# Material Vocabulary

735 distinct materials across ~1.2 million mappings. The `#` column shows the number of artworks linked to each material. The table below lists a representative subset; the full set is searchable via the vocabulary database.

**Usage:** `search_artwork` with `material: "canvas"`, `material: "oil paint"`, etc. Terms resolve to [Getty AAT](https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/) equivalents where available.

| Material | # | Material | # | Material | # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman Padauk | 1 | felt (textile) | 159 | piqué | 38 |
| Bakelite (TM) | 16 | fiber | 9 | pitch (tar) | 5 |
| Carrara marble | 1 | fiberboard | 3 | plant material | 33 |
| China paper | 182 | filmstrip | 8 | plaster | 2 |
| English pewter | 1 | fir (wood) | 1 | plastic (organic material) | 598 |
| German silver | 38 | flannel | 29 | platinum (metal) | 13 |
| India ink (ink) | 4,745 | flint (rock) | 63 | plum (wood) | 1 |
| Japanese paper | 723 | flower (plant material) | 26 | plush | 62 |
| Japanese paper (handmade paper) | 2,782 | foam rubber | 7 | plywood | 68 |
| Perspex (TM) | 79 | freshwater pearl | 5 | polyester | 80 |
| Plexiglas (TM) | 24 | fruitwood | 27 | polyethylene | 2 |
| RC paper | 3,066 | fuel | 2 | polypropylene | 1 |
| Russia leather | 2 | fustian | 1 | polystyrene | 5 |
| acacia (wood) | 3 | galloon | 12 | polyurethane | 9 |
| acrylic (plastic) | 42 | garnet (mineral) | 15 | poplar (wood) | 56 |
| acrylic paint | 124 | gauze | 14 | porcelain | 8,958 |
| agate (chalcedony) | 47 | gesso | 9 | poster paint | 167 |
| agate glass | 1 | gilding (material) | 1,320 | precious stone (material) | 45 |
| alabaster (mineral) | 59 | glass | ~10,000 | prepared paper | 821 |
| alcohol (general) | 1 | glassine | 124 | pressure-sensitive tape | 369 |
| alder (wood) | 2 | glaze | 7,164 | printing ink | 5,210 |
| alloy | 86 | glitter | 16 | purpleheart (wood) | 59 |
| almandine | 4 | glue | 95 | putty (sealing compound) | 7 |
| alum | 1 | goat hair | 6 | quartz (mineral) | 11 |
| aluminum (metal) | 304 | goatskin | 43 | raffia (fiber) | 14 |
| aluminum paper | 4 | gold (metal) | 5,067 | rattan | 65 |
| amalgam | 94 | gold leaf | 977 | rayon | 75 |
| amber (fossil resin) | 15 | gouache (paint) | 1,795 | red coral (material) | 32 |
| amethyst (mineral) | 41 | gourd | 1 | red gold | 4 |
| andesite | 29 | granite (rock) | 25 | resin (organic material) | 3 |
| angora wool | 1 | graph paper | 5 | rhodonite | 1 |
| aniline dye | 1 | graphite (mineral) | 1,466 | rice paper (paper) | 21 |
| aniline ink | 5 | ground glass | 1 | roll film | 535 |
| antimony | 4 | gum (material) | 23 | rope | 654 |
| antler (material) | 4 | gypsum | 233 | rose quartz | 1 |
| aquamarine (mineral) | 5 | hackia | 9 | rosewood (wood) | 353 |
| artificial stone | 1 | hardboard | 80 | rubber (material) | 53 |
| asbestos | 11 | hardwood | 17 | ruby (mineral) | 84 |
| asbestos-cement | 5 | holly (wood) | 11 | sailcloth | 17 |
| ash (wood) | 25 | holystone | 2 | salt glaze | 32 |
| ashlar brick | 25 | hoof (material) | 1 | sand | 15 |
| asphalt (bituminous material) | 3 | horn (animal material) | 211 | sandstone | 193 |
