@article{chernozhukov2018double,
  title={Double/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Chetverikov, Denis and Demirer, Mert and Duflo, Esther and Hansen, Christian and Newey, Whitney and Robins, James},
  journal={The Econometrics Journal},
  volume={21},
  number={1},
  pages={C1--C68},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Wiley},
  doi={10.1111/ectj.12097}
}

@article{wager2018estimation,
  title={Estimation and inference of heterogeneous treatment effects using random forests},
  author={Wager, Stefan and Athey, Susan},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={113},
  number={523},
  pages={1228--1242},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2017.1319839}
}

@article{callaway2021difference,
  title={Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods},
  author={Callaway, Brantly and Sant'Anna, Pedro H. C.},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  volume={225},
  number={2},
  pages={200--230},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.12.001}
}

@article{sun2021estimating,
  title={Estimating dynamic treatment effects in event studies with heterogeneous treatment effects},
  author={Sun, Liyang and Abraham, Sarah},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  volume={225},
  number={2},
  pages={175--199},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.09.006}
}

@article{calonico2014robust,
  title={Robust nonparametric confidence intervals for regression-discontinuity designs},
  author={Calonico, Sebastian and Cattaneo, Matias D. and Titiunik, Roc{\'\i}o},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={82},
  number={6},
  pages={2295--2326},
  year={2014},
  publisher={Wiley},
  doi={10.3982/ECTA11757}
}

@article{abadie2010synthetic,
  title={Synthetic control methods for comparative case studies: Estimating the effect of {California}'s tobacco control program},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and Diamond, Alexis and Hainmueller, Jens},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={105},
  number={490},
  pages={493--505},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis},
  doi={10.1198/jasa.2009.ap08746}
}

@article{arkhangelsky2021synthetic,
  title={Synthetic difference-in-differences},
  author={Arkhangelsky, Dmitry and Athey, Susan and Hirshberg, David A. and Imbens, Guido W. and Wager, Stefan},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  volume={111},
  number={12},
  pages={4088--4118},
  year={2021},
  publisher={American Economic Association},
  doi={10.1257/aer.20190159}
}

@article{rosenbaum1983central,
  title={The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects},
  author={Rosenbaum, Paul R. and Rubin, Donald B.},
  journal={Biometrika},
  volume={70},
  number={1},
  pages={41--55},
  year={1983},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi={10.1093/biomet/70.1.41}
}

@article{kunzel2019metalearners,
  title={Metalearners for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects using machine learning},
  author={K{\"u}nzel, S{\"o}ren R. and Sekhon, Jasjeet S. and Bickel, Peter J. and Yu, Bin},
  journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  volume={116},
  number={10},
  pages={4156--4165},
  year={2019},
  publisher={National Academy of Sciences},
  doi={10.1073/pnas.1804597116}
}

@book{vanderlaan2011targeted,
  title={Targeted Learning: Causal Inference for Observational and Experimental Data},
  author={van der Laan, Mark J. and Rose, Sherri},
  year={2011},
  publisher={Springer},
  series={Springer Series in Statistics},
  doi={10.1007/978-1-4419-9782-1}
}

@article{cinelli2020making,
  title={Making sense of sensitivity: Extending omitted variable bias},
  author={Cinelli, Carlos and Hazlett, Chad},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)},
  volume={82},
  number={1},
  pages={39--67},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Wiley},
  doi={10.1111/rssb.12348}
}

@inproceedings{zheng2018dags,
  title={{DAGs} with {NO TEARS}: Continuous optimization for structure learning},
  author={Zheng, Xun and Aragam, Bryon and Ravikumar, Pradeep K. and Xing, Eric P.},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  volume={31},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1803.01422}
}

@article{hahn2020bayesian,
  title={Bayesian regression tree models for causal inference: Regularization, confounding, and heterogeneous effects (with discussion)},
  author={Hahn, P. Richard and Murray, Jared S. and Carvalho, Carlos M.},
  journal={Bayesian Analysis},
  volume={15},
  number={3},
  pages={965--1056},
  year={2020},
  publisher={International Society for Bayesian Analysis},
  doi={10.1214/19-BA1195}
}

@article{athey2021matrix,
  title={Matrix completion methods for causal panel data models},
  author={Athey, Susan and Bayati, Mohsen and Doudchenko, Nikolay and Imbens, Guido and Khosravi, Khashayar},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={116},
  number={536},
  pages={1716--1730},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2021.1891924}
}

@article{athey2021policy,
  title={Policy learning with observational data},
  author={Athey, Susan and Wager, Stefan},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={89},
  number={1},
  pages={133--161},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Wiley},
  doi={10.3982/ECTA15732}
}

@inproceedings{shalit2017estimating,
  title={Estimating individual treatment effect: Generalization bounds and algorithms},
  author={Shalit, Uri and Johansson, Fredrik D. and Sontag, David},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning},
  pages={3076--3085},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1606.03976}
}

@inproceedings{shi2019adapting,
  title={Adapting neural networks for the estimation of treatment effects},
  author={Shi, Claudia and Blei, David and Veitch, Victor},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  volume={32},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1906.02120}
}

@book{spirtes2000causation,
  title={Causation, Prediction, and Search},
  author={Spirtes, Peter and Glymour, Clark and Scheines, Richard},
  year={2000},
  edition={2nd},
  publisher={MIT Press},
  doi={10.7551/mitpress/1754.001.0001}
}

@article{lei2021conformal,
  title={Conformal inference of counterfactuals and individual treatment effects},
  author={Lei, Lihua and Cand{\`e}s, Emmanuel J.},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)},
  volume={83},
  number={5},
  pages={911--938},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Wiley},
  doi={10.1111/rssb.12445}
}

@incollection{hirano2004propensity,
  title={The propensity score with continuous treatments},
  author={Hirano, Keisuke and Imbens, Guido W.},
  booktitle={Applied Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference from Incomplete-Data Perspectives},
  pages={73--84},
  year={2004},
  publisher={Wiley},
  doi={10.1002/0470090456.ch7}
}

@article{cattaneo2010efficient,
  title={Efficient semiparametric estimation of multi-valued treatment effects under ignorability},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D.},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  volume={155},
  number={2},
  pages={138--154},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.09.023}
}

@article{lee2009training,
  title={Training, wages, and sample selection: Estimating sharp bounds on treatment effects},
  author={Lee, David S.},
  journal={Review of Economic Studies},
  volume={76},
  number={3},
  pages={1071--1102},
  year={2009},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi={10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00536.x}
}

@article{manski1990nonparametric,
  title={Nonparametric bounds on treatment effects},
  author={Manski, Charles F.},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  volume={80},
  number={2},
  pages={319--323},
  year={1990},
  publisher={American Economic Association}
}

@article{hudgens2008toward,
  title={Toward causal inference with interference},
  author={Hudgens, Michael G. and Halloran, M. Elizabeth},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={103},
  number={482},
  pages={832--842},
  year={2008},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis},
  doi={10.1198/016214508000000292}
}

@incollection{robins2004optimal,
  title={Optimal structural nested models for optimal sequential decisions},
  author={Robins, James M.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Second Seattle Symposium in Biostatistics},
  pages={189--326},
  year={2004},
  publisher={Springer},
  doi={10.1007/978-1-4419-9076-1_11}
}

@article{kleven2013using,
  title={Using notches to uncover optimization frictions and structural elasticities: Theory and evidence from {Pakistan}},
  author={Kleven, Henrik J. and Waseem, Mazhar},
  journal={Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  volume={128},
  number={2},
  pages={669--723},
  year={2013},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi={10.1093/qje/qjt004}
}

@article{vanderweele2017sensitivity,
  title={Sensitivity analysis in observational research: Introducing the {E}-value},
  author={VanderWeele, Tyler J. and Ding, Peng},
  journal={Annals of Internal Medicine},
  volume={167},
  number={4},
  pages={268--274},
  year={2017},
  publisher={American College of Physicians},
  doi={10.7326/M16-2607}
}

@article{oster2019unobservable,
  title={Unobservable selection and coefficient stability: Theory and evidence},
  author={Oster, Emily},
  journal={Journal of Business \& Economic Statistics},
  volume={37},
  number={2},
  pages={187--204},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis},
  doi={10.1080/07350015.2016.1227711}
}

@article{simonsohn2020specification,
  title={Specification curve analysis},
  author={Simonsohn, Uri and Simmons, Joseph P. and Nelson, Leif D.},
  journal={Nature Human Behaviour},
  volume={4},
  number={11},
  pages={1208--1214},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group},
  doi={10.1038/s41562-020-0912-z}
}

@article{dechaisemartin2020two,
  title={Two-way fixed effects estimators with heterogeneous treatment effects},
  author={de Chaisemartin, Cl{\'e}ment and D'Haultf{\oe}uille, Xavier},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  volume={110},
  number={9},
  pages={2964--2996},
  year={2020},
  publisher={American Economic Association},
  doi={10.1257/aer.20181169}
}

@article{borusyak2024revisiting,
  title={Revisiting event-study designs: Robust and efficient estimation},
  author={Borusyak, Kirill and Jaravel, Xavier and Spiess, Jann},
  journal={Review of Economic Studies},
  volume={91},
  number={6},
  pages={3253--3285},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi={10.1093/restud/rdae007}
}

@article{rambachan2023more,
  title={A more credible approach to parallel trends},
  author={Rambachan, Ashesh and Roth, Jonathan},
  journal={Review of Economic Studies},
  volume={90},
  number={5},
  pages={2555--2591},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi={10.1093/restud/rdad018}
}

@article{mccrary2008manipulation,
  title={Manipulation of the running variable in the regression discontinuity design: A density test},
  author={McCrary, Justin},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  volume={142},
  number={2},
  pages={698--714},
  year={2008},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.005}
}

@article{cattaneo2021extrapolating,
  title={Extrapolating treatment effects in multi-cutoff regression discontinuity designs},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Keele, Luke and Titiunik, Roc{\'\i}o and Vazquez-Bare, Gonzalo},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={116},
  number={536},
  pages={1941--1952},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2020.1751646}
}

@article{cattaneo2024binscatter,
  title={On binscatter},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Crump, Richard K. and Farrell, Max H. and Feng, Yingjie},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  volume={114},
  number={5},
  pages={1488--1514},
  year={2024},
  publisher={American Economic Association},
  doi={10.1257/aer.20221576}
}

@article{keele2015geographic,
  title={Geographic boundaries as regression discontinuities},
  author={Keele, Luke J. and Titiunik, Roc{\'\i}o},
  journal={Political Analysis},
  volume={23},
  number={1},
  pages={127--155},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press},
  doi={10.1093/pan/mpu014}
}

@article{xu2017generalized,
  title={Generalized synthetic control method: Causal inference with interactive fixed effects models},
  author={Xu, Yiqing},
  journal={Political Analysis},
  volume={25},
  number={1},
  pages={57--76},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press},
  doi={10.1017/pan.2016.2}
}

@inproceedings{hartford2017deep,
  title={Deep {IV}: A flexible approach for counterfactual prediction},
  author={Hartford, Jason and Lewis, Greg and Leyton-Brown, Kevin and Taddy, Matt},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning},
  pages={1414--1423},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1612.09596}
}

@article{kennedy2023towards,
  title={Towards optimal doubly robust estimation of heterogeneous causal effects},
  author={Kennedy, Edward H.},
  journal={Electronic Journal of Statistics},
  volume={17},
  number={2},
  pages={3008--3049},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  doi={10.1214/23-EJS2157}
}

@article{berry1995automobile,
  title={Automobile prices in market equilibrium},
  author={Berry, Steven and Levinsohn, James and Pakes, Ariel},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={63},
  number={4},
  pages={841--890},
  year={1995},
  publisher={Wiley},
  doi={10.2307/2171802}
}

@book{angrist2009mostly,
  title={Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion},
  author={Angrist, Joshua D. and Pischke, J{\"o}rn-Steffen},
  year={2009},
  publisher={Princeton University Press},
  isbn={978-0-691-12035-5},
  doi={10.1515/9781400829828}
}

@book{imbens2015causal,
  title={Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction},
  author={Imbens, Guido W. and Rubin, Donald B.},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press},
  isbn={978-0-521-88588-1},
  doi={10.1017/CBO9781139025751}
}

@misc{sharma2020dowhy,
  title={{DoWhy}: An End-to-End Library for Causal Inference},
  author={Sharma, Amit and Kiciman, Emre},
  year={2020},
  eprint={2011.04216},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={stat.ME},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2011.04216},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04216}
}

@misc{econml,
  title={{EconML}: A {Python} Package for {ML}-Based Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Estimation},
  author={Battocchi, Keith and Dillon, Eleanor and Hei, Maggie and Lewis, Greg and Oka, Paul and Oprescu, Miruna and Syrgkanis, Vasilis},
  year={2019},
  note={Version 0.x},
  url={https://github.com/py-why/EconML}
}

@misc{chen2020causalml,
  title={{CausalML}: {Python} Package for Causal Machine Learning},
  author={Chen, Huigang and Harinen, Totte and Lee, Jeong-Yoon and Yung, Mike and Zhao, Zhenyu},
  year={2020},
  eprint={2002.11631},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.CY},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2002.11631},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.11631}
}

@article{bach2022doubleml,
  title={{DoubleML} -- An Object-Oriented Implementation of Double Machine Learning in {Python}},
  author={Bach, Philipp and Chernozhukov, Victor and Kurz, Malte S. and Spindler, Martin},
  journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={23},
  number={53},
  pages={1--6},
  year={2022},
  url={https://jmlr.org/papers/v23/21-0862.html}
}

@article{bates2015lme4,
  title={Fitting linear mixed-effects models using {lme4}},
  author={Bates, Douglas and M{\"a}chler, Martin and Bolker, Benjamin and Walker, Steve},
  journal={Journal of Statistical Software},
  volume={67},
  number={1},
  pages={1--48},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.18637/jss.v067.i01}
}

@article{cameron2008bootstrap,
  title={Bootstrap-Based Improvements for Inference with Clustered Errors},
  author={Cameron, A. Colin and Gelbach, Jonah B. and Miller, Douglas L.},
  journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1162/rest.90.3.414}
}

@techreport{doudchenko2016balancing,
  title={Balancing, Regression, Difference-In-Differences and Synthetic Control Methods: A Synthesis},
  author={Doudchenko, Nikolay and Imbens, Guido},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.3386/w22791}
}

@article{mundlak1978pooling,
  title={On the Pooling of Time Series and Cross Section Data},
  author={Mundlak, Yair},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1978},
  doi={10.2307/1913646}
}

@article{benmichael2022synthetic,
  title={Synthetic Controls with Staggered Adoption},
  author={Ben-Michael, Eli and Feller, Avi and Rothstein, Jesse},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.1111/rssb.12448}
}

@article{breusch1980lagrange,
  title={The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics},
  author={Breusch, T. S. and Pagan, A. R.},
  journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
  year={1980},
  doi={10.2307/2297111}
}

@article{calonico2020optimal,
  title={Optimal bandwidth choice for robust bias-corrected inference in regression discontinuity designs},
  author={Calonico, Sebastian and Cattaneo, Matias D and Farrell, Max H},
  journal={The Econometrics Journal},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1093/ectj/utz022}
}

@article{chamberlain1982multivariate,
  title={Multivariate regression models for panel data},
  author={Chamberlain, Gary},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1982},
  doi={10.1016/0304-4076(82)90094-x}
}

@article{firpo2007efficient,
  title={Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Quantile Treatment Effects},
  author={Firpo, Sergio},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2007},
  doi={10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00738.x}
}

@article{imbens2012optimal,
  title={Optimal Bandwidth Choice for the Regression Discontinuity Estimator},
  author={Imbens, G. and Kalyanaraman, K.},
  journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
  year={2012},
  doi={10.1093/restud/rdr043}
}

@article{imbens2025long,
  title={Long-term causal inference under persistent confounding via data combination},
  author={Imbens, Guido and Kallus, Nathan and Mao, Xiaojie and Wang, Yuhao},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1093/jrsssb/qkae095}
}

@article{imbens2009recent,
  title={Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation},
  author={Imbens, Guido W. and Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.},
  journal={Journal of Economic Literature},
  year={2009},
  volume={47},
  number={1},
  pages={5--86},
  doi={10.1257/jel.47.1.5}
}

@article{abadie2003economic,
  title={The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and Gardeazabal, Javier},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.1257/000282803321455188}
}

@article{ackerberg2009improved,
  title={Improved JIVE Estimators for Overidentified Linear Models with and without Heteroskedasticity},
  author={Ackerberg, Daniel A and Devereux, Paul J},
  journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.1162/rest.91.2.351}
}

@article{ahrens2025model,
  title={Model Averaging and Double Machine Learning},
  author={Ahrens, Achim and Hansen, Christian B. and Schaffer, Mark E. and Wiemann, Thomas},
  journal={Journal of Applied Econometrics},
  volume={40},
  number={3},
  pages={249--269},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1002/jae.3103}
}

@article{aigner1977formulation,
  title={Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models},
  author={Aigner, Dennis and Lovell, C.A.Knox and Schmidt, Peter},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1977},
  doi={10.1016/0304-4076(77)90052-5}
}

@article{albrecht2003there,
  title={Is There a Glass Ceiling in Sweden?},
  author={Albrecht, James and Björklund, Anders and Vroman, Susan},
  journal={Journal of Labor Economics},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.1086/344126}
}

@article{altman1994statistics,
  title={Statistics Notes: Diagnostic tests 1: sensitivity and specificity},
  author={Altman, D G and Bland, J M},
  journal={BMJ},
  year={1994},
  doi={10.1136/bmj.308.6943.1552}
}

