---
name: sqldw-authoring-cli
description: >
  Execute authoring T-SQL (DDL, DML, data ingestion, transactions, schema changes) against Microsoft Fabric
  Data Warehouse and SQL endpoints from agentic CLI environments. Use when the user wants to: (1) create/alter/drop
  tables from terminal, (2) insert/update/delete/merge data via CLI, (3) run COPY INTO or OPENROWSET ingestion,
  (4) manage transactions or stored procedures, (5) perform schema evolution, (6) use time travel or snapshots,
  (7) generate ETL/ELT shell scripts, (8) create views/functions/procedures on Lakehouse SQLEP. Triggers:
  "create table in warehouse", "insert data via T-SQL", "load from ADLS", "COPY INTO", "run ETL with T-SQL", "alter warehouse table", "upsert with T-SQL", "merge into warehouse",
  "create T-SQL procedure", "warehouse time travel", "recover deleted warehouse data", "create warehouse schema", "deploy warehouse", "transaction
  conflict", "snapshot isolation error".
---

> **Update Check — ONCE PER SESSION (mandatory)**
> The first time this skill is used in a session, run the **check-updates** skill before proceeding.
> - **GitHub Copilot CLI / VS Code**: invoke the `check-updates` skill.
> - **Claude Code / Cowork / Cursor / Windsurf / Codex**: compare local vs remote package.json version.
> - Skip if the check was already performed earlier in this session.

> **CRITICAL NOTES**
> 1. To find the workspace details (including its ID) from workspace name: list all workspaces and, then, use JMESPath filtering
> 2. To find the item details (including its ID) from workspace ID, item type, and item name: list all items of that type in that workspace and, then, use JMESPath filtering