| aventurine glass | 3 | horsehair | 46 | sappanwood (wood) | 4 |
| azurite | 1 | human hair | 16 | sapphire (mineral) | 30 |
| baleen | 34 | imitation fur | 2 | satin | 483 |
| ball-point pen | 409 | imitation leather | 166 | satinwood (wood) | 80 |
| bamboo | 59 | imitation pearl | 6 | sawdust | 3 |
| bark (plant material) | 4 | imitation tortoise shell | 8 | scarab | 1 |
| baryta paper | ~29,000 | ink | ~50,000 | sealing wax | 51 |
| batiste | 338 | iron (metal) | 3,959 | sealskin | 11 |
| beech (wood) | 247 | ironwood | 23 | sepia (ink) | 30 |
| beryl | 2 | ivory | 1,142 | serge | 4 |
| birch (wood) | 9 | jade (rock) | 34 | serpentine (mineral) | 15 |
| biscuit (porcelain, material) | 39 | jasper | 15 | shagreen (leather) | 5 |
| bister (pigment) | 3 | jet (coal) | 33 | sharkskin | 8 |
| blotting paper | 245 | juniper (wood) | 1 | shell white (pigment) | 1 |
| bole (clay) | 6 | kingwood (wood) | 20 | shellac | 13 |
| bone (material) | 355 | labradorite | 1 | silicone | 3 |
| bone china (material) | 436 | laburnum (wood) | 1 | silk | 5,384 |
| bone glue | 1 | lacquer (coating) | 812 | silver (metal) | ~11,000 |
| boxwood | 201 | lampas (textile material) | 30 | silver amalgam | 1 |
| boxwood (hardwood) | 128 | lamé (textile) | 2 | silver leaf | 35 |
| brass (alloy) | 3,787 | lapis lazuli (rock) | 13 | silver stain | 174 |
| brick (clay product) | 84 | latex paint | 3 | silver thread | 336 |
| bristol board | 6 | lead (metal) | 1,560 | skin (collagenous material) | 27 |
| brocade (textile) | 80 | lead glass | 4 | slag | 7 |
| brocatelle | 32 | lead glaze | 458 | slate (rock) | 28 |
| bronze (metal) | 3,899 | lead white | 20 | smoky quartz | 1 |
| bronze paint | 18 | leaf (metal) | 14 | snakeskin | 13 |
| bronze powder | 6 | leather | 3,116 | soapstone (metamorphic rock) | 14 |
| buckram | 56 | lenyard | 58 | sodalite | 1 |
| buckskin | 2 | limestone | 29 | soft board | 4 |
| calcium oxide | 8 | linden | 220 | soft-paste porcelain | 92 |
| calf (leather) | 124 | linen (material) | ~10,000 | softwood | 94 |
| calico | 18 | linoleum | 27 | sponge | 1 |
| camlet | 3 | loam | 17 | spruce (wood) | 84 |
| canvas | 2,680 | locust | 3 | stain (coating) | 57 |
| carbon | 1 | looking glasses | 131 | stainless steel | 7 |
| cardboard | ~89,000 | luminous paint | 4 | starch | 3 |
| carnelian | 25 | luster (textile) | 78 | steel (alloy) | 303 |
| cartridge paper | 67 | luster glaze | 44 | stoneware | 1,453 |
| casein paint | 5 | magnetite | 5 | strawboard | 5 |
| cashmere (wool) | 9 | mahogany (wood) | 430 | stucco | 29 |
| cast iron | 50 | manganese oxide | 23 | suede | 70 |
| cedar (wood) | 23 | maple (wood) | 216 | sulfur | 1 |
| celadon (glaze) | 1 | marble (rock) | 456 | synthetic fiber | 6 |
| celluloid (cellulosic) | 537 | marbled paper | 304 | taffeta | 126 |
| cellulose acetate | 306 | marlstone | 1 | tantalum | 2 |
| cement (construction material) | 8 | meerschaum | 1 | tarlatan | 11 |
| chalcedony | 15 | melamine | 1 | teak (wood) | 42 |
| chalk | ~31,000 | mercury | 12 | tempera | 54 |
| chamois (animal material) | 120 | mercury and amalgam | 1 | terracotta (clay material) | 369 |
| charcoal stick | 1,379 | mercury sulfide | 2 | terry | 3 |
