" min |
| Height | 17"-19" (top of seat) |
| Flush control | Open side |

### Grab Bars
| Bar | Location |
|-----|----------|
| Side wall | 42" long, 12" from rear |
| Rear wall | 36" long (min) |
| Height | 33"-36" AFF |
| Diameter | 1-1/4" to 2" |
| Wall clearance | 1-1/2" |

### Lavatory
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Rim height | 34" max |
| Knee clearance | 27" high, 30" wide, 11"-25" deep |
| Toe clearance | 9" high, 17"-25" deep |
| Pipe protection | Insulated or covered |
| Faucet | Lever, push, or sensor |

### Accessories
| Item | Height |
|------|--------|
| Mirror (bottom) | 40" max AFF |
| Soap dispenser | 40" max AFF |
| Paper towel | 40" max AFF |
| Coat hook | 48" max AFF |
| Toilet paper | 7"-9" from front of WC |

### Toilet Compartments
| Type | Width | Depth |
|------|-------|-------|
| Standard accessible | 60" | 59" (wall) or 56" (floor) |
| Ambulatory | 35"-37" | 60" |
| Door | 32" clear, out-swing |

---

## Bathing Facilities

### Roll-In Shower
| Feature | Dimension |
|---------|-----------|
| Size | 30" × 60" or 36" × 60" |
| Seat | Folding, 16"-18" deep |
| Controls | On back wall |
| Spray unit | Hand-held |
| Threshold | 1/2" max |

### Transfer Shower
| Feature | Dimension |
|---------|-----------|
| Size | 36" × 36" |
| Seat | Fixed or folding |
| Controls | On side wall |
| Clear floor | 36" × 48" adjacent |

### Bathtub
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Clear floor | 30" × 60" parallel |
| Seat | Permanent or removable |
| Grab bars | Two walls |
| Controls | Offset from center |

### Grab Bars (Shower)
| Location | Requirement |
|----------|-------------|
| Back wall | Full width |
| Side wall(s) | 18"-42" from seat |
| Height | 33"-36" AFF |

---

## Signage

### Tactile Signs
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Required locations | Permanent rooms |
| Character height | 5/8" to 2" |
| Character type | Sans serif |
| Raised | 1/32" minimum |
| Braille | Grade 2, below text |
| Mounting height | 48"-60" AFF (baseline) |
| Location | Latch side, 18" from frame |

### Visual Signs
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Contrast | 70% (light/dark) |
| Character height | Based on viewing distance |
| Overhead | 3" min for 10' distance |
| Finish | Non-glare |

### Pictograms
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Field height | 6" minimum |
| Verbal description | Below symbol |
| International symbols | At accessible features |

---

## Parking

### Number Required
| Total Spaces | Accessible |
|--------------|------------|
| 1-25 | 1 |
| 26-50 | 2 |
| 51-75 | 3 |
| 76-100 | 4 |
| 101-150 | 5 |
| 151-200 | 6 |
| 201-300 | 7 |
| 301-400 | 8 |
| 401-500 | 9 |
| 501-1000 | 2% |
| > 1000 | 20 + 1 per 100 |

### Van Spaces
| Requirement | Ratio |
|-------------|-------|
| Van spaces | 1 per 6 accessible |
| Minimum | 1 per facility |

### Dimensions
| Feature | Car | Van |
|---------|-----|-----|
| Space width | 8' | 8' |
| Access aisle | 5' | 8' (5' if share) |
| Vertical clearance | 98" (route) | 98" (route) |

### Location
| Requirement | Description |
|-------------|-------------|
| Proximity | Shortest route to entrance |
| Slope | 2% max in any direction |
| Surface | Stable, firm, slip-resistant |

---

## Transient Lodging

### Accessible Rooms Required
| Total Rooms | Accessible |
|-------------|------------|
| 1-25 | 1 |
| 26-50 | 2 |
| 51-75 | 4 |
| 76-100 | 5 |
| 101-150 | 7 |
| 151-200 | 8 |
| 201-300 | 10 |
| 301-400 | 12 |
| 401-500 | 13 |

### Communication Features
| Total Rooms | Comm Features |
|-------------|---------------|
| 1-25 | 2 |
| 26-50 | 4 |
| 51-75 | 7 |
| (and so on) | Per ADA table |

### Room Features
| Feature | Requirement |
|---------|-------------|
| Door clearance | Per maneuvering |
| Clear floor | 36" around bed |
| Closet | 54" max rod height |
| Controls | 48" max AFF |
| Peephole | Two heights |

---

## Fair Housing Act

### Covered Dwellings
| Building Type | Requirements |
|---------------|--------------|
| 4+ units, elevator | All units |
| 4+ units, no elevator | Ground floor only |
| First occupancy | After March 13, 1991 |

### Seven Design Requirements
1. Accessible building entrance
2. Accessible common areas
3. Usable doors (32" clear)
4. Accessible route into/through unit
5. Light switches, outlets at accessible heights
6. Reinforced bathroom walls for grab bars
7. Usable kitchens and bathrooms

### Kitchen/Bath Clear Floor
| Layout | Clearance |
|--------|-----------|
| U-shaped kitchen | 60" between counters |
| Galley kitchen | 40" between counters |
| Bathroom | 30" × 48" at fixtures |