@article{amemiya1984tobit,
  title={Tobit models: A survey},
  author={Amemiya, Takeshi},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1984},
  doi={10.1016/0304-4076(84)90074-5}
}

@article{angrist1991does,
  title={Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings?},
  author={Angrist, Joshua D. and Krueger, Alan B.},
  journal={The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  year={1991},
  doi={10.2307/2937954}
}

@article{angrist1996identification,
  title={Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables},
  author={Angrist, Joshua D. and Imbens, Guido W. and Rubin, Donald B.},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={1996},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.1996.10476902}
}

@article{arelbundock2022modelsummary,
  title={<b>modelsummary</b>: Data and Model Summaries in <i>R</i>},
  author={Arel-Bundock, Vincent},
  journal={Journal of Statistical Software},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.18637/jss.v103.i01}
}

@article{armstrong2018optimal,
  title={Optimal Inference in a Class of Regression Models},
  author={Armstrong, Timothy B. and Kolesár, Michal},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.3982/ecta14434}
}

@article{armstrong2020simple,
  title={Simple and honest confidence intervals in nonparametric regression},
  author={Armstrong, Timothy B. and Kolesár, Michal},
  journal={Quantitative Economics},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.3982/qe1199}
}

@article{bai1998estimating,
  title={Estimating and Testing Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes},
  author={Bai, Jushan and Perron, Pierre},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1998},
  doi={10.2307/2998540}
}

@article{balke1997bounds,
  title={Bounds on Treatment Effects From Studies With Imperfect Compliance},
  author={Balke, Alexander and Pearl, Judea},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={1997},
  doi={10.2307/2965583}
}

@article{baron1986moderator,
  title={The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.},
  author={Baron, Reuben M. and Kenny, David A.},
  journal={Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  year={1986},
  doi={10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173}
}

@article{battese1988prediction,
  title={Prediction of firm-level technical efficiencies with a generalized frontier production function and panel data},
  author={Battese, George E. and Coelli, Tim J.},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1988},
  doi={10.1016/0304-4076(88)90053-x}
}

@article{battese1992frontier,
  title={Frontier production functions, technical efficiency and panel data: With application to paddy farmers in India},
  author={Battese, G. E. and Coelli, T. J.},
  journal={Journal of Productivity Analysis},
  year={1992},
  doi={10.1007/bf00158774}
}

@article{battese1995model,
  title={A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data},
  author={Battese, G. E. and Coelli, T. J.},
  journal={Empirical Economics},
  year={1995},
  doi={10.1007/bf01205442}
}

@article{battese2004metafrontier,
  title={A Metafrontier Production Function for Estimation of Technical Efficiencies and Technology Gaps for Firms Operating Under Different Technologies},
  author={Battese, George E. and Rao, D. S. Prasada and O'Donnell, Christopher J.},
  journal={Journal of Productivity Analysis},
  year={2004},
  doi={10.1023/b:prod.0000012454.06094.29}
}

@article{bauer2008extension,
  title={An extension of the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition to nonlinear models},
  author={Bauer, Thomas K. and Sinning, Mathias},
  journal={AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1007/s10182-008-0056-3}
}

@article{beck1995what,
  title={What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data},
  author={Beck, Nathaniel and Katz, Jonathan N.},
  journal={American Political Science Review},
  year={1995},
  doi={10.2307/2082979}
}

@article{benjamini1995controlling,
  title={Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing},
  author={Benjamini, Yoav and Hochberg, Yosef},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={1995},
  doi={10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x}
}

@article{billmeier2013assessing,
  title={Assessing Economic Liberalization Episodes: A Synthetic Control Approach},
  author={Billmeier, Andreas and Nannicini, Tommaso},
  journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1162/rest_a_00324}
}

@article{blundell2007semi,
  title={Semi-Nonparametric IV Estimation of Shape-Invariant Engel Curves},
  author={Blundell, Richard and Chen, Xiaohong and Kristensen, Dennis},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2007},
  doi={10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00808.x}
}

@article{borusyak2022quasi,
  title={Quasi-Experimental Shift-Share Research Designs},
  author={Borusyak, Kirill and Hull, Peter and Jaravel, Xavier},
  journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
  volume={89},
  number={1},
  pages={181--213},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.1093/restud/rdab030}
}

@article{bowden2015mendelian,
  title={Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression},
  author={Bowden, J. and Davey Smith, G. and Burgess, S.},
  journal={International Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.1093/ije/dyv080}
}

@article{bowden2016consistent,
  title={Consistent Estimation in Mendelian Randomization with Some Invalid Instruments Using a Weighted Median Estimator},
  author={Bowden, Jack and Davey Smith, George and Haycock, Philip C. and Burgess, Stephen},
  journal={Genetic Epidemiology},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1002/gepi.21965}
}

@article{bowden2018improving,
  title={Improving the visualization, interpretation and analysis of two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization via the Radial plot and Radial regression},
  author={Bowden, Jack and Spiller, Wesley and Del Greco M, Fabiola and Sheehan, Nuala and Thompson, John and Minelli, Cosetta and Davey Smith, George},
  journal={International Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1093/ije/dyy265}
}

@article{bramoull2009identification,
  title={Identification of peer effects through social networks},
  author={Bramoullé, Yann and Djebbari, Habiba and Fortin, Bernard},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2008.12.021}
}

@article{brinch2017beyond,
  title={Beyond LATE with a Discrete Instrument},
  author={Brinch, Christian N. and Mogstad, Magne and Wiswall, Matthew},
  journal={Journal of Political Economy},
  volume={125},
  number={4},
  pages={985--1039},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.1086/692712}
}

@article{brown1975techniques,
  title={Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships Over Time},
  author={Brown, R. L. and Durbin, J. and Evans, J. M.},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={1975},
  doi={10.1111/j.2517-6161.1975.tb01532.x}
}

@article{bruhn2009pursuit,
  title={In Pursuit of Balance: Randomization in Practice in Development Field Experiments},
  author={Bruhn, Miriam and McKenzie, David},
  journal={American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.1257/app.1.4.200}
}

@article{burgess2013mendelian,
  title={Mendelian Randomization Analysis With Multiple Genetic Variants Using Summarized Data},
  author={Burgess, Stephen and Butterworth, Adam and Thompson, Simon G.},
  journal={Genetic Epidemiology},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1002/gepi.21758}
}

@article{burgess2015network,
  title={Network Mendelian randomization: using genetic variants as instrumental variables to investigate mediation in causal pathways},
  author={Burgess, S. and Daniel, R. M. and Butterworth, A. S. and Thompson, S. G.},
  journal={International Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.1093/ije/dyu176}
}

@article{butts2022stage,
  title={did2s: Two-Stage Difference-in-Differences},
  author={Butts, Kyle and Gardner, John},
  journal={The R Journal},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.32614/rj-2022-048}
}

@article{buuren2011mice,
  title={<b>mice</b>: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in<i>R</i>},
  author={Buuren, Stef van and Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Karin},
  journal={Journal of Statistical Software},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.18637/jss.v045.i03}
}

@article{cain2010when,
  title={When to Start Treatment? A Systematic Approach to the Comparison of Dynamic Regimes Using Observational Data},
  author={Cain, Lauren E. and Robins, James M. and Lanoy, Emilie and Logan, Roger and Costagliola, Dominique and Hernán, Miguel A.},
  journal={The International Journal of Biostatistics},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.2202/1557-4679.1212}
}

@techreport{callaway2024difference,
  title={Difference-in-differences with a Continuous Treatment},
  author={Callaway, Brantly and Goodman-Bacon, Andrew and Sant'Anna, Pedro H.},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.3386/w32117}
}

@article{calonico2025rdhte,
  title={rdhte: Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Regression Discontinuity Designs},
  author={Calonico, Sebastian and Cattaneo, Matias D. and Farrell, Max H. and Palomba, Filippo and Titiunik, Rocio},
  journal={CRAN: Contributed Packages},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.32614/cran.package.rdhte}
}

@article{card2015inference,
  title={Inference on Causal Effects in a Generalized Regression Kink Design},
  author={Card, David and Pei, Zhuan and Lee, David and Weber, Andrea},
  journal={SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.2139/ssrn.2553874}
}

@article{carneiro2011estimating,
  title={Estimating Marginal Returns to Education},
  author={Carneiro, Pedro and Heckman, James J and Vytlacil, Edward J},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1257/aer.101.6.2754}
}

@article{cattaneo2018manipulation,
  title={Manipulation Testing Based on Density Discontinuity},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Jansson, Michael and Ma, Xinwei},
  journal={The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1177/1536867x1801800115}
}

@article{cattaneo2015randomization,
  title={Randomization Inference in the Regression Discontinuity Design: An Application to Party Advantages in the U.S. Senate},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Frandsen, Brigham R. and Titiunik, Roc{\'i}o},
  journal={Journal of Causal Inference},
  volume={3},
  number={1},
  pages={1--24},
  year={2015},
  publisher={De Gruyter},
  doi={10.1515/jci-2013-0010}
}

@article{cattaneo2019power,
  title={Power calculations for regression-discontinuity designs},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Titiunik, Rocío and Vazquez-Bare, Gonzalo},
  journal={The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1177/1536867x19830919}
}

@article{cattaneo2021prediction,
  title={Prediction Intervals for Synthetic Control Methods},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Feng, Yingjie and Titiunik, Rocio},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2021.1979561}
}

@article{cattaneo2025boundary,
  title={rd2d: Boundary Regression Discontinuity Designs},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Titiunik, Rocio and Yu, Ruiqi Rae},
  journal={CRAN: Contributed Packages},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.32614/cran.package.rd2d}
}

@article{caudill1995frontier,
  title={Frontier Estimation and Firm-Specific Inefficiency Measures in the Presence of Heteroscedasticity},
  author={Caudill, Steven B. and Ford, Jon M. and Gropper, Daniel M.},
  journal={Journal of Business &amp; Economic Statistics},
  year={1995},
  doi={10.1080/07350015.1995.10524583}
}

@article{cengiz2019effect,
  title={The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs*},
  author={Cengiz, Doruk and Dube, Arindrajit and Lindner, Attila and Zipperer, Ben},
  journal={The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1093/qje/qjz014}
}

@article{dechaisemartin2018fuzzy,
  title={Fuzzy Differences-in-Differences},
  author={de Chaisemartin, C and D’HaultfŒuille, X},
  journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1093/restud/rdx049}
}

@article{dechaisemartin2022fixed,
  title={Two-way fixed effects and differences-in-differences with heterogeneous treatment effects: a survey},
  author={de Chaisemartin, Cl{\'e}ment and D'Haultf{\oe}uille, Xavier},
  journal={The Econometrics Journal},
  volume={26},
  number={3},
  pages={C1--C30},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi={10.1093/ectj/utac017}
}

@article{dechaisemartin2024difference,
  title={Difference-in-Differences Estimators of Intertemporal Treatment Effects},
  author={de Chaisemartin, Clément and D'Haultfœuille, Xavier},
  journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1162/rest_a_01414}
}

@article{chakraborty2013statistical,
  title={Statistical Methods for Dynamic Treatment Regimes},
  author={Chakraborty, Bibhas and Moodie, Erica E.M.},
  journal={Statistics for Biology and Health},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1007/978-1-4614-7428-9}
}

@article{chamberlain1980analysis,
  title={Analysis of Covariance with Qualitative Data},
  author={Chamberlain, Gary},
  journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
  year={1980},
  doi={10.2307/2297110}
}

@article{chernozhukov2003mcmc,
  title={An MCMC approach to classical estimation},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Hong, Han},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.1016/s0304-4076(03)00100-3}
}

@article{chernozhukov2006instrumental,
  title={Instrumental quantile regression inference for structural and treatment effect models},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Hansen, Christian},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2006},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2005.02.009}
}

@article{chernozhukov2008instrumental,
  title={Instrumental variable quantile regression: A robust inference approach},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Hansen, Christian},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.06.005}
}

@article{clarke2020romano,
  title={The Romano–Wolf multiple-hypothesis correction in Stata},
  author={Clarke, Damian and Romano, Joseph P. and Wolf, Michael},
  journal={The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1177/1536867x20976314}
}

@article{coelli2005total,
  title={Total factor productivity growth in agriculture: a Malmquist index analysis of 93 countries, 1980–2000},
  author={Coelli, Tim J. and Rao, D. S. Prasada},
  journal={Agricultural Economics},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1111/j.0169-5150.2004.00018.x}
}

@article{cohen1960coefficient,
  title={A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales},
  author={Cohen, Jacob},
  journal={Educational and Psychological Measurement},
  year={1960},
  doi={10.1177/001316446002000104}
}

@article{cole2008constructing,
  title={Constructing Inverse Probability Weights for Marginal Structural Models},
  author={Cole, S. R. and Hernan, M. A.},
  journal={American Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1093/aje/kwn164}
}

@article{conley1999estimation,
  title={GMM estimation with cross sectional dependence},
  author={Conley, T.G.},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1999},
  doi={10.1016/s0304-4076(98)00084-0}
}

@article{conley2008spatial,
  title={Spatial Econometrics},
  author={Conley, Timothy G.},
  journal={The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1007/978-1-349-58802-2_1578}
}

@article{conley2012plausibly,
  title={Plausibly Exogenous},
  author={Conley, Timothy G. and Hansen, Christian B. and Rossi, Peter E.},
  journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
  year={2012},
  doi={10.1162/rest_a_00139}
}

@article{cook1977editor,
  title={The Editor<i>Technometrics</i>},
  author={Cook, R. Dennis},
  journal={Technometrics},
  year={1977},
  doi={10.1080/00401706.1977.10489570}
}

@article{cragg1993testing,
  title={Testing Identifiability and Specification in Instrumental Variable Models},
  author={Cragg, John G. and Donald, Stephen G.},
  journal={Econometric Theory},
  year={1993},
  doi={10.1017/s0266466600007519}
}

@article{cui2023estimating,
  title={Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects with right-censored data via causal survival forests},
  author={Cui, Yifan and Kosorok, Michael R and Sverdrup, Erik and Wager, Stefan and Zhu, Ruoqing},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1093/jrsssb/qkac001}
}

@article{dagum1997approach,
  title={A new approach to the decomposition of the Gini income inequality ratio},
  author={Dagum, Camilo},
  journal={Empirical Economics},
  year={1997},
  doi={10.1007/bf01205777}
}

@article{dahabreh2019generalizing,
  title={Generalizing Causal Inferences from Individuals in Randomized Trials to All Trial-Eligible Individuals},
  author={Dahabreh, Issa J. and Robertson, Sarah E. and Tchetgen, Eric J. and Stuart, Elizabeth A. and Hernán, Miguel A.},
  journal={Biometrics},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1111/biom.13009}
}

@article{delgado2015difference,
  title={Difference-in-Differences Techniques for Spatial Data: Local Autocorrelation and Spatial Interaction},
  author={Delgado, Michael S. and Florax, Raymond J.G.M.},
  journal={Economics Letters},
  volume={137},
  pages={123--126},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.1016/j.econlet.2015.10.035}
}

@article{roth2023whats,
  title={What's trending in difference-in-differences? A synthesis of the recent econometrics literature},
  author={Roth, Jonathan and Sant'Anna, Pedro H. C. and Bilinski, Alyssa and Poe, John},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  volume={235},
  number={2},
  pages={2218--2244},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2023.03.008}
}

@article{wing2024designing,
  title={Designing Difference-in-Difference Studies with Staggered Treatment Adoption: Key Concepts and Practical Guidelines},
  author={Wing, Coady and Yozwiak, Madeline and Hollingsworth, Alex and Freedman, Seth and Simon, Kosali I.},
  journal={Annual Review of Public Health},
  volume={45},
  pages={485--505},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1146/annurev-publhealth-061022-050825}
}

@techreport{fiorini2024simple,
  title={A Simple Approach to Staggered Difference-in-Differences in the Presence of Spillovers},
  author={Fiorini, Mario and Lee, Wooyong and Pfeifer, Gregor},
  institution={CESifo},
  type={CESifo Working Paper},
  number={11011},
  year={2024},
  url={https://hdl.handle.net/10419/296100},
  doi={10.2139/ssrn.4772584}
}

@misc{serenini2024spatial,
  title={Spatial Synthetic Difference-in-Differences},
  author={Serenini, Renan and Masek, Frantisek},
  year={2024},
  note={SSRN working paper, last revised January 2, 2026},
  doi={10.2139/ssrn.4736857}
}

@misc{sun2025network,
  title={Difference-in-Differences Under Network Interference},
  author={Sun, Kuan and Xiao, Zhiguo},
  year={2025},
  eprint={2509.24259},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={stat.ME},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2509.24259}
}

@article{diamond2013genetic,
  title={Genetic Matching for Estimating Causal Effects: A General Multivariate Matching Method for Achieving Balance in Observational Studies},
  author={Diamond, Alexis and Sekhon, Jasjeet S.},
  journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1162/rest_a_00318}
}

@article{dinardo1996labor,
  title={Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992: A Semiparametric Approach},
  author={DiNardo, John and Fortin, Nicole M. and Lemieux, Thomas},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1996},
  doi={10.2307/2171954}
}

@article{ding2016sensitivity,
  title={Sensitivity Analysis Without Assumptions},
  author={Ding, Peng and VanderWeele, Tyler J.},
  journal={Epidemiology},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1097/ede.0000000000000457}
}

@article{ding2017principal,
  title={Principal Stratification Analysis Using Principal Scores},
  author={Ding, Peng and Lu, Jiannan},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.1111/rssb.12191}
}

@article{doan1984forecasting,
  title={Forecasting and conditional projection using realistic prior distributions},
  author={Doan, Thomas and Litterman, Robert and Sims, Christopher},
  journal={Econometric Reviews},
  year={1984},
  doi={10.1080/07474938408800053}
}