| cherry (wood) | 29 | metal | 3,855 | ticking | 8 |
| chestnut (wood) | 1 | metal thread | 138 | tiger's eye | 5 |
| chicken wire | 1 | microfilm | 2 | tin (metal) | 1,448 |
| chiffon | 18 | millefiori glass | 4 | tin alloy | 7 |
| chintz | 59 | mineral | 9 | tin glaze | 2,099 |
| chromium | 27 | mockado | 145 | tin plate | 245 |
| chrysoprase | 1 | mohair | 45 | tissue paper | 7 |
| ciselé velvet | 23 | moonstone | 9 | titanium | 3 |
| citrine | 10 | morocco (leather) | 28 | tobacco (material) | 9 |
| clay | 118 | moss agate | 2 | tombac (alloy) | 9 |
| cloth | 250 | mother of pearl | 486 | tooth (material) | 14 |
| coal | 3 | muslin | 10 | topaz (mineral) | 5 |
| cobalt (mineral) | 2,300 | nautilus shell | 5 | touchstone | 10 |
| coconut shell | 15 | newsprint | 550 | tourmaline | 9 |
| collodion | 5 | nickel (metal) | 158 | tracing paper | 1,133 |
| composition (material) | 11 | nut (plant material) | 15 | transparant paper | 1,397 |
| concrete | 8 | nylon | 33 | tuff | 5 |
| concretionary stone | 116 | oak (wood) | 1,596 | tule (grass material) | 56 |
| copper (metal) | 8,645 | oil (organic material) | 3 | turquoise (mineral) | 36 |
| copper alloy | 46 | oil paint (paint) | 5,192 | tweed | 4 |
| copper powder | 17 | oilcloth | 1 | twill | 24 |
| coral (material) | 26 | olive (wood) | 46 | uranium glass | 47 |
| corduroy | 4 | olivine | 2 | uranium oxide | 47 |
| cork (bark) | 123 | onyx (mineral) | 12 | varnish | 112 |
| corrugated board | 214 | opal | 15 | vellum (parchment) | 51 |
| corundum | 1 | opaque white glass | 15 | velvet (fabric weave) | 1,258 |
| cotton (textile) | 3,092 | organic material | 12 | veneer | 33 |
| crepe (textile) | 40 | oyster shell | 4 | vermilion (pigment) | 3 |
| crepe paper | 33 | padouk (wood) | 50 | vinyl | 13 |
| crystal (lead glass) | 61 | paillette | 40 | walnut (hardwood) | 752 |
| cuprous oxide | 18 | paint (coating) | 2,768 | walnut (nut) | 1 |
| cypress (wood) | 18 | palm leaf (material) | 6 | water | 4 |
| deck paint | 5,284 | panel | 1,974 | watercolor (paint) | ~15,000 |
| denim | 1 | paper | ~607,000 | watercolor paper | 203 |
| diamond (mineral) | 167 | papier mâché | 24 | wax | 145 |
| distemper | 1 | parchment (animal material) | 1,465 | weft loop weave | 3 |
| dogwood (wood) | 3 | particle board | 18 | white gold | 11 |
| down (feathers material) | 41 | paste (glass) | 67 | white metal | 31 |
| dye | 131 | pastel (crayon) | 555 | willow (wood) | 14 |
| earthenware | 5,098 | patent leather | 12 | wine | 14 |
| ebony (wood) | 571 | pear (wood) | 34 | wood (plant material) | 9,511 |
| egg (material) | 3 | pearl | 150 | wood board | 2 |
| elm (wood) | 107 | pen | 10 | wool | 1,472 |
| emerald (mineral) | 18 | pencil | ~46,000 | worsted | 10 |
| enamel paint | 13 | pepper | 3 | wrought iron (iron alloy) | 24 |
| encaustic paint | 1 | photographic film (photographic materials) | 511 | yarn | 72 |
| engobe | 176 | photographic support | ~90,000 | yew (wood) | 8 |
| etching ground | 1 | pigment | 41 | zinc | 395 |
| extrusive rock | 6 | pigskin | 6 | zinc alloy | 2 |
| faille | 5 | pinchbeck | 6 | zircon | 3 |
| fat | 1 | pine (wood) | 237 | | |
| feather (material) | 102 | pipe clay | 568 | | |