# SQL Endpoint Authoring — CLI Skill

## Table of Contents

| Task | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Finding Workspaces and Items in Fabric | [COMMON-CLI.md § Finding Workspaces and Items in Fabric](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#finding-workspaces-and-items-in-fabric) | **Mandatory** — *READ link first* [needed for finding workspace id by its name or item id by its name, item type, and workspace id] |
| Fabric Topology & Key Concepts | [COMMON-CORE.md § Fabric Topology & Key Concepts](../../common/COMMON-CORE.md#fabric-topology--key-concepts) ||
| Environment URLs | [COMMON-CORE.md § Environment URLs](../../common/COMMON-CORE.md#environment-urls) ||
| Authentication & Token Acquisition | [COMMON-CORE.md § Authentication & Token Acquisition](../../common/COMMON-CORE.md#authentication--token-acquisition) | Wrong audience = 401; read before any auth issue |
| Core Control-Plane REST APIs | [COMMON-CORE.md § Core Control-Plane REST APIs](../../common/COMMON-CORE.md#core-control-plane-rest-apis) | Includes pagination, LRO polling, and rate-limiting patterns |
| OneLake Data Access | [COMMON-CORE.md § OneLake Data Access](../../common/COMMON-CORE.md#onelake-data-access) | Requires `storage.azure.com` token, not Fabric token |
| Definition Envelope | [ITEM-DEFINITIONS-CORE.md § Definition Envelope](../../common/ITEM-DEFINITIONS-CORE.md#definition-envelope) | Definition payload structure |
| Per-Item-Type Definitions | [ITEM-DEFINITIONS-CORE.md § Per-Item-Type Definitions](../../common/ITEM-DEFINITIONS-CORE.md#per-item-type-definitions) | Support matrix, decoded content, part paths — [REST specs](../../common/COMMON-CORE.md#item-creation), [CLI recipes](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#item-crud-operations) |
| Job Execution | [COMMON-CORE.md § Job Execution](../../common/COMMON-CORE.md#job-execution) ||
| Capacity Management | [COMMON-CORE.md § Capacity Management](../../common/COMMON-CORE.md#capacity-management) ||
| Gotchas, Best Practices & Troubleshooting (Platform) | [COMMON-CORE.md § Gotchas, Best Practices & Troubleshooting](../../common/COMMON-CORE.md#gotchas-best-practices--troubleshooting) ||
| Tool Selection Rationale | [COMMON-CLI.md § Tool Selection Rationale](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#tool-selection-rationale) ||
| Authentication Recipes | [COMMON-CLI.md § Authentication Recipes](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#authentication-recipes) | `az login` flows and token acquisition |
| Fabric Control-Plane API via `az rest` | [COMMON-CLI.md § Fabric Control-Plane API via az rest](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#fabric-control-plane-api-via-az-rest) | **Always pass `--resource`**; includes pagination and LRO helpers |
| OneLake Data Access via `curl` | [COMMON-CLI.md § OneLake Data Access via curl](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#onelake-data-access-via-curl) | Use `curl` not `az rest` (different token audience) |
| SQL / TDS Data-Plane Access | [COMMON-CLI.md § SQL / TDS Data-Plane Access](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#sql--tds-data-plane-access) | `sqlcmd` (Go) connect, query, CSV export |
| Job Execution (CLI) | [COMMON-CLI.md § Job Execution](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#job-execution) ||
| OneLake Shortcuts | [COMMON-CLI.md § OneLake Shortcuts](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#onelake-shortcuts) ||
| Capacity Management (CLI) | [COMMON-CLI.md § Capacity Management](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#capacity-management) ||
| Composite Recipes | [COMMON-CLI.md § Composite Recipes](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#composite-recipes) ||
| Gotchas & Troubleshooting (CLI-Specific) | [COMMON-CLI.md § Gotchas & Troubleshooting (CLI-Specific)](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#gotchas--troubleshooting-cli-specific) | `az rest` audience, shell escaping, token expiry |
| Quick Reference | [COMMON-CLI.md § Quick Reference](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md#quick-reference) | `az rest` template + token audience/tool matrix |
| Item-Type Capability Matrix | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Item-Type Capability Matrix](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#item-type-capability-matrix) | Shows read-only (SQLEP) vs read-write (DW) |
| Connection Fundamentals | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Connection Fundamentals](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#connection-fundamentals) | TDS, port 1433, Entra-only, no MARS |
| Supported T-SQL Surface Area (Consumption Focus) | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Supported T-SQL Surface Area](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#supported-t-sql-surface-area-consumption-focus) | **Read before writing T-SQL** — includes data types (no `nvarchar`/`datetime`/`money`) |
| Read-Side Objects You Can Create | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Read-Side Objects You Can Create](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#read-side-objects-you-can-create) | Views, TVFs, scalar UDFs, procedures |
| Temporary Tables | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Temporary Tables](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#temporary-tables) ||
| Cross-Database Queries | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Cross-Database Queries](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#cross-database-queries) | 3-part naming, same workspace only |
| Security for Consumption | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Security for Consumption](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#security-for-consumption) | GRANT/DENY, RLS, CLS, DDM |
| Monitoring and Diagnostics | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Monitoring and Diagnostics](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#monitoring-and-diagnostics) | Includes query labels; DMVs (live) + `queryinsights.*` (30-day history) |
| Performance: Best Practices and Troubleshooting | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Performance: Best Practices and Troubleshooting](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#performance-best-practices-and-troubleshooting) | Statistics, caching, clustering, query tips |
