# Threat Landscape Document

This document describes the threat environment relevant to the organization.

## Threat Actor Analysis

### Primary Threat Actors

#### Cybercriminals (Ransomware/Financially Motivated)

**Motivation**: Financial gain through ransomware, data theft, fraud

**Target Profile**:

- Companies with reliable revenue (subscription-based)
- Potential for business disruption
- Sensitive customer data valuable for extortion
- Smaller companies seen as easier targets

**Attack Vectors**:

- Phishing campaigns targeting employees
- Exploitation of publicly-facing vulnerabilities
- Compromised credentials from data breaches
- Supply chain attacks

**Likelihood**: High - active targeting of SaaS companies

#### Insider Threats (Current/Former Employees)

**Motivation**: Malicious (data theft, revenge) or Negligent (mistakes)

**Risk Factors**:

- Remote work environment
- Limited monitoring
- Departure process not formalized
- Access not always revoked promptly

**Attack Vectors**:

- Data exfiltration via personal accounts
- Malicious code injection
- Credential sharing
- Privilege abuse

**Likelihood**: Medium - moderate risk from negligence

#### Nation-State Actors (Targeted Attacks)

**Motivation**: Intelligence gathering, intellectual property

**Target Profile**:

- Technology companies with proprietary code
- Companies with government or defense customers
- Potential supply chain targets

**Attack Vectors**:

- Sophisticated phishing
- Zero-day exploitation
- Supply chain compromise
- Insider recruitment

**Likelihood**: Low - not a primary target, but possible

#### Hacktivists

**Motivation**: Ideological reasons, publicity

**Target Profile**:

- Companies with public visibility
- Those with controversial practices

**Attack Vectors**:

- Website defacement
- DDoS attacks
- Data leaks

**Likelihood**: Very Low - low public profile

### Attack Vector Analysis

#### High-Risk Vectors

**Phishing/Social Engineering**

- Primary vector for initial access
- Increasingly sophisticated attacks
- Remote work increases vulnerability
- No email security filtering currently
- Limited user awareness training

**Credential Compromise**

- Password reuse common risk
- No MFA enforcement currently
- VPN uses basic authentication
- Limited monitoring for compromised credentials

**Software Vulnerabilities**

- Web application vulnerabilities
- Outdated dependencies risk
- CI/CD pipeline security gaps
- Container/image security

#### Medium-Risk Vectors

**Insider Threats**

- Remote work environment
- Access management gaps
- Limited user activity monitoring

**Supply Chain**

- Third-party service providers
- Open source dependencies
- Cloud infrastructure dependencies

#### Low-Risk Vectors

**Physical Security**

- No physical office
- Remote-first workforce
- BYOD for some employees

**DDoS**

- AWS provides baseline protection
- No history of attacks
- Low business impact for short outages

## Industry-Specific Threats

### SaaS/Technology Sector

**Common Attacks**:

- Account takeover (ATO)
- API abuse
- Customer data theft
- Ransomware (increasing in tech sector)

**Regulatory Focus**:

- Data protection (state laws, GDPR)
- Industry standards (SOC 2, ISO 27001)
- Contractual security requirements

### Emerging Threats (2024-2025)

**AI-Powered Attacks**:

- Sophisticated phishing with AI
- Automated vulnerability scanning
- Deepfake social engineering

**Cloud Misconfiguration**:

- AWS security remains a top risk
- Container/orchestration security
- API exposure issues

## Threat Intelligence Sources

### Relevant Sources

- CISA Alerts and Advisories
- AWS Security Bulletins
- Industry ISACs (Tech sector)
- Open source threat intelligence
- Vendor security reports

### Recommended Monitoring

- CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
- AWS GuardDuty alerts
- GitHub Security Advisories
- NIST CVE database

## Current Threat Mitigations

### Strengths to Leverage

- AWS infrastructure security controls
- VPN requirement for access
- Password manager adoption
- Regular backups

### Critical Gaps

- No email security filtering
- No MFA enforcement
- Limited endpoint detection
- No formal security monitoring
- Weak access management

## Risk Assessment Summary

| Threat Category             | Likelihood | Impact   | Risk Score |
| --------------------------- | ---------- | -------- | ---------- |
| Phishing/Social Engineering | High       | High     | Critical   |
| Ransomware                  | Medium     | Critical | Critical   |
| Credential Theft            | High       | High     | Critical   |
| Insider Threat              | Medium     | Medium   | Medium     |
| Software Vulnerabilities    | Medium     | High     | High       |
| Supply Chain                | Low-Medium | Medium   | Medium     |
| Nation-State                | Low        | High     | Medium     |
| DDoS                        | Low        | Low      | Low        |

## Recommended Monitoring Priorities

1. Credential compromise indicators
2. Phishing attempts (reported by employees) 3.异常登录模式
3. API abuse patterns
4. Dependency vulnerability announcements