@inproceedings{douc2005comparison,
  title={Comparison of resampling schemes for particle filtering},
  author={Douc, R. and Cappe, O.},
  booktitle={ISPA 2005. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, 2005.},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1109/ispa.2005.195385}
}

@article{dube2014spatial,
  title={A spatial Difference-in-Differences estimator to evaluate the effect of change in public mass transit systems on house prices},
  author={Dubé, Jean and Legros, Diègo and Thériault, Marius and Des Rosiers, François},
  journal={Transportation Research Part B: Methodological},
  volume={64},
  pages={24--40},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1016/j.trb.2014.02.007}
}

@article{duflo2007chapter,
  title={Chapter 61 Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit},
  author={Duflo, Esther and Glennerster, Rachel and Kremer, Michael},
  journal={Handbook of Development Economics},
  year={2007},
  doi={10.1016/s1573-4471(07)04061-2}
}

@article{engle1987integration,
  title={Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing},
  author={Engle, Robert F. and Granger, C. W. J.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1987},
  doi={10.2307/1913236}
}

@article{fairlie2005extension,
  title={An extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique to logit and probit models},
  author={Fairlie, Robert W.},
  journal={Journal of Economic and Social Measurement},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.3233/jem-2005-0259}
}

@article{ferrari2004beta,
  title={Beta Regression for Modelling Rates and Proportions},
  author={Ferrari, Silvia and Cribari-Neto, Francisco},
  journal={Journal of Applied Statistics},
  year={2004},
  doi={10.1080/0266476042000214501}
}

@article{frangakis2002principal,
  title={Principal Stratification in Causal Inference},
  author={Frangakis, Constantine E. and Rubin, Donald B.},
  journal={Biometrics},
  year={2002},
  doi={10.1111/j.0006-341x.2002.00021.x}
}

@article{freyaldenhoven2019event,
  title={Pre-event Trends in the Panel Event-Study Design},
  author={Freyaldenhoven, Simon and Hansen, Christian and Shapiro, Jesse M.},
  journal={Working paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia)},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.21799/frbp.wp.2019.27}
}

@article{gaure2013multiple,
  title={OLS with multiple high dimensional category variables},
  author={Gaure, Simen},
  journal={Computational Statistics &amp; Data Analysis},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1016/j.csda.2013.03.024}
}

@article{glynn2010introduction,
  title={An Introduction to the Augmented Inverse Propensity Weighted Estimator},
  author={Glynn, Adam N. and Quinn, Kevin M.},
  journal={Political Analysis},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1093/pan/mpp036}
}

@article{goldsmithpinkham2020bartik,
  title={Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How},
  author={Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul and Sorkin, Isaac and Swift, Henry},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1257/aer.20181047}
}

@inproceedings{gordon1993novel,
  title={Novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation},
  author={Gordon, N.J. and Salmond, D.J. and Smith, A.F.M.},
  booktitle={IEE Proceedings F Radar and Signal Processing},
  year={1993},
  doi={10.1049/ip-f-2.1993.0015}
}

@article{granger1969investigating,
  title={Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods},
  author={Granger, C. W. J.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1969},
  doi={10.2307/1912791}
}

@article{greene2005reconsidering,
  title={Reconsidering heterogeneity in panel data estimators of the stochastic frontier model},
  author={Greene, William},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2004.05.003}
}

@article{greene2008econometric,
  title={The Econometric Approach to Efficiency Analysis},
  author={Greene, William H.},
  journal={The Measurement of Productive Efficiency and Productivity Change},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183528.003.0002}
}

@article{greenland1999causal,
  title={Causal Diagrams for Epidemiologic Research},
  author={Greenland, Sander and Pearl, Judea and Robins, James M.},
  journal={Epidemiology},
  year={1999},
  doi={10.1097/00001648-199901000-00008}
}

@article{guimares2010simple,
  title={A Simple Feasible Procedure to fit Models with High-dimensional Fixed                     Effects},
  author={Guimarães, Paulo and Portugal, Pedro},
  journal={The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1177/1536867x1101000406}
}

@article{gunsilius2023distributional,
  title={Distributional Synthetic Controls},
  author={Gunsilius, F. F.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.3982/ecta18260}
}

@article{hanley1982meaning,
  title={The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.},
  author={Hanley, J A and McNeil, B J},
  journal={Radiology},
  year={1982},
  doi={10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747}
}

@article{hansen1996finite,
  title={Finite-Sample Properties of Some Alternative GMM Estimators},
  author={Hansen, Lars Peter and Heaton, John and Yaron, Amir},
  journal={Journal of Business &amp; Economic Statistics},
  year={1996},
  doi={10.1080/07350015.1996.10524656}
}

@article{hansen2014instrumental,
  title={Instrumental variables estimation with many weak instruments using regularized JIVE},
  author={Hansen, Christian and Kozbur, Damian},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2014.04.022}
}

@article{hartwig2017robust,
  title={Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption},
  author={Hartwig, Fernando Pires and Davey Smith, George and Bowden, Jack},
  journal={International Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.1093/ije/dyx102}
}

@article{hartzel2001multinomial,
  title={Multinomial logit random effects models},
  author={Hartzel, Jonathan and Agresti, Alan and Caffo, Brian},
  journal={Statistical Modelling},
  year={2001},
  doi={10.1177/1471082x0100100201}
}

@article{hastie2009elements,
  title={The Elements of Statistical Learning},
  author={Hastie, Trevor and Tibshirani, Robert and Friedman, Jerome},
  journal={Springer Series in Statistics},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7}
}

@article{hausman1977social,
  title={Social Experimentation, Truncated Distributions, and Efficient Estimation},
  author={Hausman, Jerry A. and Wise, David A.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1977},
  doi={10.2307/1912682}
}

@article{hausman1998misclassification,
  title={Misclassification of the dependent variable in a discrete-response setting},
  author={Hausman, J.A. and Abrevaya, Jason and Scott-Morton, F.M.},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1998},
  doi={10.1016/s0304-4076(98)00015-3}
}

@article{hausman2018regression,
  title={Regression Discontinuity in Time: Considerations for Empirical Applications},
  author={Hausman, Catherine and Rapson, David S.},
  journal={Annual Review of Resource Economics},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1146/annurev-resource-121517-033306}
}

@article{heckman1978dummy,
  title={Dummy Endogenous Variables in a Simultaneous Equation System},
  author={Heckman, James J.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1978},
  doi={10.2307/1909757}
}

@article{heckman1979sample,
  title={Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error},
  author={Heckman, James J.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1979},
  doi={10.2307/1912352}
}

@article{hedeker1996mixor,
  title={MIXOR: a computer program for mixed-effects ordinal regression analysis},
  author={Hedeker, Donald and Gibbons, Robert D.},
  journal={Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine},
  year={1996},
  doi={10.1016/0169-2607(96)01720-8}
}

@article{hemani2017orienting,
  title={Orienting the causal relationship between imprecisely measured traits using GWAS summary data},
  author={Hemani, Gibran and Tilling, Kate and Davey Smith, George},
  journal={PLOS Genetics},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.1371/journal.pgen.1007081}
}

@article{hirano2003efficient,
  title={Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score},
  author={Hirano, Keisuke and Imbens, Guido W. and Ridder, Geert},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.1111/1468-0262.00442}
}

@article{hodges1963estimates,
  title={Estimates of Location Based on Rank Tests},
  author={Hodges, J. L. and Lehmann, E. L.},
  journal={The Annals of Mathematical Statistics},
  year={1963},
  doi={10.1214/aoms/1177704172}
}

@article{hole2007fitting,
  title={Fitting Mixed Logit Models by Using Maximum Simulated Likelihood},
  author={Hole, Arne Risa},
  journal={The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata},
  year={2007},
  doi={10.1177/1536867x0700700306}
}

@article{horvitz1952generalization,
  title={A Generalization of Sampling Without Replacement from a Finite Universe},
  author={Horvitz, D. G. and Thompson, D. J.},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={1952},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.1952.10483446}
}

@misc{hosmer2000applied,
  title={Applied Logistic Regression},
  author={Hosmer, David W. and Lemeshow, Stanley},
  year={2000},
  doi={10.1002/0471722146}
}

@inproceedings{hsiang2010temperatures,
  title={Temperatures and cyclones strongly associated with economic production in the Caribbean and Central America},
  author={Hsiang, Solomon M.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1073/pnas.1009510107}
}

@article{imbens2008regression,
  title={Regression discontinuity designs: A guide to practice},
  author={Imbens, Guido W. and Lemieux, Thomas},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.001}
}

@article{jackson2018decomposition,
  title={Decomposition Analysis to Identify Intervention Targets for Reducing Disparities},
  author={Jackson, John W. and VanderWeele, Tyler J.},
  journal={Epidemiology},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1097/ede.0000000000000901}
}

@article{johansen1991estimation,
  title={Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models},
  author={Johansen, Soren},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1991},
  doi={10.2307/2938278}
}

@article{jondrow1982estimation,
  title={On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model},
  author={Jondrow, James and Knox Lovell, C.A. and Materov, Ivan S. and Schmidt, Peter},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1982},
  doi={10.1016/0304-4076(82)90004-5}
}

@article{kalbfleisch2002statistical,
  title={The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data},
  author={Kalbfleisch, John D. and Prentice, Ross L.},
  journal={Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics},
  year={2002},
  doi={10.1002/9781118032985}
}

@article{kelejian1998generalized,
  title={A Generalized Spatial Two-Stage Least Squares Procedure for Estimating a Spatial Autoregressive Model with Autoregressive Disturbances},
  author={Kelejian, Harry H. and Prucha, Ingmar R.},
  journal={The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics},
  year={1998},
  doi={10.1023/a:1007707430416}
}

@misc{kilian2017structural,
  title={Structural Vector Autoregressive Analysis},
  author={Kilian, Lutz and Lütkepohl, Helmut},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.1017/9781108164818}
}

@article{vankippersluis2018beyond,
  title={Beyond plausibly exogenous},
  author={van Kippersluis, Hans and Rietveld, Cornelius A.},
  journal={The Econometrics Journal},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1111/ectj.12113}
}

@article{kitagawa1955components,
  title={Components of a Difference Between Two Rates},
  author={Kitagawa, Evelyn M.},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={1955},
  doi={10.2307/2281213}
}

@article{kleibergen2003bayesian,
  title={Bayesian and classical approaches to instrumental variable regression},
  author={Kleibergen, Frank and Zivot, Eric},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.1016/s0304-4076(02)00219-1}
}

@article{kleibergen2005testing,
  title={Testing Parameters in GMM Without Assuming that They Are Identified},
  author={Kleibergen, Frank},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00610.x}
}

@article{kleibergen2006generalized,
  title={Generalized reduced rank tests using the singular value decomposition},
  author={Kleibergen, Frank and Paap, Richard},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2006},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2005.02.011}
}

@article{koenker1978regression,
  title={Regression Quantiles},
  author={Koenker, Roger and Bassett, Gilbert},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1978},
  doi={10.2307/1913643}
}

@article{kumbhakar2013zero,
  title={A zero inefficiency stochastic frontier model},
  author={Kumbhakar, Subal C. and Parmeter, Christopher F. and Tsionas, Efthymios G.},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.08.021}
}

@misc{kumbhakar2015practitioner,
  title={A Practitioner's Guide to Stochastic Frontier Analysis Using Stata},
  author={Kumbhakar, Subal C. and Wang, Hung-Jen and Horncastle, Alan},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.1017/cbo9781139342070}
}

@article{vanderlaan2006targeted,
  title={Targeted Maximum Likelihood Learning},
  author={van der Laan, Mark J. and Rubin, Daniel},
  journal={The International Journal of Biostatistics},
  volume={2},
  number={1},
  year={2006},
  doi={10.2202/1557-4679.1043}
}

@book{vanderlaan2003unified,
  title={Unified Methods for Censored Longitudinal Data and Causality},
  author={van der Laan, Mark J. and Robins, James M.},
  series={Springer Series in Statistics},
  year={2003},
  publisher={Springer New York},
  doi={10.1007/978-0-387-21700-0}
}

% NOTE: the `vanderlaan2023efficient` entry lives in the TMLE-citations
% block further down (with full volume/number/pages from the IJB record).
% The earlier entry was a duplicate; deleting it here keeps a single
% source of truth (CLAUDE.md §10). Do not write the literal at-sign +
% open-brace pattern here, because BibTeX has no line-comment marker
% and strict parsers (pybtex, bibtex-ruby used by JOSS editorialbot)
% treat any such token as a real entry start regardless of a leading %.

@article{lambert1992zero,
  title={Zero-Inflated Poisson Regression, with an Application to Defects in Manufacturing},
  author={Lambert, Diane},
  journal={Technometrics},
  year={1992},
  doi={10.2307/1269547}
}

@article{lechner2001identification,
  title={Identification and estimation of causal effects of multiple treatments under the conditional independence assumption},
  author={Lechner, Michael},
  journal={ZEW Economic Studies},
  year={2001},
  doi={10.1007/978-3-642-57615-7_3}
}

@article{lee2007identification,
  title={Identification and estimation of econometric models with group interactions, contextual factors and fixed effects},
  author={Lee, Lung-fei},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2007},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2006.07.001}
}

@article{lee2008randomized,
  title={Randomized experiments from non-random selection in U.S. House elections},
  author={Lee, David S.},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.004}
}

@article{lee2010estimation,
  title={Estimation of spatial autoregressive panel data models with fixed effects},
  author={Lee, Lung-fei and Yu, Jihai},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.08.001}
}

@article{lee2022valid,
  title={Valid t-Ratio Inference for IV},
  author={Lee, David S. and McCrary, Justin and Moreira, Marcelo J. and Porter, Jack},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  volume={112},
  number={10},
  pages={3260--3290},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.1257/aer.20211063}
}

@article{lerman1985income,
  title={Income Inequality Effects by Income Source: A New Approach and Applications to the United States},
  author={Lerman, Robert I. and Yitzhaki, Shlomo},
  journal={The Review of Economics and Statistics},
  year={1985},
  doi={10.2307/1928447}
}

@misc{lesage2009introduction,
  title={Introduction to Spatial Econometrics},
  author={LeSage, James and Pace, Robert Kelley},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.1201/9781420064254}
}

@article{levin2002unit,
  title={Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties},
  author={Levin, Andrew and Lin, Chien-Fu and James Chu, Chia-Shang},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2002},
  doi={10.1016/s0304-4076(01)00098-7}
}

@article{liang1986longitudinal,
  title={Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models},
  author={LIANG, KUNG-YEE and ZEGER, SCOTT L.},
  journal={Biometrika},
  year={1986},
  doi={10.1093/biomet/73.1.13}
}

@article{litterman1986forecasting,
  title={Forecasting with Bayesian vector autoregressions — Five years of experience},
  author={Litterman, Robert},
  journal={International Journal of Forecasting},
  year={1986},
  doi={10.1016/0169-2070(86)90100-7}
}

@article{machado2005counterfactual,
  title={Counterfactual decomposition of changes in wage distributions using quantile regression},
  author={Machado, José A. F. and Mata, José},
  journal={Journal of Applied Econometrics},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1002/jae.788}
}

@article{mackinnon2017wild,
  title={Wild Bootstrap Inference for Wildly Different Cluster Sizes},
  author={MacKinnon, James G. and Webb, Matthew D.},
  journal={Journal of Applied Econometrics},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.1002/jae.2508}
}

@misc{maddala1983limited,
  title={Limited-dependent and qualitative variables in econometrics},
  author={Maddala, G. S.},
  year={1983},
  doi={10.1017/cbo9780511810176}
}

@article{mammen1993bootstrap,
  title={Bootstrap and Wild Bootstrap for High Dimensional Linear Models},
  author={Mammen, Enno},
  journal={The Annals of Statistics},
  year={1993},
  doi={10.1214/aos/1176349025}
}

@article{manski1993identification,
  title={Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem},
  author={Manski, Charles F.},
  journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
  year={1993},
  doi={10.2307/2298123}
}

@article{mccullagh1980regression,
  title={Regression Models for Ordinal Data},
  author={McCullagh, Peter},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={1980},
  doi={10.1111/j.2517-6161.1980.tb01109.x}
}

@misc{mccullagh1989generalized,
  title={Generalized Linear Models},
  author={McCullagh, P. and Nelder, J. A.},
  year={1989},
  doi={10.1007/978-1-4899-3242-6}
}

@article{mcfadden2000mixed,
  title={Mixed MNL models for discrete response},
  author={McFadden, Daniel and Train, Kenneth},
  journal={Journal of Applied Econometrics},
  year={2000},
  doi={10.1002/1099-1255(200009/10)15:5<447::aid-jae570>3.0.co;2-1}
}

@article{mckelvey1975statistical,
  title={A statistical model for the analysis of ordinal level dependent variables},
  author={McKelvey, Richard D. and Zavoina, William},
  journal={The Journal of Mathematical Sociology},
  year={1975},
  doi={10.1080/0022250x.1975.9989847}
}

@article{meeusen1977efficiency,
  title={Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error},
  author={Meeusen, Wim and van Den Broeck, Julien},
  journal={International Economic Review},
  year={1977},
  doi={10.2307/2525757}
}

@article{melly2005decomposition,
  title={Decomposition of differences in distribution using quantile regression},
  author={Melly, Blaise},
  journal={Labour Economics},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1016/j.labeco.2005.05.006}
}

@article{mikusheva2024weak,
  title={Weak identification with many instruments},
  author={Mikusheva, Anna and Sun, Liyang},
  journal={The Econometrics Journal},
  volume={27},
  number={2},
  pages={C1--C28},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1093/ectj/utae007}
}

@article{moon2015linear,
  title={Linear Regression for Panel With Unknown Number of Factors as Interactive Fixed Effects},
  author={Moon, Hyungsik Roger and Weidner, Martin},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.3982/ecta9382}
}