| REST API: Refresh SQL Endpoint Metadata | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § REST API: Refresh SQL Endpoint Metadata](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#rest-api-refresh-sql-endpoint-metadata) | Force metadata sync when SQLEP is stale after ETL |
| System Catalog Queries (Metadata Exploration) | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § System Catalog Queries](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#system-catalog-queries-metadata-exploration) | `sys.tables`, `sys.columns`, `sys.views`, `sys.stats` |
| Common Consumption Patterns | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Common Consumption Patterns](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#common-consumption-patterns-end-to-end-examples) | Reporting views, cross-DB analytics, temp table staging |
| Gotchas and Troubleshooting (Consumption) | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Gotchas and Troubleshooting Reference](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#gotchas-and-troubleshooting-reference) | 18 numbered issues with cause + resolution |
| Quick Reference: Consumption Capabilities | [SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Quick Reference: Consumption Capabilities](../../common/SQLDW-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md#quick-reference-consumption-capabilities-by-scenario) ||
| Authoring Capability Matrix | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Authoring Capability Matrix](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#authoring-capability-matrix) | **Read first** — DW vs SQLEP authoring scope |
| Table DDL (DW Only) | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Table DDL (DW Only)](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#table-ddl-dw-only) | CREATE, CTAS, ALTER, sp_rename, DROP, constraints, schema evolution, IDENTITY |
| DML Operations (DW Only) | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § DML Operations (DW Only)](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#dml-operations-dw-only) | INSERT...SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, MERGE |
| Data Ingestion (DW Only) | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Data Ingestion (DW Only)](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#data-ingestion-dw-only) | COPY INTO, OPENROWSET, method comparison |
| Transactions (DW Only) | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Transactions (DW Only)](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#transactions-dw-only) | Snapshot isolation only; write-write conflict rules |
| Stored Procedures (Authoring Patterns) | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Stored Procedures (Authoring Patterns)](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#stored-procedures-authoring-patterns) | ETL procs, upsert, CTAS swap, cursor replacement |
| Time Travel and Warehouse Snapshots | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Time Travel and Warehouse Snapshots (DW Only)](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#time-travel-and-warehouse-snapshots-dw-only) | FOR TIMESTAMP AS OF; 30-day retention; snapshots GA |
| Source Control and CI/CD | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Source Control and CI/CD (DW Only — Preview)](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#source-control-and-cicd-dw-only--preview) | Git integration, SQL DB projects, deployment pipelines |
| Authoring Permission Model | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Authoring Permission Model](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#authoring-permission-model) | Contributor minimum for DDL/DML; Admin for GRANT |
| Authoring Gotchas and Troubleshooting | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Authoring Gotchas and Troubleshooting](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#authoring-gotchas-and-troubleshooting) | 17-row issue/cause/resolution table |
| Common Authoring Patterns | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Common Authoring Patterns](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#common-authoring-patterns-end-to-end-examples) | Incremental load, SCD Type 1, SQLEP view layer |
| Quick Reference: Authoring Decision Guide | [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Quick Reference: Authoring Decision Guide](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md#quick-reference-authoring-decision-guide) | Scenario → recommended approach lookup |
| Core Authoring via CLI | [authoring-cli-quickref.md § Core Authoring via CLI](references/authoring-cli-quickref.md#core-authoring-via-cli) | Table DDL, DML, data ingestion `sqlcmd` one-liners |
| Advanced Authoring Patterns via CLI | [authoring-cli-quickref.md § Advanced Authoring Patterns via CLI](references/authoring-cli-quickref.md#advanced-authoring-patterns-via-cli) | Transactions, schema evolution, stored procedures, time travel |
| Bash Templates | [authoring-script-templates.md § Bash Templates](references/authoring-script-templates.md#bash-templates) | COPY INTO, ELT pipeline, upsert with retry, schema migration, time travel recovery, stored procedure |
| PowerShell Templates | [authoring-script-templates.md § PowerShell Templates](references/authoring-script-templates.md#powershell-templates) | COPY INTO ingestion, incremental upsert with retry |
| Tool Stack | [SKILL.md § Tool Stack](#tool-stack) | `sqlcmd` (Go) + `az` CLI + `jq`; verify before first op |
| Connection | [SKILL.md § Connection](#connection) | FQDN discovery, reusable vars, PowerShell |
| Script Generation | [authoring-cli-quickref.md § Script Generation](references/authoring-cli-quickref.md#script-generation) | sqlcmd output flags, piped input, parameterized queries |
| Agentic Workflows | [SKILL.md § Agentic Workflows](#agentic-workflows) | **Start here** — discover schema before any write |
| Monitoring Authoring Operations | [authoring-cli-quickref.md § Monitoring Authoring Operations](references/authoring-cli-quickref.md#monitoring-authoring-operations) | Active DML/DDL, recent ETL, failed writes |
| Gotchas, Rules, Troubleshooting | [SKILL.md § Gotchas, Rules, Troubleshooting](#gotchas-rules-troubleshooting) | **MUST DO / AVOID / PREFER** checklists |
| Agent Integration Notes | [authoring-cli-quickref.md § Agent Integration Notes](references/authoring-cli-quickref.md#agent-integration-notes) | Platform-specific tips (Copilot CLI, Claude Code) |

