Enrichment Review — 1 LLM-Assisted Result

Query: objectNumber=BK-1964-5. Generated 2026-03-28.

About this page

Some provenance records in these results were enriched or classified by an LLM (large language model) because the provenance parser could not resolve them from text alone. Each enrichment below shows the method used and the LLM's reasoning for its decision. Methods include type/category classification, party disambiguation, validated deterministic rules, and structural corrections (location fixes, phantom event removal, event splitting).

These classifications are automated and have not been individually verified or endorsed by the Rijksmuseum. The reasoning is provided for transparency so you can assess the quality of each decision.

Task description

The provenance parser automatically extracts structured ownership events from free-text provenance records written in the AAM (American Alliance of Museums) standard. It uses rule-based pattern matching to identify transfer types, parties, dates, locations, and prices. When the rules cannot resolve an event — for example, a bare name with no transfer keyword, or a merged party text that needs decomposition — an LLM (large language model) is used with art-historical domain context to make the classification. Every LLM decision is recorded with its method and reasoning for full traceability.

Distribution

Total events: 11 Deterministic: 11 LLM events: 0 LLM parties: 1 Artworks: 1
LLM classified 1

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BK-1964-5

BK-1964-5 — Zeven borden uit het servies van stadhouder Willem v

Meissener Porzellan Manufaktur
Provenance chain (LLM-enriched events highlighted)
  • 1. [gift] donated to Willem V of Orange, Stadhouder of the United Provinces
  • 2. [collection] collection William Beckford (1760-1844), Fonthill Abbey
  • 3. [sale] 1823 {Den Blaauwen 2000, p.344.} sale, Mr Phillips at the Abbey, 1 October 1823, no. 7625-5
  • 4. [collection] collection F. Hodges
  • 5. [sale] 1868 {Den Blaauwen 2000, p.344.} his sale, London (Christie’s), 12 December 1868, no. 564-638
  • 6. [collection] 1934 collection Herbert M. Gutmann (1879-1942), Berlin, before 1934
  • 7. [sale] 1934 {According to the catalogue for his sale.} his forced sale, Berlin (Paul Graupe), 12 (13) April 1934 sqq., no. 357, DM 790 (for the complete lot with 24 plates in total)
  • 8. [sale] 1962 {Copy RMA} anonymous sale, Stuttgart (F. Nagel), 12 October 1962, no. 85
  • 9. [sale] 1964 from the dealer A. van der Meer, Amsterdam, fl. 1,500, to the museum, 1964
  • 10. [restitution] 2024 restituted to the Gutmann family, 2024
  • 11. [sale] 2024 {Website Dutch Restitution Committee, RC. 1.157} from whom to the museum, 2024
Enrichments (0 events, 1 party)
10 of 11 resolved deterministically, 1 with LLM enrichment
LLM classified Event 7, "his forced sale" → unknown
'his forced sale' is an anaphoric reference where 'his' refers back to Herbert M. Gutmann from the previous event. In AAM convention, 'his sale' means the previous owner (Gutmann) is consigning the artwork - making him the sender in this forced sale event.
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