@article{mullahy1986specification,
  title={Specification and testing of some modified count data models},
  author={Mullahy, John},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1986},
  doi={10.1016/0304-4076(86)90002-3}
}

@article{nevo2000practitioner,
  title={A Practitioner's Guide to Estimation of Random-Coefficients Logit Models of Demand},
  author={Nevo, Aviv},
  journal={Journal of Economics &amp; Management Strategy},
  year={2000},
  doi={10.1162/105864000567954}
}

@article{newey2003instrumental,
  title={Instrumental Variable Estimation of Nonparametric Models},
  author={Newey, Whitney K. and Powell, James L.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.1111/1468-0262.00459}
}

@article{nielsen2010estimating,
  title={Estimating the Effect of Student Aid on College Enrollment: Evidence from a Government Grant Policy Reform},
  author={Nielsen, Helena Skyt and Sørensen, Torben and Taber, Christopher},
  journal={American Economic Journal: Economic Policy},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1257/pol.2.2.185}
}

@article{olden2022triple,
  title={The triple difference estimator},
  author={Olden, Andreas and Møen, Jarle},
  journal={The Econometrics Journal},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.1093/ectj/utac010}
}

@article{olea2013robust,
  title={A Robust Test for Weak Instruments},
  author={Olea, José Luis Montiel and Pflueger, Carolin},
  journal={Journal of Business &amp; Economic Statistics},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1080/00401706.2013.806694}
}

@article{ord1975estimation,
  title={Estimation Methods for Models of Spatial Interaction},
  author={Ord, Keith},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={1975},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.1975.10480272}
}

@article{orea2004efficiency,
  title={Efficiency measurement using a latent class stochastic frontier model},
  author={Orea, Luis and Kumbhakar, Subal C.},
  journal={Empirical Economics},
  year={2004},
  doi={10.1007/s00181-003-0184-2}
}

@article{papke1996econometric,
  title={Econometric methods for fractional response variables with an application to 401(k) plan participation rates},
  author={Papke, Leslie E. and Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.},
  journal={Journal of Applied Econometrics},
  year={1996},
  doi={10.1002/(sici)1099-1255(199611)11:6<619::aid-jae418>3.0.co;2-1}
}

@article{parks1967efficient,
  title={Efficient Estimation of a System of Regression Equations when Disturbances are Both Serially and Contemporaneously Correlated},
  author={Parks, Richard W.},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={1967},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.1967.10482923}
}

@article{pitt1981measurement,
  title={The measurement and sources of technical inefficiency in the Indonesian weaving industry},
  author={Pitt, Mark M and Lee, Lung-Fei},
  journal={Journal of Development Economics},
  year={1981},
  doi={10.1016/0304-3878(81)90004-3}
}

@article{richardson2014bounds,
  title={ACE Bounds; SEMs with Equilibrium Conditions},
  author={Richardson, Thomas S. and Robins, James M.},
  journal={Statistical Science},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1214/14-sts485}
}

@article{romano2005exact,
  title={Exact and Approximate Stepdown Methods for Multiple Hypothesis Testing},
  author={Romano, Joseph P and Wolf, Michael},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1198/016214504000000539}
}

@article{romano2016efficient,
  title={Efficient Computation of Adjusted P-Values for Resampling-Based Stepdown Multiple Testing},
  author={Romano, Joseph P. and Wolf, Michael},
  journal={SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.2139/ssrn.2737429}
}

@article{roodman2009xtabond,
  title={How to do Xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata},
  author={Roodman, David},
  journal={The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.1177/1536867x0900900106}
}

@article{rosenbaum2002observational,
  title={Observational Studies},
  author={Rosenbaum, Paul R.},
  journal={Springer Series in Statistics},
  year={2002},
  doi={10.1007/978-1-4757-3692-2_1}
}

@article{rosenbaum2010design,
  title={Design of Observational Studies},
  author={Rosenbaum, Paul R.},
  journal={Springer Series in Statistics},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1007/978-1-4419-1213-8}
}

@article{rubin1987multiple,
  title={Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys},
  author={Rubin, Donald B.},
  journal={Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics},
  year={1987},
  doi={10.1002/9780470316696}
}

@article{runge2019detecting,
  title={Detecting and quantifying causal associations in large nonlinear time series datasets},
  author={Runge, Jakob and Nowack, Peer and Kretschmer, Marlene and Flaxman, Seth and Sejdinovic, Dino},
  journal={Science Advances},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1126/sciadv.aau4996}
}

@article{sanderson2016weak,
  title={A weak instrument <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:math>-test in linear IV models with multiple endogenous variables},
  author={Sanderson, Eleanor and Windmeijer, Frank},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.06.004}
}

@article{sanderson2019examination,
  title={An examination of multivariable Mendelian randomization in the single-sample and two-sample summary data settings},
  author={Sanderson, Eleanor and Davey Smith, George and Windmeijer, Frank and Bowden, Jack},
  journal={International Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1093/ije/dyy262}
}

@article{schulte2014mathbf,
  title={$\mathbf{Q}$- and $\mathbf{A}$-Learning Methods for Estimating Optimal Dynamic Treatment Regimes},
  author={Schulte, Phillip J. and Tsiatis, Anastasios A. and Laber, Eric B. and Davidian, Marie},
  journal={Statistical Science},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1214/13-sts450}
}

@article{shi2020selective,
  title={A Selective Review of Negative Control Methods in Epidemiology},
  author={Shi, Xu and Miao, Wang and Tchetgen, Eric Tchetgen},
  journal={Current Epidemiology Reports},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1007/s40471-020-00243-4}
}

@article{shorrocks1984inequality,
  title={Inequality Decomposition by Population Subgroups},
  author={Shorrocks, Anthony F.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1984},
  doi={10.2307/1913511}
}

@article{shorrocks2013decomposition,
  title={Decomposition procedures for distributional analysis: a unified framework based on the Shapley value},
  author={Shorrocks, Anthony F.},
  journal={The Journal of Economic Inequality},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1007/s10888-011-9214-z}
}

@article{snowden2011implementation,
  title={Implementation of G-Computation on a Simulated Data Set: Demonstration of a Causal Inference Technique},
  author={Snowden, Jonathan M. and Rose, Sherri and Mortimer, Kathleen M.},
  journal={American Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1093/aje/kwq472}
}

@article{staiger1997instrumental,
  title={Instrumental Variables Regression with Weak Instruments},
  author={Staiger, Douglas and Stock, James H.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1997},
  doi={10.2307/2171753}
}

@article{stevenson1980likelihood,
  title={Likelihood functions for generalized stochastic frontier estimation},
  author={Stevenson, Rodney E.},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1980},
  doi={10.1016/0304-4076(80)90042-1}
}

@article{stitelman2010collaborative,
  title={Collaborative Targeted Maximum Likelihood for Time to Event Data},
  author={Stitelman, Ori M and van der Laan, Mark J.},
  journal={The International Journal of Biostatistics},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.2202/1557-4679.1249}
}

@article{stuart2011propensity,
  title={The Use of Propensity Scores to Assess the Generalizability of Results from Randomized Trials},
  author={Stuart, Elizabeth A. and Cole, Stephen R. and Bradshaw, Catherine P. and Leaf, Philip J.},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1111/j.1467-985x.2010.00673.x}
}

@article{tarone1985heterogeneity,
  title={On Heterogeneity Tests Based on Efficient Scores},
  author={Tarone, Robert E.},
  journal={Biometrika},
  year={1985},
  doi={10.2307/2336337}
}

@misc{tchetgen2020introduction,
  title={An Introduction to Proximal Causal Learning},
  author={Tchetgen, Eric J Tchetgen and Ying, Andrew and Cui, Yifan and Shi, Xu and Miao, Wang},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1101/2020.09.21.20198762}
}

@article{tchetgentchetgen2024introduction,
  title={An Introduction to Proximal Causal Inference},
  author={Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric J. and Ying, Andrew and Cui, Yifan and Shi, Xu and Miao, Wang},
  journal={Statistical Science},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1214/23-sts911}
}

@article{therneau2000modeling,
  title={Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model},
  author={Therneau, Terry M. and Grambsch, Patricia M.},
  journal={Statistics for Biology and Health},
  year={2000},
  doi={10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8}
}

@article{tibshirani1996regression,
  title={Regression Shrinkage and Selection Via the Lasso},
  author={Tibshirani, Robert},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={1996},
  doi={10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x}
}

@article{tobin1958estimation,
  title={Estimation of Relationships for Limited Dependent Variables},
  author={Tobin, James},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1958},
  doi={10.2307/1907382}
}

@article{vansteelandt2014structural,
  title={Structural Nested Models and G-estimation: The Partially Realized Promise},
  author={Vansteelandt, Stijn and Joffe, Marshall},
  journal={Statistical Science},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1214/14-sts493}
}

@article{verbanck2018detection,
  title={Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases},
  author={Verbanck, Marie and Chen, Chia-Yen and Neale, Benjamin and Do, Ron},
  journal={Nature Genetics},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1038/s41588-018-0099-7}
}

@article{vuong1989likelihood,
  title={Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and Non-Nested Hypotheses},
  author={Vuong, Quang H.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1989},
  doi={10.2307/1912557}
}

@article{wagner2002segmented,
  title={Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research},
  author={Wagner, A. K. and Soumerai, S. B. and Zhang, F. and Ross-Degnan, D.},
  journal={Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics},
  year={2002},
  doi={10.1046/j.1365-2710.2002.00430.x}
}

@article{windmeijer2005finite,
  title={A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step GMM estimators},
  author={Windmeijer, Frank},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2004.02.005}
}

@article{woolf1955estimating,
  title={ON ESTIMATING THE RELATION BETWEEN BLOOD GROUP AND DISEASE},
  author={WOOLF, BARNET},
  journal={Annals of Human Genetics},
  year={1955},
  doi={10.1111/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01348.x}
}

@article{young2019channeling,
  title={Channeling Fisher: Randomization Tests and the Statistical Insignificance of Seemingly Significant Experimental Results*},
  author={Young, Alwyn},
  journal={The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1093/qje/qjy029}
}

@article{yun2004decomposing,
  title={Decomposing differences in the first moment},
  author={Yun, Myeong-Su},
  journal={Economics Letters},
  year={2004},
  doi={10.1016/j.econlet.2003.09.008}
}

@article{yun2005simple,
  title={A SIMPLE SOLUTION TO THE IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM IN DETAILED WAGE DECOMPOSITIONS},
  author={Yun, Myeong‐Su},
  journal={Economic Inquiry},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1093/ei/cbi053}
}

@article{zhang2003estimation,
  title={Estimation of Causal Effects via Principal Stratification When Some Outcomes are Truncated by “Death”},
  author={Zhang, Junni L. and Rubin, Donald B.},
  journal={Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.3102/10769986028004353}
}

@article{zhang2008completeness,
  title={On the completeness of orientation rules for causal discovery in the presence of latent confounders and selection bias},
  author={Zhang, Jiji},
  journal={Artificial Intelligence},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1016/j.artint.2008.08.001}
}

@article{zhou2023offline,
  title={Offline Multi-Action Policy Learning: Generalization and Optimization},
  author={Zhou, Zhengyuan and Athey, Susan and Wager, Stefan},
  journal={Operations Research},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1287/opre.2022.2271}
}

@article{zou2004modified,
  title={A Modified Poisson Regression Approach to Prospective Studies with Binary Data},
  author={Zou, G.},
  journal={American Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2004},
  doi={10.1093/aje/kwh090}
}

@article{zuber2020selecting,
  title={Selecting likely causal risk factors from high-throughput experiments using multivariable Mendelian randomization},
  author={Zuber, Verena and Colijn, Johanna Maria and Klaver, Caroline and Burgess, Stephen},
  journal={Nature Communications},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1038/s41467-019-13870-3}
}

@article{zubizarreta2015stable,
  title={Stable Weights that Balance Covariates for Estimation With Incomplete Outcome Data},
  author={Zubizarreta, José R.},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2015.1023805}
}

@article{lopezbernal2016interrupted,
  title={Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: a tutorial},
  author={Lopez Bernal, James and Cummins, Steven and Gasparrini, Antonio},
  journal={International Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1093/ije/dyw098}
}

@article{bowden2016assessing,
  title={Assessing the suitability of summary data for two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using MR-Egger regression: the role of the I2 statistic},
  author={Bowden, Jack and Del Greco M., Fabiola and Minelli, Cosetta and Davey Smith, George and Sheehan, Nuala A. and Thompson, John R.},
  journal={International Journal of Epidemiology},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1093/ije/dyw220}
}

@article{cai2020step,
  title={One‐step targeted maximum likelihood estimation for time‐to‐event outcomes},
  author={Cai, Weixin and van der Laan, Mark J.},
  journal={Biometrics},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1111/biom.13172}
}

@article{darolles2010nonparametric,
  title={Nonparametric Instrumental Regression},
  author={Darolles, Serge and Fan, Yanqin and Florens, Jean-Pierre and Renault, Eric},
  journal={SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.2139/ssrn.1338775}
}

@article{kennedy2023semiparametric,
  title={Semiparametric counterfactual density estimation},
  author={Kennedy, E H and Balakrishnan, S and Wasserman, L A},
  journal={Biometrika},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1093/biomet/asad017}
}

@misc{lundberg2020closing,
  title={The gap-closing estimand: A causal approach to study interventions that close disparities across social categories},
  author={Lundberg, Ian},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.31235/osf.io/gx4y3}
}

@article{mackinnon2023cluster,
  title={Cluster-robust inference: A guide to empirical practice},
  author={MacKinnon, James G. and Nielsen, Morten Ørregaard and Webb, Matthew D.},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2022.04.001}
}

@article{mcdermott2022etwfe,
  title={etwfe: Extended Two-Way Fixed Effects},
  author={McDermott, Grant},
  journal={CRAN: Contributed Packages},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.32614/cran.package.etwfe}
}

@article{lendle2017ltmle,
  title={ltmle: An {R} Package Implementing Targeted Minimum Loss-Based Estimation for Longitudinal Data},
  author={Lendle, Samuel D. and Schwab, Joshua and Petersen, Maya L. and van der Laan, Mark J.},
  journal={Journal of Statistical Software},
  volume={81},
  number={1},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.18637/jss.v081.i01}
}

@article{wang2019minimal,
  title={Minimal dispersion approximately balancing weights: asymptotic properties and practical considerations},
  author={Wang, Yixin and Zubizarreta, Jose R},
  journal={Biometrika},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1093/biomet/asz050}
}

@article{abadie2015comparative,
  title={Comparative Politics and the Synthetic Control Method},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and Diamond, Alexis and Hainmueller, Jens},
  journal={American Journal of Political Science},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.1111/ajps.12116}
}

@article{ado2019shift,
  title={Shift-Share Designs: Theory and Inference},
  author={Adão, Rodrigo and Kolesár, Michal and Morales, Eduardo},
  journal={The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1093/qje/qjz025}
}

@article{andrews2019weak,
  title={Weak Instruments in Instrumental Variables Regression: Theory and Practice},
  author={Andrews, Isaiah and Stock, James H. and Sun, Liyang},
  journal={Annual Review of Economics},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-025643}
}

@article{angrist2015wanna,
  title={Wanna Get Away? Regression Discontinuity Estimation of Exam School Effects Away From the Cutoff},
  author={Angrist, Joshua D. and Rokkanen, Miikka},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2015.1012259}
}

@article{aronow2017estimating,
  title={Estimating average causal effects under general interference, with application to a social network experiment},
  author={Aronow, Peter M. and Samii, Cyrus},
  journal={The Annals of Applied Statistics},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.1214/16-aoas1005}
}

@article{athey2006identification,
  title={Identification and Inference in Nonlinear Difference-in-Differences Models},
  author={Athey, Susan and Imbens, Guido W.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2006},
  doi={10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00668.x}
}

@article{belloni2011sparse,
  title={Sparse Models and Methods for Optimal Instruments with an Application to Eminent Domain},
  author={Belloni, Alexandre and Chen, Daniel and Chernozhukov, Victor and Hansen, Christian},
  journal={SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.2139/ssrn.1910169}
}

@article{belloni2014inference,
  title={Inference on Treatment Effects after Selection among High-Dimensional Controls},
  author={Belloni, A. and Chernozhukov, V. and Hansen, C.},
  journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1093/restud/rdt044}
}

@article{benmichael2021augmented,
  title={The Augmented Synthetic Control Method},
  author={Ben-Michael, Eli and Feller, Avi and Rothstein, Jesse},
  journal={SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.2139/ssrn.3861414}
}

@article{brodersen2015inferring,
  title={Inferring causal impact using Bayesian structural time-series models},
  author={Brodersen, Kay H. and Gallusser, Fabian and Koehler, Jim and Remy, Nicolas and Scott, Steven L.},
  journal={The Annals of Applied Statistics},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.1214/14-aoas788}
}

@article{cameron2011robust,
  title={Robust Inference With Multiway Clustering},
  author={Cameron, A. Colin and Gelbach, Jonah B. and Miller, Douglas L.},
  journal={Journal of Business &amp; Economic Statistics},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1198/jbes.2010.07136}
}

@misc{cameron2013regression,
  title={Regression Analysis of Count Data},
  author={Cameron, A. Colin and Trivedi, Pravin K.},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1017/cbo9781139013567}
}

@article{chernozhukov2005model,
  title={An IV Model of Quantile Treatment Effects},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Hansen, Christian},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00570.x}
}

@article{chernozhukov2021exact,
  title={An Exact and Robust Conformal Inference Method for Counterfactual and Synthetic Controls},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Wüthrich, Kaspar and Zhu, Yinchu},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2021.1920957}
}