---

## Tool Stack

| Tool | Role | Install |
|---|---|---|
| `sqlcmd` (Go) | **Primary**: Execute DDL/DML T-SQL. Standalone binary, no ODBC, built-in Entra ID auth. | `winget install sqlcmd` / `brew install sqlcmd` / `apt-get install sqlcmd` |
| `az` CLI | Auth (`az login`), token acquisition, Fabric REST for endpoint discovery, snapshot management. | Pre-installed in most dev environments |
| `jq` | Parse JSON from `az rest` | Pre-installed or trivial |

> **Agent check** — verify before first operation:
> ```bash
> sqlcmd --version 2>/dev/null || echo "INSTALL: winget install sqlcmd OR brew install sqlcmd"
> ```

### Authoring Scope by Item Type

| Capability | Warehouse (DW) | Lakehouse/Mirrored DB SQLEP |
|---|---|---|
| Table DDL (CREATE/ALTER/DROP) | ✅ | ❌ |
| DML (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE) | ✅ | ❌ |
| COPY INTO, OPENROWSET (ingest) | ✅ | OPENROWSET read-only |
| Transactions | ✅ | ❌ |
| Time travel, snapshots | ✅ | ❌ |
| CREATE VIEW/FUNCTION/PROCEDURE | ✅ | ✅ |
| CREATE SCHEMA | ✅ | ✅ |

---

## Connection

### Discover the SQL Endpoint FQDN

Per [COMMON-CLI.md](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md) Discovering Connection Parameters via REST:

```bash
WS_ID="<workspaceId>"
ITEM_ID="<warehouseOrLakehouseId>"

# Warehouse
az rest --method get \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/warehouses/$ITEM_ID" \
  --query "properties.connectionString" --output tsv

# Lakehouse SQL endpoint
az rest --method get \
  --resource "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com" \
  --url "https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/$WS_ID/lakehouses/$ITEM_ID" \
  --query "properties.sqlEndpointProperties.connectionString" --output tsv
```

Result: `<uniqueId>.datawarehouse.fabric.microsoft.com`

### Connect with sqlcmd (Go)

```bash
# Non-interactive one-shot query
sqlcmd -S "<endpoint>.datawarehouse.fabric.microsoft.com" -d "<DatabaseName>" -G \
  -Q "SELECT TOP 10 * FROM dbo.FactSales"

# Service principal (CI/CD)
SQLCMDPASSWORD="<clientSecret>" \
sqlcmd -S "<endpoint>.datawarehouse.fabric.microsoft.com" -d "<DatabaseName>" \
  --authentication-method ActiveDirectoryServicePrincipal \
  -U "<appId>" \
  -Q "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.FactSales"
```

### Reusable Connection Variables

```bash
# Set once at script top
FABRIC_SERVER="<endpoint>.datawarehouse.fabric.microsoft.com"
FABRIC_DB="<DatabaseName>"
SQLCMD="sqlcmd -S $FABRIC_SERVER -d $FABRIC_DB -G"

# Use throughout
$SQLCMD -Q "SELECT TOP 5 * FROM dbo.DimProduct"
$SQLCMD -i myscript.sql
```

