from __future__ import annotations

import hashlib
import importlib
import logging
import os
import shutil
import sys
import sysconfig
import tempfile
import urllib.error
import urllib.request
from functools import lru_cache
from typing import Final, List, Tuple

import spacy
from filelock import FileLock

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

CACHE_MAX_SIZE: Final[int] = 128

_SPACY_MODEL_NAME: Final[str] = "en_core_web_sm"
_SPACY_MODEL_VERSION: Final[str] = "3.8.0"
_SPACY_MODEL_URL: Final[str] = (
    f"https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/"
    f"{_SPACY_MODEL_NAME}-{_SPACY_MODEL_VERSION}/"
    f"{_SPACY_MODEL_NAME}-{_SPACY_MODEL_VERSION}-py3-none-any.whl"
)
_SPACY_MODEL_SHA256: Final[str] = "1932429db727d4bff3deed6b34cfc05df17794f4a52eeb26cf8928f7c1a0fb85"


_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_SECONDS: Final[int] = 120
_INSTALL_LOCK_PATH: Final[str] = os.path.join(
    tempfile.gettempdir(), f"{_SPACY_MODEL_NAME}.install.lock"
)


def _download_with_timeout(url: str, dest: str) -> None:
    """Download a URL to a local file with a socket-level timeout."""
    try:
        with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_SECONDS) as resp:
            with open(dest, "wb") as out:
                shutil.copyfileobj(resp, out)
    except urllib.error.URLError as exc:
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"Failed to download spaCy model from {url}: {exc}. "
            "Check your network connection and try again."
        ) from exc


def _install_spacy_model() -> None:
    """Download and install the pinned spaCy model wheel using the `installer` library."""
    from installer import install
    from installer.destinations import SchemeDictionaryDestination
    from installer.sources import WheelFile
    from installer.utils import get_launcher_kind

    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
        whl_path = os.path.join(tmp, f"{_SPACY_MODEL_NAME}-{_SPACY_MODEL_VERSION}-py3-none-any.whl")
        logger.info("Downloading spaCy model %s %s …", _SPACY_MODEL_NAME, _SPACY_MODEL_VERSION)
        _download_with_timeout(_SPACY_MODEL_URL, whl_path)

        with open(whl_path, "rb") as f:
            sha256 = hashlib.sha256(f.read()).hexdigest()
        if sha256 != _SPACY_MODEL_SHA256:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Hash mismatch for {_SPACY_MODEL_NAME}: "
                f"expected {_SPACY_MODEL_SHA256}, got {sha256}"
            )

        # Install into a staging directory to avoid races with other processes
        staging = os.path.join(tmp, "staging")
        paths = sysconfig.get_paths()
        staged_paths = paths.copy()
        staged_paths["purelib"] = staging
        staged_paths["platlib"] = staging

        destination = SchemeDictionaryDestination(
            staged_paths,
            interpreter=sys.executable,
            script_kind=get_launcher_kind(),
        )
        with WheelFile.open(whl_path) as source:
            install(source=source, destination=destination, additional_metadata={})

        # Move installed packages from staging into real site-packages.
        # The caller holds _INSTALL_LOCK_PATH so no other process races here.
        # Any dst that already exists is a remnant of a previous failed install
        # (spacy.load() just failed), so remove it before moving to avoid
        # shutil.move placing src *inside* an existing directory.
        site_packages = paths["purelib"]
        for item in os.listdir(staging):
            src = os.path.join(staging, item)
            dst = os.path.join(site_packages, item)
            try:
                if os.path.isdir(dst):
                    shutil.rmtree(dst)
                elif os.path.exists(dst):
                    os.remove(dst)
                shutil.move(src, dst)
            except OSError as exc:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    f"Failed to install {_SPACY_MODEL_NAME} to {site_packages}: {exc}. "
                    "Ensure the site-packages directory is writable, or pre-install the model "
                    f"with: python -m spacy download {_SPACY_MODEL_NAME}"
                ) from exc

    logger.info("Installed %s %s", _SPACY_MODEL_NAME, _SPACY_MODEL_VERSION)


# Only tok2vec, tagger, parser (sentence boundaries), and sentencizer are used
# (pos_tag and sent_tokenize). Excluding the remaining components saves ~7 MiB
# of model weights per process.
_SPACY_EXCLUDE = ["ner", "lemmatizer", "attribute_ruler"]


def _load_spacy_model() -> spacy.language.Language:
    try:
        return spacy.load(_SPACY_MODEL_NAME, exclude=_SPACY_EXCLUDE)
    except OSError:
        pass

    # Serialize model installation across processes with an exclusive file lock.
    # A well-known path in the system temp dir is visible to all processes
    # regardless of their working directory.
    with FileLock(_INSTALL_LOCK_PATH, timeout=-1):
        # Double-check: another process may have installed while we waited.
        importlib.invalidate_caches()
        try:
            return spacy.load(_SPACY_MODEL_NAME, exclude=_SPACY_EXCLUDE)
        except OSError:
            pass
        _install_spacy_model()
        importlib.invalidate_caches()
        try:
            return spacy.load(_SPACY_MODEL_NAME, exclude=_SPACY_EXCLUDE)
        except OSError as exc:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"Installed {_SPACY_MODEL_NAME} but spacy.load() still failed. "
                "Check site-packages permissions and installation integrity."
            ) from exc


@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
def _get_nlp() -> spacy.language.Language:
    """Load the spaCy model on first use and cache it for the lifetime of the process."""
    return _load_spacy_model()


def _process(text: str) -> spacy.tokens.Doc:
    """Run the spaCy pipeline once. All public functions extract what they need from the Doc."""
    # -- str() handles numpy.str_ from OCR pipelines --
    return _get_nlp()(str(text))


def sent_tokenize(text: str) -> List[str]:
    """A wrapper so that we can cache the result of sentence tokenization as an
    immutable, while returning the expected return type (list)."""
    return list(_tokenize_for_cache(text))


@lru_cache(maxsize=CACHE_MAX_SIZE)
def word_tokenize(text: str) -> List[str]:
    """A wrapper around the spaCy word tokenizer with LRU caching enabled."""
    return [token.text for token in _process(text)]


@lru_cache(maxsize=CACHE_MAX_SIZE)
def pos_tag(text: str) -> List[Tuple[str, str]]:
    """A wrapper around the spaCy POS tagger with LRU caching enabled."""
    doc = _process(text)
    return [(token.text, token.tag_) for token in doc]


@lru_cache(maxsize=CACHE_MAX_SIZE)
def _tokenize_for_cache(text: str) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
    """A wrapper around the spaCy sentence tokenizer with LRU caching enabled."""
    return tuple(sent.text for sent in _process(text).sents)