@article{chetty2011adjustment,
  title={Adjustment Costs, Firm Responses, and Micro vs. Macro Labor Supply Elasticities: Evidence from Danish Tax Records},
  author={Chetty, R. and Friedman, J. N. and Olsen, T. and Pistaferri, L.},
  journal={The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1093/qje/qjr013}
}

@article{crump2009dealing,
  title={Dealing with limited overlap in estimation of average treatment effects},
  author={Crump, R. K. and Hotz, V. J. and Imbens, G. W. and Mitnik, O. A.},
  journal={Biometrika},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.1093/biomet/asn055}
}

@article{cui2024semiparametric,
  title={Semiparametric Proximal Causal Inference},
  author={Cui, Yifan and Pu, Hongming and Shi, Xu and Miao, Wang and Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2023.2191817}
}

@article{dehejia1999causal,
  title={Causal Effects in Nonexperimental Studies: Reevaluating the Evaluation of Training Programs},
  author={Dehejia, Rajeev H. and Wahba, Sadek},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={1999},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.1999.10473858}
}

@inproceedings{egami2023imperfect,
  title={Using Imperfect Surrogates for Downstream Inference: Design-based Supervised Learning for Social Science Applications of Large Language Models},
  author={Egami, Naoki and Hinck, Musashi and Stewart, Brandon and Wei, Hanying},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.52202/075280-3000}
}

@article{fortin2011decomposition,
  title={Decomposition Methods in Economics},
  author={Fortin, Nicole and Lemieux, Thomas and Firpo, Sergio},
  journal={Handbook of Labor Economics},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1016/s0169-7218(11)00407-2}
}

@article{fulcher2020robust,
  title={Robust Inference on Population Indirect Causal Effects: The Generalized Front Door Criterion},
  author={Fulcher, Isabel R. and Shpitser, Ilya and Marealle, Stella and Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric J.},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1111/rssb.12345}
}

@article{goodmanbacon2021difference,
  title={Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing},
  author={Goodman-Bacon, Andrew},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.03.014}
}

@article{hausman1978specification,
  title={Specification Tests in Econometrics},
  author={Hausman, J. A.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1978},
  doi={10.2307/1913827}
}

@article{horowitz2000nonparametric,
  title={Nonparametric Analysis of Randomized Experiments with Missing Covariate and Outcome Data},
  author={Horowitz, Joel L. and Manski, Charles F.},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2000},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2000.10473902}
}

@article{kennedy2017parametric,
  title={Non-parametric Methods for Doubly Robust Estimation of Continuous Treatment Effects},
  author={Kennedy, Edward H. and Ma, Zongming and McHugh, Matthew D. and Small, Dylan S.},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.1111/rssb.12212}
}

@article{vanderlaan2007super,
  title={Super Learner},
  author={van der Laan, Mark J. and Polley, Eric C and Hubbard, Alan E.},
  journal={Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology},
  year={2007},
  doi={10.2202/1544-6115.1309}
}

@article{vanderlaan2012targeted,
  title={Targeted Minimum Loss Based Estimation of Causal Effects of Multiple Time Point Interventions},
  author={van der Laan, Mark J. and Gruber, Susan},
  journal={The International Journal of Biostatistics},
  year={2012},
  doi={10.1515/1557-4679.1370}
}

@article{mackinnon2018wild,
  title={The wild bootstrap for few (treated) clusters},
  author={MacKinnon, James G. and Webb, Matthew D.},
  journal={The Econometrics Journal},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1111/ectj.12107}
}

@article{masten2021salvaging,
  title={Salvaging Falsified Instrumental Variable Models},
  author={Masten, Matthew A. and Poirier, Alexandre},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={89},
  number={3},
  pages={1449--1469},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.3982/ecta17969}
}

@article{miao2018identifying,
  title={Identifying causal effects with proxy variables of an unmeasured confounder},
  author={Miao, Wang and Geng, Zhi and Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric J},
  journal={Biometrika},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1093/biomet/asy038}
}

@article{mogstad2018instrumental,
  title={Using Instrumental Variables for Inference About Policy Relevant Treatment Parameters},
  author={Mogstad, Magne and Santos, Andres and Torgovitsky, Alexander},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.3982/ecta15463}
}

@article{murphy2003optimal,
  title={Optimal Dynamic Treatment Regimes},
  author={Murphy, S. A.},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.1111/1467-9868.00389}
}

@article{nevo2012identification,
  title={Identification With Imperfect Instruments},
  author={Nevo, Aviv and Rosen, Adam M.},
  journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
  year={2012},
  doi={10.1162/rest_a_00171}
}

@article{pearl1995causal,
  title={Causal diagrams for empirical research},
  author={PEARL, JUDEA},
  journal={Biometrika},
  year={1995},
  doi={10.1093/biomet/82.4.702}
}

@article{pesaran2004general,
  title={General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels},
  author={Pesaran, M. Hashem},
  journal={SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year={2004},
  doi={10.2139/ssrn.572504}
}

@article{roodman2019fast,
  title={Fast and wild: Bootstrap inference in Stata using boottest},
  author={Roodman, David and Nielsen, Morten Ørregaard and MacKinnon, James G. and Webb, Matthew D.},
  journal={The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1177/1536867x19830877}
}

@article{roth2022pretest,
  title={Pretest with Caution: Event-Study Estimates after Testing for Parallel Trends},
  author={Roth, Jonathan},
  journal={American Economic Review: Insights},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.1257/aeri.20210236}
}

@article{abadie2021synthetic,
  title={Using Synthetic Controls: Feasibility, Data Requirements, and Methodological Aspects},
  author={Abadie, Alberto},
  journal={Journal of Economic Literature},
  volume={59},
  number={2},
  pages={391--425},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1257/jel.20191450}
}

@article{abadie2021penalized,
  title={A Penalized Synthetic Control Estimator for Disaggregated Data},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and L’Hour, Jérémy},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={116},
  number={536},
  pages={1817--1834},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2021.1971535}
}

@article{abadiecattaneo2021introduction,
  title={Introduction to the Special Section on Synthetic Control Methods},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and Cattaneo, Matias D.},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={116},
  number={536},
  pages={1713--1715},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2021.2002600}
}

@incollection{abadievives2022synthetic,
  title={Synthetic Controls in Action},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and Vives-i-Bastida, Jaume},
  booktitle={Advances in Economics and Econometrics},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press},
  pages={195--224},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1017/9781009589727.010},
  eprint={2203.06279},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={econ.EM}
}

@article{cattaneo2025scpi,
  title={scpi: {U}ncertainty Quantification for Synthetic Control Methods},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Feng, Yingjie and Palomba, Filippo and Titiunik, Roc{\'i}o},
  journal={Journal of Statistical Software},
  volume={113},
  number={1},
  pages={1--38},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.18637/jss.v113.i01}
}

@article{liu2024practical,
  title={A Practical Guide to Counterfactual Estimators for Causal Inference with Time-Series Cross-Sectional Data},
  author={Liu, Licheng and Wang, Ye and Xu, Yiqing},
  journal={American Journal of Political Science},
  volume={68},
  number={1},
  pages={160--176},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1111/ajps.12723}
}

@article{qiu2024doubly,
  title={Doubly robust proximal synthetic controls},
  author={Qiu, Hongxiang and Shi, Xu and Miao, Wang and Dobriban, Edgar and Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric},
  journal={Biometrics},
  volume={80},
  number={2},
  pages={ujae055},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1093/biomtc/ujae055}
}

@article{clarke2024synthetic,
  title={On synthetic difference-in-differences and related estimation methods in {Stata}},
  author={Clarke, Damian and Pailañir, Daniel and Athey, Susan and Imbens, Guido},
  journal={The Stata Journal},
  volume={24},
  number={4},
  pages={557--598},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1177/1536867X241297914}
}

@article{bottmer2024design,
  title={A Design-Based Perspective on Synthetic Control Methods},
  author={Bottmer, Lea and Imbens, Guido W. and Spiess, Jann and Warnick, Merrill},
  journal={Journal of Business {\&} Economic Statistics},
  volume={42},
  number={2},
  pages={762--773},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1080/07350015.2023.2238788}
}

@article{anderson1949estimation,
  title={Estimation of the Parameters of a Single Equation in a Complete System of Stochastic Equations},
  author={Anderson, T. W. and Rubin, Herman},
  journal={The Annals of Mathematical Statistics},
  year={1949},
  doi={10.1214/aoms/1177730090}
}

@article{angrist1999jackknife,
  title={Jackknife instrumental variables estimation},
  author={Angrist, J. D. and Imbens, G. W. and Krueger, A. B.},
  journal={Journal of Applied Econometrics},
  year={1999},
  doi={10.1002/(sici)1099-1255(199901/02)14:1<57::aid-jae501>3.3.co;2-7}
}

@article{anselin1988spatial,
  title={Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models},
  author={Anselin, Luc},
  journal={Studies in Operational Regional Science},
  year={1988},
  doi={10.1007/978-94-015-7799-1}
}

@article{arellano1991some,
  title={Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations},
  author={Arellano, Manuel and Bond, Stephen},
  journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
  year={1991},
  doi={10.2307/2297968}
}

@techreport{athey2019surrogate,
  title={The Surrogate Index: Combining Short-Term Proxies to Estimate Long-Term Treatment Effects More Rapidly and Precisely},
  author={Athey, Susan and Chetty, Raj and Imbens, Guido and Kang, Hyunseung},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.3386/w26463}
}

@article{athey2019generalized,
  title={Generalized random forests},
  author={Athey, Susan and Tibshirani, Julie and Wager, Stefan},
  journal={The Annals of Statistics},
  volume={47},
  number={2},
  pages={1148--1178},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  doi={10.1214/18-aos1709}
}

@article{blundell1998initial,
  title={Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models},
  author={Blundell, Richard and Bond, Stephen},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  year={1998},
  doi={10.1016/s0304-4076(98)00009-8}
}

@article{breusch1979simple,
  title={A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation},
  author={Breusch, T. S. and Pagan, A. R.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1979},
  doi={10.2307/1911963}
}

@article{cattaneo2016interpreting,
  title={Interpreting Regression Discontinuity Designs with Multiple Cutoffs},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Keele, Luke and Titiunik, Rocío and Vazquez-Bare, Gonzalo},
  journal={The Journal of Politics},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1086/686802}
}

@article{cattaneo2016inference,
  title={Inference in Regression Discontinuity Designs under Local Randomization},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Titiunik, Rocío and Vazquez-Bare, Gonzalo},
  journal={The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1177/1536867x1601600205}
}

@misc{cattaneo2019practical,
  title={A Practical Introduction to Regression Discontinuity Designs},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Idrobo, Nicolás and Titiunik, Rocío},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1017/9781108684606}
}

@article{cattaneo2020simple,
  title={Simple Local Polynomial Density Estimators},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Jansson, Michael and Ma, Xinwei},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2019.1635480}
}

@article{chernozhukov2020generic,
  title={Generic Inference on Quantile and Quantile Effect Functions for Discrete Outcomes},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Fernández-Val, Iván and Melly, Blaise and Wüthrich, Kaspar},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2019.1611581}
}

@article{ferman2021synthetic,
  title={Synthetic controls with imperfect pretreatment fit},
  author={Ferman, Bruno and Pinto, Cristine},
  journal={Quantitative Economics},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.3982/qe1596}
}

@article{firpo2018synthetic,
  title={Synthetic Control Method: Inference, Sensitivity Analysis and Confidence Sets},
  author={Firpo, Sergio and Possebom, Vitor},
  journal={Journal of Causal Inference},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1515/jci-2016-0026}
}

@article{firpo2018decomposing,
  title={Decomposing Wage Distributions Using Recentered Influence Function Regressions},
  author={Firpo, Sergio P. and Fortin, Nicole M. and Lemieux, Thomas},
  journal={Econometrics},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.3390/econometrics6020028}
}

@article{fuller1977some,
  title={Some Properties of a Modification of the Limited Information Estimator},
  author={Fuller, Wayne A.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1977},
  doi={10.2307/1912683}
}

@article{hainmueller2012entropy,
  title={Entropy Balancing for Causal Effects: A Multivariate Reweighting Method to Produce Balanced Samples in Observational Studies},
  author={Hainmueller, Jens},
  journal={Political Analysis},
  year={2012},
  doi={10.1093/pan/mpr025}
}

@article{hansen1982large,
  title={Large Sample Properties of Generalized Method of Moments Estimators},
  author={Hansen, Lars Peter},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1982},
  doi={10.2307/1912775}
}

@techreport{heckman2005structural,
  title={Structural Equations, Treatment Effects and Econometric Policy Evaluation},
  author={Heckman, James and Vytlacil, Edward},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.3386/w11259}
}

@article{imai2010general,
  title={A general approach to causal mediation analysis.},
  author={Imai, Kosuke and Keele, Luke and Tingley, Dustin},
  journal={Psychological Methods},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1037/a0020761}
}

@article{imai2010identification,
  title={Identification, Inference and Sensitivity Analysis for Causal Mediation Effects},
  author={Imai, Kosuke and Keele, Luke and Yamamoto, Teppei},
  journal={Statistical Science},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1214/10-sts321}
}

@article{kleibergen2002pivotal,
  title={Pivotal Statistics for Testing Structural Parameters in Instrumental Variables Regression},
  author={Kleibergen, Frank},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2002},
  doi={10.1111/1468-0262.00353}
}

@article{moreira2003conditional,
  title={A Conditional Likelihood Ratio Test for Structural Models},
  author={Moreira, Marcelo J.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.1111/1468-0262.00438}
}

@article{nie2021quasi,
  title={Quasi-oracle estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects},
  author={Nie, Xinkun and Wager, Stefan},
  journal={Biometrika},
  volume={108},
  number={2},
  pages={299--319},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi={10.1093/biomet/asaa076}
}

@article{nie2021learning,
  title={Learning When-to-Treat Policies},
  author={Nie, Xinkun and Brunskill, Emma and Wager, Stefan},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2020.1831925}
}

@article{ramsey1969tests,
  title={Tests for Specification Errors in Classical Linear Least-Squares Regression Analysis},
  author={Ramsey, J. B.},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology},
  year={1969},
  doi={10.1111/j.2517-6161.1969.tb00796.x}
}

@article{robins1994correcting,
  title={Correcting for non-compliance in randomized trials using structural nested mean models},
  author={Robins, James M.},
  journal={Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods},
  year={1994},
  doi={10.1080/03610929408831393}
}

@article{robins1994estimation,
  title={Estimation of Regression Coefficients When Some Regressors are not Always Observed},
  author={Robins, James M. and Rotnitzky, Andrea and Zhao, Lue Ping},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={1994},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.1994.10476818}
}

@article{robins2000correcting,
  title={Correcting for Noncompliance and Dependent Censoring in an AIDS Clinical Trial with Inverse Probability of Censoring Weighted (IPCW) Log‐Rank Tests},
  author={Robins, James M. and Finkelstein, Dianne M.},
  journal={Biometrics},
  year={2000},
  doi={10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00779.x}
}

@article{robins2000marginal,
  title={Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology},
  author={Robins, James M. and Hernán, Miguel Ángel and Brumback, Babette},
  journal={Epidemiology},
  year={2000},
  doi={10.1097/00001648-200009000-00011}
}

@article{stock2005testing,
  title={Testing for Weak Instruments in Linear IV Regression},
  author={Stock, James H. and Yogo, Motohiro},
  journal={Identification and Inference for Econometric Models},
  year={2005},
  doi={10.1017/cbo9780511614491.006}
}

@article{vanderweele2014effect,
  title={Effect Decomposition in the Presence of an Exposure-Induced Mediator-Outcome Confounder},
  author={VanderWeele, Tyler J. and Vansteelandt, Stijn and Robins, James M.},
  journal={Epidemiology},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1097/ede.0000000000000034}
}

@article{white1980heteroskedasticity,
  title={A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity},
  author={White, Halbert},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1980},
  doi={10.2307/1912934}
}

@article{zellner1962three,
  title={Three-Stage Least Squares: Simultaneous Estimation of Simultaneous Equations},
  author={Zellner, Arnold and Theil, H.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  year={1962},
  doi={10.2307/1911287}
}

@article{zellner1962efficient,
  title={An Efficient Method of Estimating Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Tests for Aggregation Bias},
  author={Zellner, Arnold},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year={1962},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.1962.10480664}
}

@misc{arkhangelsky2024sequential,
  title={Sequential Synthetic Difference in Differences},
  author={Arkhangelsky, Dmitry and Samkov, Aleksei},
  year={2024},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2404.00164}
}

@misc{chemingui2025online,
  title={Online Optimization for Offline Safe Reinforcement Learning},
  author={Chemingui, Yassine and Deshwal, Aryan and Fern, Alan and Nguyen-Tang, Thanh and Doppa, Janardhan Rao},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2510.22027}
}

@misc{ditraglia2025bayesian,
  title={Bayesian Double Machine Learning for Causal Inference},
  author={DiTraglia, Francis J. and Liu, Laura},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2508.12688}
}

@misc{gardner2022stage,
  title={Two-stage differences in differences},
  author={Gardner, John},
  year={2022},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2207.05943}
}

@misc{park2026shift,
  title={Shift-Share Designs in Political Science},
  author={Park, Peter Kyungtae},
  year={2026},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2603.00135}
}

@misc{efron1993introduction,
  title={An Introduction to the Bootstrap},
  author={Efron, Bradley and Tibshirani, Robert J.},
  year={1993},
  doi={10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9}
}

@article{fisher1936design,
  title={Design of Experiments},
  author={Fisher, R. A.},
  journal={BMJ},
  year={1936},
  doi={10.1136/bmj.1.3923.554-a}
}

@article{vanderweele2014unification,
  title={A Unification of Mediation and Interaction},
  author={VanderWeele, Tyler J.},
  journal={Epidemiology},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1097/ede.0000000000000121}
}

@techreport{goldsmith2020bartik,
  title={Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How},
  author={Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul and Sorkin, Isaac and Swift, Henry},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.3386/w24408}
}

@misc{wooldridge2021two,
  title={Two-Way Fixed Effects, the Two-Way Mundlak Regression, and Difference-in-Differences Estimators},
  author={Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.},
  journal={SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.2139/ssrn.3906345}
}

@article{robins1986new,
  title={A new approach to causal inference in mortality studies with a sustained exposure period—application to control of the healthy worker survivor effect},
  author={Robins, James},
  journal={Mathematical Modelling},
  volume={7},
  number={9-12},
  pages={1393-1512},
  year={1986},
  doi={10.1016/0270-0255(86)90088-6}
}

@article{abadie2006large,
  title={Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and Imbens, Guido W.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={74},
  number={1},
  pages={235-267},
  year={2006},
  doi={10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00655.x}
}

@article{sun2023multiple,
  title={Using Multiple Outcomes to Improve the Synthetic Control Method},
  author={Sun, Liyang and Ben-Michael, Eli and Feller, Avi},
  journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
  pages={1-29},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1162/rest_a_01592}
}

@misc{did_misclassified2025,
  title={Staggered Adoption DiD Designs with Misclassification and Anticipation},
  author={Augustin, Clara and Gutknecht, Daniel and Liu, Cenchen},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.20415},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2507.20415}
}

@article{santanna2020doubly,
  title={Doubly Robust Difference-in-Differences Estimators},
  author={Sant'Anna, Pedro H.C. and Zhao, Jun},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  volume={219},
  number={1},
  pages={101--122},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  eprint={1812.01723},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.06.003}
}

@article{cohort_anchored2025,
  title={Cohort-Anchored Robust Inference for Event-Study with Staggered Adoption},
  author={Anonymous},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.01829},
  year={2025}
}

@article{design_robust_es2026,
  title={Design-Robust Event-Study Estimation under Staggered Adoption: Diagnostics, Sensitivity, and Orthogonalisation},
  author={Anonymous},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.18801},
  year={2026}
}

@article{bell2002bias,
  title={Bias Reduction in Standard Errors for Linear Regression with Multi-Stage Samples},
  author={Bell, Robert M. and McCaffrey, Daniel F.},
  journal={Survey Methodology},
  volume={28},
  number={2},
  pages={169--181},
  year={2002}
}

@article{min2025regression,
  title={A regression-based approach for bidirectional proximal causal inference in the presence of unmeasured confounding},
  author={Min, Jiaqi and Zhang, Xueyue and Luo, Shanshan},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.13965},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2507.13965}
}

@article{yu2025fortified,
  title={Fortified Proximal Causal Inference with Many Invalid Proxies},
  author={Yu, Myeonghun and Shi, Xu and Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric J.},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.13152},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2506.13152}
}

@article{olivas2025proximal,
  title={Proximal Causal Inference for Modified Treatment Policies},
  author={Olivas-Martinez, Antonio and Gilbert, Peter B. and Rotnitzky, Andrea},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.12038},
  year={2025}
}

@book{train2009discrete,
  title={Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation},
  author={Train, Kenneth E.},
  year={2009},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press}
}

@article{wuthrich2025forests,
  title={Forests for Differences: Robust Causal Inference Beyond Parametric DiD},
  author={W{\"u}thrich, Kaspar and Zhu, Yinchu},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.09706},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2505.09706}
}

@article{buchanan2018generalizing,
  title={Generalizing evidence from randomized trials using inverse probability of sampling weights},
  author={Buchanan, Ashley L. and Hudgens, Michael G. and Cole, Stephen R. and others},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A},
  volume={181},
  number={4},
  pages={1193--1209},
  year={2018}
}

@article{breslow1993,
  title={Approximate Inference in Generalized Linear Mixed Models},
  author={Breslow, N. E. and Clayton, D. G.},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={88},
  pages={9--25},
  year={1993}
}

@book{mcculloch2008,
  title={Generalized, Linear, and Mixed Models},
  author={McCulloch, Charles E. and Searle, Shayle R. and Neuhaus, John M.},
  edition={2nd},
  publisher={Wiley},
  year={2008}
}

@article{nakagawa2013,
  title={A general and simple method for obtaining R² from generalized linear mixed-effects models},
  author={Nakagawa, Shinichi and Schielzeth, Holger},
  journal={Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
  volume={4},
  pages={133--142},
  year={2013}
}

@article{im2003testing,
  title={Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels},
  author={Im, Kyung So and Pesaran, M. Hashem and Shin, Yongcheol},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  volume={115},
  number={1},
  pages={53--74},
  year={2003},
  doi={10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7}
}

@article{hernan2016using,
  title={Using Big Data to Emulate a Target Trial When a Randomized Trial Is Not Available},
  author={Hern{\'a}n, Miguel A. and Robins, James M.},
  journal={American Journal of Epidemiology},
  volume={183},
  number={8},
  pages={758--764},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1093/aje/kwv254}
}

@book{scholkopf2002learning,
  title={Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond},
  author={Sch{\"o}lkopf, Bernhard and Smola, Alexander J.},
  publisher={MIT Press},
  year={2002},
  isbn={978-0-262-19475-4}
}

@inproceedings{dudik2011doubly,
  title={Doubly Robust Policy Evaluation and Learning},
  author={Dud{\'\i}k, Miroslav and Langford, John and Li, Lihong},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1103.4601}
}

@inproceedings{xu2021learning,
  title={Learning Deep Features in Instrumental Variable Regression},
  author={Xu, Liyuan and Chen, Yutian and Srinivasan, Siddarth and de Freitas, Nando and Doucet, Arnaud and Gretton, Arthur},
  booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2010.07154}
}

@article{li2024forward,
  title={A Simple Forward Difference-in-Differences Method},
  author={Li, Kathleen T.},
  journal={Marketing Science},
  volume={43},
  number={2},
  pages={267--279},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1287/mksc.2022.0212}
}

@techreport{berge2018efficient,
  title={Efficient estimation of maximum likelihood models with multiple fixed-effects: the {R} package {FENmlm}},
  author={Berg{\'e}, Laurent},
  institution={DEM Discussion Paper, Department of Economics, University of Luxembourg},
  number={18-13},
  year={2018}
}

@article{jo2009use,
  title={On the use of propensity scores in principal causal effect estimation},
  author={Jo, Booil and Stuart, Elizabeth A.},
  journal={Statistics in Medicine},
  volume={28},
  number={23},
  pages={2857--2875},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.1002/sim.3669}
}

@article{li2019addressing,
  title={Addressing Extreme Propensity Scores via the Overlap Weights},
  author={Li, Fan and Thomas, Laine E. and Li, Fan},
  journal={American Journal of Epidemiology},
  volume={188},
  number={1},
  pages={250--257},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1093/aje/kwy201}
}

@inproceedings{muandet2020dual,
  title={Dual Instrumental Variable Regression},
  author={Muandet, Krikamol and Mehrjou, Arash and Lee, Si Kai and Raj, Anant},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33 (NeurIPS)},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1910.12358}
}

@article{odonnell2008metafrontier,
  title={Metafrontier frameworks for the study of firm-level efficiencies and technology ratios},
  author={O'Donnell, Christopher J. and Rao, D. S. Prasada and Battese, George E.},
  journal={Empirical Economics},
  volume={34},
  number={2},
  pages={231--255},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1007/s00181-007-0119-4}
}

@inproceedings{spirtes1995causal,
  title={Causal Inference in the Presence of Latent Variables and Selection Bias},
  author={Spirtes, Peter and Meek, Christopher and Richardson, Thomas},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI)},
  pages={499--506},
  year={1995},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1302.4983}
}

@inproceedings{tibshirani2019conformal,
  title={Conformal Prediction Under Covariate Shift},
  author={Tibshirani, Ryan J. and Barber, Rina Foygel and Cand{\`e}s, Emmanuel J. and Ramdas, Aaditya},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32 (NeurIPS)},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1904.06019}
}

@article{li2018balancing,
  title={Balancing Covariates via Propensity Score Weighting},
  author={Li, Fan and Morgan, Kari Lock and Zaslavsky, Alan M.},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={113},
  number={521},
  pages={390--400},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2016.1260466}
}

@inproceedings{pamfil2020dynotears,
  title={{DYNOTEARS}: Structure Learning from Time-Series Data},
  author={Pamfil, Roxana and Sriwattanaworachai, Nisara and Desai, Shaan and Pilgerstorfer, Philip and Georgatzis, Konstantinos and Beaumont, Paul and Aragam, Bryon},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), PMLR 108},
  pages={1595--1605},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2002.00498}
}

@misc{vives2024bayesian,
  title={Bayesian and Frequentist Inference for Synthetic Controls},
  author={Martinez, Ignacio and Vives-i-Bastida, Jaume},
  year={2024},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.01779},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2206.01779}
}

@article{amjad2018robust,
  title={Robust Synthetic Control},
  author={Amjad, Muhammad and Shah, Devavrat and Shen, Dennis},
  journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={19},
  number={22},
  pages={1--51},
  year={2018},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1711.06940}
}

@incollection{anselin1998spatial,
  title={Spatial Dependence in Linear Regression Models with an Introduction to Spatial Econometrics},
  author={Anselin, Luc and Bera, Anil K.},
  booktitle={Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics},
  editor={Ullah, A. and Giles, D. E. A.},
  publisher={Marcel Dekker},
  pages={237--289},
  year={1998},
  doi={10.1201/9781482269901-36}
}

@misc{greathouse2024fdid,
  title={Estimating Forward Difference-in-Differences in {Stata}},
  author={Greathouse, Jared},
  howpublished={Stata Journal preprint},
  year={2024},
  url={https://jgreathouse9.github.io/publications/FDIDSJ.pdf}
}

@misc{stepner2013binscatter,
  title={binscatter: {Stata} module to generate binned scatterplots},
  author={Stepner, Michael},
  howpublished={Statistical Software Components, Boston College},
  year={2013}
}

@article{abadie2011bias,
  title={Bias-Corrected Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and Imbens, Guido W.},
  journal={Journal of Business \& Economic Statistics},
  volume={29},
  number={1},
  pages={1--11},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1198/jbes.2009.07333}
}

@book{cunningham2021causal,
  title={Causal Inference: The Mixtape},
  author={Cunningham, Scott},
  publisher={Yale University Press},
  year={2021},
  isbn={978-0-300-25168-5}
}

@book{wooldridge2010econometric,
  title={Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data},
  author={Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.},
  publisher={MIT Press},
  edition={2nd},
  year={2010},
  isbn={978-0-262-23258-6}
}

@book{cameron2005microeconometrics,
  title={Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications},
  author={Cameron, A. Colin and Trivedi, Pravin K.},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press},
  year={2005},
  isbn={978-0-521-84805-3}
}

@book{pearl2009causality,
  title={Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference},
  author={Pearl, Judea},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press},
  edition={2nd},
  year={2009},
  isbn={978-0-521-89560-6}
}

@article{santosilva2006log,
  title={The Log of Gravity},
  author={Santos Silva, J. M. C. and Tenreyro, Silvana},
  journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
  volume={88},
  number={4},
  pages={641--658},
  year={2006},
  doi={10.1162/rest.88.4.641}
}

@article{swaminathan2015counterfactual,
  title={Counterfactual Risk Minimization: Learning from Logged Bandit Feedback},
  author={Swaminathan, Adith and Joachims, Thorsten},
  journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={16},
  pages={1731--1755},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1502.02362}
}

@inproceedings{kusner2017counterfactual,
  title={Counterfactual Fairness},
  author={Kusner, Matt J. and Loftus, Joshua R. and Russell, Chris and Silva, Ricardo},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (NeurIPS)},
  year={2017},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1703.06856}
}

@inproceedings{egami2024using,
  title={Using Imperfect Surrogates for Downstream Inference: Design-based Supervised Learning for Social Science Applications of Large Language Models},
  author={Egami, Naoki and Hinck, Musashi and Stewart, Brandon M. and Wei, Hanying},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 (NeurIPS 2023)},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2306.04746}
}

@inproceedings{veitch2019adapting,
  title={Adapting Text Embeddings for Causal Inference},
  author={Veitch, Victor and Sridhar, Dhanya and Blei, David M.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 36th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), PMLR 124},
  pages={919--928},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1905.12741}
}

@article{yadlowsky2021evaluating,
  title={Evaluating Treatment Prioritization Rules via Rank-Weighted Average Treatment Effects},
  author={Yadlowsky, Steve and Fleming, Scott and Shah, Nigam and Brunskill, Emma and Wager, Stefan},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association (forthcoming)},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2111.07966}
}

@article{iacus2012causal,
  title={Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching},
  author={Iacus, Stefano M. and King, Gary and Porro, Giuseppe},
  journal={Political Analysis},
  volume={20},
  number={1},
  pages={1--24},
  year={2012},
  doi={10.1093/pan/mpr013}
}

@misc{kiciman2023causal,
  title={Causal Reasoning and Large Language Models: Opening a New Frontier for Causality},
  author={K{\i}c{\i}man, Emre and Ness, Robert and Sharma, Amit and Tan, Chenhao},
  year={2023},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.00050},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2305.00050}
}

@article{belloni2012sparse,
  title={Sparse Models and Methods for Optimal Instruments With an Application to Eminent Domain},
  author={Belloni, Alexandre and Chen, Daniel and Chernozhukov, Victor and Hansen, Christian},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={80},
  number={6},
  pages={2369--2429},
  year={2012},
  doi={10.3982/ECTA9626}
}

@article{chernozhukov2013inference,
  title={Inference on Counterfactual Distributions},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Fern{\'a}ndez-Val, Iv{\'a}n and Melly, Blaise},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={81},
  number={6},
  pages={2205--2268},
  year={2013},
  doi={10.3982/ECTA10582}
}

@misc{long2023causal,
  title={Causal Discovery with Language Models as Imperfect Experts},
  author={Long, Stephanie and Pich{\'e}, Alexandre and Zantedeschi, Valentina and Schuster, Tibor and Drouin, Alexandre},
  year={2023},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.02390},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2307.02390}
}

@misc{chen2024counterfactual,
  title={Counterfactual Fairness through Transforming Data Orthogonal to Bias},
  author={Chen, Shuyi and Zhu, Shixiang},
  year={2024},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.17852},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2403.17852}
}

@misc{prevot2025hierarchical,
  title={A hierarchical modelling approach for Bayesian Causal Forests on longitudinal data: A Case Study in Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trials},
  author={Prevot, Emma and H{\"a}ring, Dieter A. and Nichols, Thomas E. and Holmes, Chris C. and Ganjgahi, Habib},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.08418},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2508.08418}
}

@misc{abadie2025synthetic,
  title={Synthetic Controls for Experimental Design},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and Zhao, Jinglong},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.02196 (v5, April 2025)},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2108.02196}
}

@article{acemoglu2001consequences,
  title={Consequences of Employment Protection? The Case of the {Americans with Disabilities Act}},
  author={Acemoglu, Daron and Angrist, Joshua D.},
  journal={Journal of Political Economy},
  volume={109},
  number={5},
  pages={915--957},
  year={2001},
  doi={10.1086/322836}
}

@misc{han2025synthetic,
  title={Synthetic Survival Control: Extending Synthetic Controls for ``When-If'' Decision},
  author={Han, Jessy Xinyi and Shah, Devavrat},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.14133},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2511.14133}
}

@misc{peng2024local,
  title={Local Balance Calibration for Nonparametric Propensity Score Estimation},
  author={Peng, Maosen and Li, Yan and Wu, Chong and Li, Liang},
  year={2024},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.04794},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2404.04794}
}

@article{austin2011introduction,
  title={An Introduction to Propensity Score Methods for Reducing the Effects of Confounding in Observational Studies},
  author={Austin, Peter C.},
  journal={Multivariate Behavioral Research},
  volume={46},
  number={3},
  pages={399--424},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1080/00273171.2011.568786}
}

@article{bai2009panel,
  title={Panel Data Models With Interactive Fixed Effects},
  author={Bai, Jushan},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={77},
  number={4},
  pages={1229--1279},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.3982/ECTA6135}
}

@inproceedings{bennett2019deep,
  title={Deep Generalized Method of Moments for Instrumental Variable Analysis},
  author={Bennett, Andrew and Kallus, Nathan and Schnabel, Tobias},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32 (NeurIPS)},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1905.12495}
}

@book{breslow1980statistical,
  title={Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume I: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies},
  author={Breslow, Norman E. and Day, Nicholas E.},
  publisher={IARC Scientific Publications No.~32, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon},
  year={1980},
  isbn={978-92-832-0132-3}
}

@article{breusch1978testing,
  title={Testing for Autocorrelation in Dynamic Linear Models},
  author={Breusch, T. S.},
  journal={Australian Economic Papers},
  volume={17},
  number={31},
  pages={334--355},
  year={1978},
  doi={10.1111/j.1467-8454.1978.tb00635.x}
}

@article{cameron2015practitioner,
  title={A Practitioner's Guide to Cluster-Robust Inference},
  author={Cameron, A. Colin and Miller, Douglas L.},
  journal={Journal of Human Resources},
  volume={50},
  number={2},
  pages={317--372},
  year={2015},
  doi={10.3368/jhr.50.2.317}
}

@techreport{card1995using,
  title={Using Geographic Variation in College Proximity to Estimate the Return to Schooling},
  author={Card, David},
  institution={National Bureau of Economic Research},
  type={NBER Working Paper},
  number={4483},
  year={1993},
  doi={10.3386/w4483}
}

@article{colombo2014order,
  title={Order-Independent Constraint-Based Causal Structure Learning},
  author={Colombo, Diego and Maathuis, Marloes H.},
  journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={15},
  pages={3921--3962},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1211.3295}
}

@techreport{correia2015singletons,
  title={Singletons, Cluster-Robust Standard Errors and Fixed Effects: A Bad Mix},
  author={Correia, Sergio},
  institution={Working paper, scorreia.com},
  year={2015},
  url={https://scorreia.com/research/singletons.pdf}
}

@techreport{correia2017linear,
  title={Linear Models with High-Dimensional Fixed Effects: An Efficient and Feasible Estimator},
  author={Correia, Sergio},
  institution={Working paper, scorreia.com},
  year={2017},
  url={https://scorreia.com/research/hdfe.pdf}
}

@article{dahabreh2020extending,
  title={Extending inferences from a randomized trial to a new target population},
  author={Dahabreh, Issa J. and Robertson, Sarah E. and Ste{\"a}ngle, Jon A. and Stuart, Elizabeth A. and Hern{\'a}n, Miguel A.},
  journal={Statistics in Medicine},
  volume={39},
  number={14},
  pages={1999--2014},
  year={2020}
}

@misc{yang2025integrating,
  title={Integrating {RCTs}, {RWD}, {AI}/{ML} and Statistics: Next-Generation Evidence Synthesis},
  author={Yang, Shu and Gamalo, Margaret and Fu, Haoda},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.19735},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2511.19735}
}

@article{darolles2011nonparametric,
  title={Nonparametric Instrumental Regression},
  author={Darolles, S. and Fan, Y. and Florens, J.-P. and Renault, E.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={79},
  number={5},
  pages={1541--1565},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.3982/ECTA6539}
}

@techreport{dasgupta1993standardization,
  title={Standardization and Decomposition of Rates: A User's Manual},
  author={Das Gupta, Prithwis},
  institution={U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports},
  number={P23-186},
  year={1993},
  url={https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1993/demo/p23-186.html}
}

@book{duchateau2008frailty,
  title={The Frailty Model},
  author={Duchateau, Luc and Janssen, Paul},
  publisher={Springer},
  series={Statistics for Biology and Health},
  year={2008},
  isbn={978-0-387-72834-6},
  doi={10.1007/978-0-387-72835-3}
}

@book{elhorst2014spatial,
  title={Spatial Econometrics: From Cross-Sectional Data to Spatial Panels},
  author={Elhorst, J. Paul},
  publisher={Springer},
  series={SpringerBriefs in Regional Science},
  year={2014},
  isbn={978-3-642-40339-2},
  doi={10.1007/978-3-642-40340-8}
}

@book{fan1996local,
  title={Local Polynomial Modelling and Its Applications},
  author={Fan, Jianqing and Gijbels, Ir{\`e}ne},
  publisher={Chapman \& Hall/CRC},
  series={Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability},
  number={66},
  year={1996},
  isbn={978-0-412-98321-4}
}

@article{fare1992productivity,
  title={Productivity changes in {Swedish} pharmacies 1980--1989: A non-parametric {Malmquist} approach},
  author={F{\"a}re, Rolf and Grosskopf, Shawna and Lindgren, Bj{\"o}rn and Roos, Pontus},
  journal={Journal of Productivity Analysis},
  volume={3},
  number={1-2},
  pages={85--101},
  year={1992},
  doi={10.1007/BF00158770},
  note={Also reprinted in Fried, Lovell \& Schmidt (eds.), Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology and Applications, 1994}
}

@article{firpo2009unconditional,
  title={Unconditional Quantile Regressions},
  author={Firpo, Sergio and Fortin, Nicole M. and Lemieux, Thomas},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={77},
  number={3},
  pages={953--973},
  year={2009},
  doi={10.3982/ECTA6822}
}

@book{fisher1935design,
  title={The Design of Experiments},
  author={Fisher, Ronald A.},
  publisher={Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh},
  year={1935}
}

@article{imai2014covariate,
  title={Covariate Balancing Propensity Score},
  author={Imai, Kosuke and Ratkovic, Marc},
  journal={Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B},
  volume={76},
  number={1},
  pages={243--263},
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1111/rssb.12027},
  note={Fong, Ratkovic \& Imai are the CBPS R package maintainers (https://github.com/kosukeimai/CBPS)}
}

@inproceedings{li2025confounding,
  title={Confounding Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Causal Approach},
  author={Li, Mingxuan and Zhang, Junzhe and Bareinboim, Elias},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2025)},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2510.21110}
}

@inproceedings{gerhardus2020high,
  title={High-recall causal discovery for autocorrelated time series with latent confounders},
  author={Gerhardus, Andreas and Runge, Jakob},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33 (NeurIPS)},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2007.01884}
}

@article{godfrey1978testing,
  title={Testing Against General Autoregressive and Moving Average Error Models when the Regressors Include Lagged Dependent Variables},
  author={Godfrey, Leslie G.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={46},
  number={6},
  pages={1293--1301},
  year={1978},
  doi={10.2307/1913829}
}

@article{gruber1994incidence,
  title={The Incidence of Mandated Maternity Benefits},
  author={Gruber, Jonathan},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  volume={84},
  number={3},
  pages={622--641},
  year={1994}
}

@book{hardin2007generalized,
  title={Generalized Linear Models and Extensions},
  author={Hardin, James W. and Hilbe, Joseph M.},
  publisher={Stata Press},
  edition={2nd},
  year={2007},
  isbn={978-1-59718-014-6}
}

@inproceedings{hardt2016equality,
  title={Equality of Opportunity in Supervised Learning},
  author={Hardt, Moritz and Price, Eric and Srebro, Nathan},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (NeurIPS)},
  pages={3323--3331},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1610.02413}
}

@book{hernan2020causal,
  title={Causal Inference: What If},
  author={Hern{\'a}n, Miguel A. and Robins, James M.},
  publisher={Chapman \& Hall/CRC},
  year={2020},
  isbn={978-1-4200-7616-5}
}

@article{holm1979simple,
  title={A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure},
  author={Holm, Sture},
  journal={Scandinavian Journal of Statistics},
  volume={6},
  number={2},
  pages={65--70},
  year={1979}
}

@misc{balgi2025sensitivity,
  title={Sensitivity Analysis to Unobserved Confounding with Copula-based Normalizing Flows},
  author={Balgi, Sourabh and Braun, Marc and Pe{\~n}a, Jose M. and Daoud, Adel},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.08752},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2508.08752}
}

@article{king2019why,
  title={Why Propensity Scores Should Not Be Used for Matching},
  author={King, Gary and Nielsen, Richard},
  journal={Political Analysis},
  volume={27},
  number={4},
  pages={435--454},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1017/pan.2019.11}
}

@book{klein2003survival,
  title={Survival Analysis: Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data},
  author={Klein, John P. and Moeschberger, Melvin L.},
  publisher={Springer},
  edition={2nd},
  series={Statistics for Biology and Health},
  year={2003},
  isbn={0-387-95399-X},
  doi={10.1007/b97377}
}

@book{koenker2005quantile,
  title={Quantile Regression},
  author={Koenker, Roger},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press},
  series={Econometric Society Monographs No.~38},
  year={2005},
  isbn={978-0-521-84573-1}
}

@techreport{kolesar2013estimation,
  title={Estimation in an Instrumental Variables Model with Treatment Effect Heterogeneity},
  author={Koles{\'a}r, Michal},
  institution={Princeton University, Department of Economics Working Paper},
  number={2013-2},
  year={2013}
}

@article{lalonde1986evaluating,
  title={Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of Training Programs with Experimental Data},
  author={LaLonde, Robert J.},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  volume={76},
  number={4},
  pages={604--620},
  year={1986}
}

@article{lipsitch2010negative,
  title={Negative Controls: A Tool for Detecting Confounding and Bias in Observational Studies},
  author={Lipsitch, Marc and Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric and Cohen, Ted},
  journal={Epidemiology},
  volume={21},
  number={3},
  pages={383--388},
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb}
}

@book{lutkepohl2005new,
  title={New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis},
  author={L{\"u}tkepohl, Helmut},
  publisher={Springer},
  year={2005},
  isbn={978-3-540-40172-8},
  doi={10.1007/978-3-540-27752-1}
}

@article{mantel1959statistical,
  title={Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data from Retrospective Studies of Disease},
  author={Mantel, Nathan and Haenszel, William},
  journal={Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
  volume={22},
  number={4},
  pages={719--748},
  year={1959},
  doi={10.1093/jnci/22.4.719}
}

@misc{schroder2024conformal,
  title={Conformal Prediction for Causal Effects of Continuous Treatments},
  author={Schr{\"o}der, Maresa and Frauen, Dennis and Schweisthal, Jonas and He{\ss}, Konstantin and Melnychuk, Valentyn and Feuerriegel, Stefan},
  year={2024},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.03094 (accepted NeurIPS 2025)},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2407.03094}
}

@misc{fang2025inward,
  title={Inward and Outward Spillover Effects of One Unit's Treatment on Network Neighbors under Partial Interference},
  author={Fang, Fei and Airoldi, Edoardo M. and Forastiere, Laura},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.06615},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2506.06615}
}

@misc{wu2025estimating,
  title={Estimating Heterogeneous Causal Effect on Networks via Orthogonal Learning},
  author={Wu, Yuanchen and Yuan, Yubai},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.18484},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2509.18484}
}

@misc{cunha2025unifying,
  title={Unifying Causal Reinforcement Learning: Survey, Taxonomy, Algorithms and Applications},
  author={Cunha, Cristiano da Costa and Liu, Wei and French, Tim and Mian, Ajmal},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.18135},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2512.18135}
}

@misc{hu2025nonparametric,
  title={Nonparametric Sensitivity Analysis for Unobserved Confounding with Survival Outcomes},
  author={Hu, Rui and Westling, Ted},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.01412},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2511.01412}
}

@misc{baitairian2025calibrating,
  title={Calibrating confounding strength in sensitivity models for weighting estimators: a comparative review and a new method},
  author={Baitairian, Jean-Baptiste and Sebastien, Bernard and Jreich, Rana and Katsahian, Sandrine and Guilloux, Agathe},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.16560},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2510.16560}
}

@article{jarque1987test,
  title={A Test for Normality of Observations and Regression Residuals},
  author={Jarque, Carlos M. and Bera, Anil K.},
  journal={International Statistical Review},
  volume={55},
  number={2},
  pages={163--172},
  year={1987},
  doi={10.2307/1403192}
}

@article{mcfadden1974conditional,
  title={Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior},
  author={McFadden, Daniel},
  booktitle={Frontiers in Econometrics},
  editor={Zarembka, P.},
  publisher={Academic Press},
  pages={105--142},
  year={1974}
}

@book{rothman2008modern,
  title={Modern Epidemiology},
  author={Rothman, Kenneth J. and Greenland, Sander and Lash, Timothy L.},
  publisher={Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  edition={3rd},
  year={2008},
  isbn={978-0-7817-5564-1}
}

@book{silverman1986density,
  title={Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis},
  author={Silverman, Bernard W.},
  publisher={Chapman \& Hall/CRC},
  series={Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability},
  year={1986},
  isbn={978-0-412-24620-3}
}

@book{westfall1993resampling,
  title={Resampling-Based Multiple Testing: Examples and Methods for p-Value Adjustment},
  author={Westfall, Peter H. and Young, S. Stanley},
  publisher={Wiley-Interscience},
  year={1993},
  isbn={978-0-471-55761-6}
}

@book{greene2018econometric,
  title={Econometric Analysis},
  author={Greene, William H.},
  publisher={Pearson},
  edition={8th},
  year={2018},
  isbn={978-0-13-446136-6}
}

@article{melly2006estimation,
  title={Estimation of Counterfactual Distributions Using Quantile Regression},
  author={Melly, Blaise},
  journal={Swiss Institute for International Economics and Applied Economic Research (SIAW) working paper},
  year={2006}
}

@article{murphy2005generalization,
  title={A Generalization Error for Q-Learning},
  author={Murphy, Susan A.},
  journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={6},
  pages={1073--1097},
  year={2005}
}

@article{webb2014reworking,
  title={Reworking wild bootstrap-based inference for clustered errors},
  author={Webb, Matthew D.},
  journal={Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'\'economique},
  volume={56},
  number={3},
  pages={839--858},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1111/caje.12661}
}

@inproceedings{romano2019conformalized,
  title={Conformalized Quantile Regression},
  author={Romano, Yaniv and Patterson, Evan and Cand{\`e}s, Emmanuel J.},
  booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32 (NeurIPS)},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.1905.03222}
}

@misc{microsoft2019sparsesc,
  title={{SparseSC}: A {Python} Library for Sparse Synthetic Controls},
  author={{Microsoft Research}},
  year={2019},
  howpublished={\url{https://github.com/microsoft/SparseSC}}
}

@unpublished{kaul2015synthetic,
  title={Synthetic Control Methods: Never Use All Pre-Intervention Outcomes Together with Covariates},
  author={Kaul, Ashok and Klo{\ss}ner, Stefan and Pfeifer, Gregor and Schieler, Manuel},
  note={MPRA Paper No.\ 83790, Munich Personal RePEc Archive; first version March 2, 2015},
  year={2015},
  url={https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83790/}
}

@misc{hernan2025target,
  title={The {TARGET} Statement: Transparent Reporting of Observational Studies Emulating a Target Trial},
  author={Hern{\'a}n, Miguel A. and others},
  journal={JAMA (and BMJ companion)},
  year={2025},
  note={reporting guideline consensus statement}
}

@article{schweisthal2024metalearners,
  title={Meta-Learners for Partially-Identified Treatment Effects Across Multiple Environments},
  author={Schweisthal, Jonas and Frauen, Dennis and van der Schaar, Mihaela and Feuerriegel, Stefan},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.02464},
  year={2024},
  eprint={2406.02464},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2406.02464}
}

@article{phillips2018jackknife,
  title={The jackknife estimator: bias and variance in the IV model},
  author={Phillips, Garry D. A. and Hale, C.},
  journal={Cardiff Economics Working Papers},
  year={2018}
}

@article{rho2025clustersc,
  title={{ClusterSC}: Advancing Synthetic Control with Donor Selection},
  author={Rho, Saeyoung and Tang, Andrew and Bergam, Noah and Cummings, Rachel and Misra, Vishal},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.21629},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2503.21629}
}

@article{richardson2013single,
  title={Single World Intervention Graphs ({SWIGs}): A Unification of the Counterfactual and Graphical Approaches to Causality},
  author={Richardson, Thomas S. and Robins, James M.},
  journal={Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences, University of Washington Series Working Paper},
  number={128},
  year={2013}
}

@inproceedings{robins1998marginal,
  title={Marginal Structural Models},
  author={Robins, James M.},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Section on Bayesian Statistical Science},
  pages={1--10},
  year={1998}
}

@article{runge2020discovering,
  title={Discovering contemporaneous and lagged causal relations in autocorrelated nonlinear time series datasets},
  author={Runge, Jakob},
  journal={Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI 2020)},
  year={2020},
  eprint={2003.03685},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2003.03685}
}

@inproceedings{tran2023inferring,
  title={Inferring the Long-Term Causal Effects of Long-Term Treatments from Short-Term Experiments},
  author={Tran, Allen and Bibaut, Aur{\'e}lien and Kallus, Nathan},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  year={2023}
}

@misc{jiralerspong2024efficient,
  title={Efficient Causal Graph Discovery Using Large Language Models},
  author={Jiralerspong, Thomas and Chen, Xiaoyin and More, Yash and Shah, Vedant and Bengio, Yoshua},
  year={2024},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.01207},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2402.01207}
}

@misc{goodmanbacon2019bacondecomp,
  title={{BACONDECOMP}: {Stata} Module to Perform the Goodman-Bacon Decomposition},
  author={Goodman-Bacon, Andrew and Goldring, Thomas and Nichols, Austin},
  year={2019},
  howpublished={Statistical Software Components, Boston College}
}

@misc{fong2022cbps,
  title={{CBPS}: {R} Package for Covariate Balancing Propensity Score},
  author={Fong, Christian and Ratkovic, Marc and Imai, Kosuke},
  year={2022},
  howpublished={CRAN R package, see \url{https://github.com/kosukeimai/CBPS}; paper Imai \& Ratkovic 2014 JRSS-B}
}

@misc{gardner2021two,
  title={Two-Stage Differences in Differences},
  author={Gardner, John},
  year={2021},
  howpublished={Working paper, University of Mississippi}
}

@article{kloft2011local,
  title={The Local {Rademacher} Complexity of {$\ell_p$}-Norm Multiple Kernel Learning},
  author={Kloft, Marius and Blanchard, Gilles},
  journal={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24 (NeurIPS)},
  year={2011}
}

@article{lundberg2021gap,
  title={The Gap-Closing Estimand: A Causal Approach to Study Interventions That Close Disparities Across Social Categories},
  author={Lundberg, Ian},
  journal={Sociological Methods \& Research},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1177/00491241211055769}
}

@article{iacus2011multivariate,
  title={Multivariate Matching Methods That Are Monotonic Imbalance Bounding},
  author={Iacus, Stefano M. and King, Gary and Porro, Giuseppe},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={106},
  number={493},
  pages={345--361},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1198/jasa.2011.tm09599}
}

@article{bhattacharya2022semiparametric,
  title={Semiparametric inference for causal effects in graphical models with hidden variables},
  author={Bhattacharya, Rohit and Nabi, Razieh and Shpitser, Ilya},
  journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={23},
  year={2022}
}

@techreport{abadie2025harvesting,
  title={Harvesting Differences-in-Differences and Event-Study Evidence},
  author={Abadie, Alberto and Angrist, Joshua and Frandsen, Brigham and Pischke, J{\"o}rn-Steffen},
  institution={National Bureau of Economic Research},
  type={NBER Working Paper},
  number={34550},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.3386/w34550}
}

@article{correia2020fast,
  title={Fast Poisson estimation with high-dimensional fixed effects},
  author={Correia, Sergio and Guimar{\~a}es, Paulo and Zylkin, Tom},
  journal={Stata Journal},
  volume={20},
  number={1},
  pages={95--115},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1177/1536867X20909691}
}

@article{pustejovsky2018small,
  author    = {Pustejovsky, James E. and Tipton, Elizabeth},
  title     = {Small-Sample Methods for Cluster-Robust Variance Estimation
               and Hypothesis Testing in Fixed Effects Models},
  journal   = {Journal of Business \& Economic Statistics},
  volume    = {36},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {672--683},
  year      = {2018},
  doi       = {10.1080/07350015.2016.1247004}
}

% --- Production function estimators (proxy-variable identification) ----------
% All five entries verified via Crossref API (api.crossref.org/works/<DOI>)
% on 2026-04-27 — title, authors, journal, year, volume/issue match.

@article{olley1996dynamics,
  author  = {Olley, G. Steven and Pakes, Ariel},
  title   = {The Dynamics of Productivity in the Telecommunications
             Equipment Industry},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  volume  = {64},
  number  = {6},
  pages   = {1263--1297},
  year    = {1996},
  doi     = {10.2307/2171831}
}

@article{levinsohn2003estimating,
  author  = {Levinsohn, James and Petrin, Amil},
  title   = {Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control
             for Unobservables},
  journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
  volume  = {70},
  number  = {2},
  pages   = {317--341},
  year    = {2003},
  doi     = {10.1111/1467-937X.00246}
}

@article{ackerberg2015identification,
  author  = {Ackerberg, Daniel A. and Caves, Kevin and Frazer, Garth},
  title   = {Identification Properties of Recent Production Function
             Estimators},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  volume  = {83},
  number  = {6},
  pages   = {2411--2451},
  year    = {2015},
  doi     = {10.3982/ECTA13408}
}

@article{wooldridge2009estimating,
  author  = {Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.},
  title   = {On Estimating Firm-Level Production Functions Using Proxy
             Variables to Control for Unobservables},
  journal = {Economics Letters},
  volume  = {104},
  number  = {3},
  pages   = {112--114},
  year    = {2009},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.econlet.2009.04.026}
}

@article{deloecker2012markups,
  author  = {De Loecker, Jan and Warzynski, Frederic},
  title   = {Markups and Firm-Level Export Status},
  journal = {American Economic Review},
  volume  = {102},
  number  = {6},
  pages   = {2437--2471},
  year    = {2012},
  doi     = {10.1257/aer.102.6.2437}
}

% --------------------------------------------------------------------
% HAL-TMLE references (added v1.11.5 audit pass).
% Verified independently on 2026-04-30:
%   - li2025regularized       — arxiv.org/abs/2506.17214
%   - vanderlaan2023efficient — degruyterbrill.com IJB 19(1):261-289,
%                               doi 10.1515/ijb-2019-0092
%   - benkeser2016highly      — Crossref api 10.1109/DSAA.2016.93
% --------------------------------------------------------------------

@misc{li2025regularized,
  title={Regularized Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Highly
         Adaptive Lasso Implied Working Models},
  author={Li, Yi and Qiu, Sky and Wang, Zeyi and van der Laan, Mark J.},
  year={2025},
  eprint={2506.17214},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={stat.ME},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2506.17214}
}

@article{vanderlaan2023efficient,
  title={Efficient estimation of pathwise differentiable target parameters
         with the undersmoothed highly adaptive lasso},
  author={van der Laan, Mark J. and Benkeser, David and Cai, Weixin},
  journal={The International Journal of Biostatistics},
  volume={19},
  number={1},
  pages={261--289},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1515/ijb-2019-0092}
}

@inproceedings{benkeser2016highly,
  title={The Highly Adaptive Lasso Estimator},
  author={Benkeser, David and van der Laan, Mark J.},
  booktitle={2016 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and
             Advanced Analytics (DSAA)},
  pages={689--696},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1109/DSAA.2016.93}
}

% ─── IV polish (v1.13.x): refs verified via Crossref + journal pages, May 2026 ───

@article{keane2024practical,
  title={A Practical Guide to Weak Instruments},
  author={Keane, Michael P. and Neal, Timothy},
  journal={Annual Review of Economics},
  volume={16},
  number={1},
  pages={185--212},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1146/annurev-economics-092123-111021}
}

@article{young2022consistency,
  title={Consistency without Inference: Instrumental Variables in Practical Application},
  author={Young, Alwyn},
  journal={European Economic Review},
  volume={147},
  pages={104112},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104112}
}

@article{lal2024much,
  title={How Much Should We Trust Instrumental Variable Estimates in Political Science?
         Practical Advice Based on 67 Replicated Studies},
  author={Lal, Apoorva and Lockhart, Mackenzie and Xu, Yiqing and Zu, Ziwen},
  journal={Political Analysis},
  volume={32},
  number={4},
  pages={521--540},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1017/pan.2024.2}
}

@article{mikusheva2022inference,
  title={Inference with Many Weak Instruments},
  author={Mikusheva, Anna and Sun, Liyang},
  journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
  volume={89},
  number={5},
  pages={2663--2686},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.1093/restud/rdab097}
}

@article{borusyak2023nonrandom,
  title={Nonrandom Exposure to Exogenous Shocks},
  author={Borusyak, Kirill and Hull, Peter},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={91},
  number={6},
  pages={2155--2185},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.3982/ecta19367}
}

@article{borusyak2025practical,
  title={A Practical Guide to Shift-Share Instruments},
  author={Borusyak, Kirill and Hull, Peter and Jaravel, Xavier},
  journal={Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  volume={39},
  number={1},
  pages={181--204},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1257/jep.20231370}
}

@article{kaido2021decentralization,
  title={Decentralization estimators for instrumental variable quantile regression models},
  author={Kaido, Hiroaki and W{\"u}thrich, Kaspar},
  journal={Quantitative Economics},
  volume={12},
  number={2},
  pages={443--475},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.3982/QE1440}
}

@article{chernozhukov2022automatic,
  title={Automatic Debiased Machine Learning of Causal and Structural Effects},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Newey, Whitney K. and Singh, Rahul},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={90},
  number={3},
  pages={967--1027},
  year={2022},
  doi={10.3982/ECTA18515}
}

@inproceedings{chernozhukov2022rieszn,
  title={RieszNet and ForestRiesz: Automatic Debiased Machine Learning with Neural Nets and Random Forests},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Newey, Whitney K. and Quintas-Mart{\'i}nez, V{\'i}ctor and Syrgkanis, Vasilis},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
  series={Proceedings of Machine Learning Research},
  volume={162},
  pages={3901--3914},
  year={2022},
  note={arXiv:2110.03031}
}

@misc{bennett2023minimax,
  title={Minimax Instrumental Variable Regression and L2 Convergence Guarantees without Identification or Closedness},
  author={Bennett, Andrew and Kallus, Nathan and Mao, Xiaojie and Newey, Whitney and Syrgkanis, Vasilis and Uehara, Masatoshi},
  year={2023},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.05404},
  note={Conference on Learning Theory (COLT) 2023, PMLR 195},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2302.05404}
}

@techreport{blandhol2025tsls,
  title={When is {TSLS} Actually {LATE}?},
  author={Blandhol, Christine and Bonney, John and Mogstad, Magne and Torgovitsky, Alexander},
  institution={National Bureau of Economic Research},
  type={NBER Working Paper},
  number={29709},
  year={2022},
  note={Latest revision January 2025; forthcoming, Review of Economic Studies},
  doi={10.3386/w29709}
}

@misc{sloczynski2024should,
  title={When Should We (Not) Interpret Linear {IV} Estimands as {LATE}?},
  author={S{\l}oczy{\'n}ski, Tymon},
  year={2024},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.06695},
  note={Latest revision 2026; IZA Discussion Paper No.~14349},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2011.06695}
}

%% =====================================================================
%% v1.13 RDD polish — recent literature
%% (DOI-verified via Crossref / publisher pages 2026-05-05)
%% =====================================================================

@article{noack2024biasaware,
  title={Bias-Aware Inference in Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Designs},
  author={Noack, Claudia and Rothe, Christoph},
  year={2024},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={92},
  number={3},
  pages={687--711},
  doi={10.3982/ECTA19466}
}

@misc{noack2025flexible,
  title={Flexible Covariate Adjustments in Regression Discontinuity Designs},
  author={Noack, Claudia and Olma, Tomasz and Rothe, Christoph},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.07942},
  note={Version v5, 25 April 2025},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2107.07942}
}

@article{kolesar2018inference,
  title={Inference in Regression Discontinuity Designs with a Discrete Running Variable},
  author={Koles{\'a}r, Michal and Rothe, Christoph},
  year={2018},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  volume={108},
  number={8},
  pages={2277--2304},
  doi={10.1257/aer.20160945}
}

@techreport{kaliski2025power,
  title={The Power Asymmetry in Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Designs},
  author={Kaliski, Daniel and Keane, Michael P. and Neal, Timothy},
  year={2025},
  institution={National Bureau of Economic Research},
  type={NBER Working Paper},
  number={33972},
  doi={10.3386/w33972}
}

@book{cattaneo2024extensions,
  title={A Practical Introduction to Regression Discontinuity Designs: Extensions},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Idrobo, Nicol{\'a}s and Titiunik, Roc{\'\i}o},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press},
  series={Cambridge Elements: Quantitative and Computational Methods for the Social Sciences},
  isbn={9781009462327},
  doi={10.1017/9781009441896}
}

@article{cattaneopalomba2025covariates,
  title={Leveraging Covariates in Regression Discontinuity Designs},
  author={Cattaneo, Matias D. and Palomba, Filippo},
  year={2025},
  journal={IZA World of Labor},
  number={521},
  doi={10.15185/izawol.521}
}

@article{calonico2015optimal,
  title={Optimal Data-Driven Regression Discontinuity Plots},
  author={Calonico, Sebastian and Cattaneo, Matias D. and Titiunik, Roc{\'\i}o},
  year={2015},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={110},
  number={512},
  pages={1753--1769},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2015.1017578}
}

% =====================================================================
% Decomposition module — v1.15 polish (citations verified via Crossref).
% =====================================================================

@article{blinder1973wage,
  title={Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates},
  author={Blinder, Alan S.},
  journal={The Journal of Human Resources},
  volume={8},
  number={4},
  pages={436--455},
  year={1973},
  doi={10.2307/144855}
}

@article{oaxaca1973male,
  title={Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets},
  author={Oaxaca, Ronald},
  journal={International Economic Review},
  volume={14},
  number={3},
  pages={693--709},
  year={1973},
  doi={10.2307/2525981}
}

@article{neumark1988employers,
  title={Employers' Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage Discrimination},
  author={Neumark, David},
  journal={The Journal of Human Resources},
  volume={23},
  number={3},
  pages={279--295},
  year={1988},
  doi={10.2307/145830}
}

@article{cotton1988estimation,
  title={On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials},
  author={Cotton, Jeremiah},
  journal={The Review of Economics and Statistics},
  volume={70},
  number={2},
  pages={236--243},
  year={1988},
  doi={10.2307/1928307}
}

@article{reimers1983labor,
  title={Labor Market Discrimination Against Hispanic and Black Men},
  author={Reimers, Cordelia W.},
  journal={The Review of Economics and Statistics},
  volume={65},
  number={4},
  pages={570--579},
  year={1983},
  doi={10.2307/1935925}
}

@article{jann2008blinder,
  title={The {Blinder}-{Oaxaca} Decomposition for Linear Regression Models},
  author={Jann, Ben},
  journal={The Stata Journal},
  volume={8},
  number={4},
  pages={453--479},
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1177/1536867X0800800401}
}

@article{gelbach2016covariates,
  title={When Do Covariates Matter? And Which Ones, and How Much?},
  author={Gelbach, Jonah B.},
  journal={Journal of Labor Economics},
  volume={34},
  number={2},
  pages={509--543},
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1086/683668}
}

@article{kline2011oaxaca,
  title={{Oaxaca}-{Blinder} as a Reweighting Estimator},
  author={Kline, Patrick},
  journal={American Economic Review},
  volume={101},
  number={3},
  pages={532--537},
  year={2011},
  doi={10.1257/aer.101.3.532}
}

@article{shorrocks1980class,
  title={The Class of Additively Decomposable Inequality Measures},
  author={Shorrocks, A. F.},
  journal={Econometrica},
  volume={48},
  number={3},
  pages={613--625},
  year={1980},
  doi={10.2307/1913126}
}

@article{cowell2007income,
  title={Income distribution and inequality measurement: The problem of extreme values},
  author={Cowell, Frank A. and Flachaire, Emmanuel},
  journal={Journal of Econometrics},
  volume={141},
  number={2},
  pages={1044--1072},
  year={2007},
  doi={10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.01.001}
}

@article{riosavila2020rif,
  title={Recentered influence functions ({RIFs}) in {Stata}: {RIF} regression and {RIF} decomposition},
  author={Rios-Avila, Fernando},
  journal={The Stata Journal},
  volume={20},
  number={1},
  pages={51--94},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1177/1536867X20909690}
}

@article{kroger2021kitagawa,
  title={Extending the {Kitagawa}-{Oaxaca}-{Blinder} decomposition approach to panel data},
  author={Kr{\"o}ger, Hannes and Hartmann, J{\"o}rg},
  journal={The Stata Journal},
  volume={21},
  number={2},
  pages={360--410},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1177/1536867X211025800}
}

@article{oaxaca2025meets,
  title={{Oaxaca}-{Blinder} meets {Kitagawa}: What is the link?},
  author={Oaxaca, Ronald L. and Sierminska, Eva},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={20},
  number={5},
  pages={e0321874},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1371/journal.pone.0321874}
}

@article{yu2025nonparametric,
  title={Nonparametric causal decomposition of group disparities},
  author={Yu, Ang and Elwert, Felix},
  journal={The Annals of Applied Statistics},
  volume={19},
  number={1},
  pages={821--845},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1214/24-AOAS1990}
}

@article{park2024choosing,
  title={Choosing an Optimal Method for Causal Decomposition Analysis with Continuous Outcomes: A Review and Simulation Study},
  author={Park, Soojin and Kang, Suyeon and Lee, Chioun},
  journal={Sociological Methodology},
  volume={54},
  number={1},
  pages={92--117},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1177/00811750231183711}
}

% =====================================================================
% ML+Causal module — v1.15 polish (citations verified independently
% via NBER / arXiv / journal sites).
% =====================================================================

@techreport{chernozhukov2022long,
  title={Long Story Short: Omitted Variable Bias in Causal Machine Learning},
  author={Chernozhukov, Victor and Cinelli, Carlos and Newey, Whitney and Sharma, Amit and Syrgkanis, Vasilis},
  year={2022},
  institution={National Bureau of Economic Research},
  type={NBER Working Paper},
  number={30302},
  doi={10.3386/w30302},
  note={arXiv:2112.13398}
}

@article{clarke2025double,
  title={Double Machine Learning for Static Panel Models with Fixed Effects},
  author={Clarke, Paul S. and Polselli, Annalivia},
  journal={The Econometrics Journal},
  volume={29},
  number={1},
  pages={69--86},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1093/ectj/utaf011},
  note={arXiv:2312.08174}
}

@article{semenova2021debiased,
  title={Debiased Machine Learning of Conditional Average Treatment Effects and Other Causal Functions},
  author={Semenova, Vira and Chernozhukov, Victor},
  journal={The Econometrics Journal},
  volume={24},
  number={2},
  pages={264--289},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1093/ectj/utaa027}
}

@article{yadlowsky2025evaluating,
  title={Evaluating Treatment Prioritization Rules via Rank-Weighted Average Treatment Effects},
  author={Yadlowsky, Steve and Fleming, Scott and Shah, Nigam and Brunskill, Emma and Wager, Stefan},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={120},
  number={549},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1080/01621459.2024.2393466},
  note={arXiv:2111.07966}
}

@article{bach2024doubleml,
  title={DoubleML: An Object-Oriented Implementation of Double Machine Learning in R},
  author={Bach, Philipp and Kurz, Malte S. and Chernozhukov, Victor and Spindler, Martin and Klaassen, Sven},
  journal={Journal of Statistical Software},
  volume={108},
  number={3},
  pages={1--56},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.18637/jss.v108.i03}
}

@software{wang2026statspai,
  title={StatsPAI: The Agent-Native Causal Inference and Econometrics Toolkit for Python},
  author={Wang, Biaoyue and Rozelle, Scott},
  year={2026},
  version={1.15.6},
  doi={10.5281/zenodo.19933900},
  url={https://github.com/brycewang-stanford/StatsPAI}
}

@article{moran1950notes,
  title={Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena},
  author={Moran, P. A. P.},
  journal={Biometrika},
  volume={37},
  number={1-2},
  pages={17--23},
  year={1950},
  doi={10.1093/biomet/37.1-2.17}
}

@article{geary1954contiguity,
  title={The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping},
  author={Geary, R. C.},
  journal={The Incorporated Statistician},
  volume={5},
  number={3},
  pages={115--146},
  year={1954},
  doi={10.2307/2986645}
}

@article{getis1992analysis,
  title={The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics},
  author={Getis, Arthur and Ord, J. K.},
  journal={Geographical Analysis},
  volume={24},
  number={3},
  pages={189--206},
  year={1992},
  doi={10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x}
}

@article{anselin1995local,
  title={Local indicators of spatial association---LISA},
  author={Anselin, Luc},
  journal={Geographical Analysis},
  volume={27},
  number={2},
  pages={93--115},
  year={1995},
  doi={10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x}
}