### PowerShell / Windows CMD

```powershell
$s = "<endpoint>.datawarehouse.fabric.microsoft.com"; $db = "<DatabaseName>"
sqlcmd -S $s -d $db -G -Q "SELECT TOP 10 * FROM dbo.FactSales"
# CMD: use set S=... and %S% / %DB% instead of $variables
```

---

## Agentic Workflows

### Schema Discovery Before Authoring

Before any write operation, discover the target schema:

```bash
# 1. List tables
$SQLCMD -Q "SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables ORDER BY 1,2" -W

# 2. Check columns
$SQLCMD -Q "SELECT column_name, data_type, is_nullable FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='FactSales' ORDER BY ordinal_position" -W

# 3. Sample data
$SQLCMD -Q "SELECT TOP 5 * FROM dbo.FactSales" -W

# 4. Check constraints
$SQLCMD -Q "SELECT constraint_name, constraint_type FROM information_schema.table_constraints WHERE table_name='FactSales'" -W

# 5. Row counts
$SQLCMD -Q "SELECT s.name AS [schema], t.name AS [table], SUM(p.rows) AS row_count FROM sys.tables t JOIN sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id=s.schema_id JOIN sys.partitions p ON t.object_id=p.object_id AND p.index_id IN (0,1) GROUP BY s.name, t.name ORDER BY row_count DESC" -W

# 6. Programmability objects
$SQLCMD -Q "SELECT name, type_desc FROM sys.objects WHERE type IN ('V','FN','IF','P','TF') ORDER BY type_desc, name" -W
```

### Agentic Workflow

1. **Discover** → Run steps 1–4 to understand available tables/columns.
2. **Sample** → `SELECT TOP 5` on relevant tables.
3. **Formulate** → Select pattern from [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md) (Table DDL through Common Authoring Patterns).
4. **Execute** → `$SQLCMD -Q "..."` or `$SQLCMD -i file.sql` for multi-statement.
5. **Verify** → Query affected table (`SELECT COUNT(*)`, `SELECT TOP 5`).
6. **Optionally script** → Generate reusable `.sh` or `.ps1` using [references/authoring-script-templates.md](references/authoring-script-templates.md).

---

## Gotchas, Rules, Troubleshooting

For full authoring gotchas: [SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md](../../common/SQLDW-AUTHORING-CORE.md) Authoring Gotchas and Troubleshooting.
For CLI-specific issues: [COMMON-CLI.md](../../common/COMMON-CLI.md) Gotchas & Troubleshooting (CLI-Specific).

### MUST DO

- **Verify workspace has capacity before creating warehouse** — call `GET /v1/workspaces/{id}` and check `capacityId`.
- **Always `-d <DatabaseName>`** — FQDN alone is insufficient.
- **Always `-G` or `--authentication-method`** — SQL auth not supported on Fabric.
- **`az login` first** — `ActiveDirectoryDefault` uses az session. No session → cryptic failure.
- **`SET NOCOUNT ON;`** in scripts — suppresses row-count messages that corrupt output.
- **Use `-i file.sql`** for multi-statement batches (CREATE PROCEDURE, transactions with GO separators).
- **Label authoring queries** with `OPTION (LABEL = 'ETL_description')`.
- **Use explicit `CAST()`** in CTAS to control output types.
- **Keep transactions short** — long transactions increase conflict window.

### AVOID

- **ODBC sqlcmd** (`/opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd`) — requires ODBC driver. Use Go version.
- **Omitting `-W`** in scripts — trailing spaces corrupt CSV.
- **Singleton `INSERT ... VALUES`** at scale — creates tiny Parquet files. Use INSERT...SELECT, CTAS, or COPY INTO.
- **`DROP TABLE IF EXISTS` + `CREATE TABLE`** to refresh — loses time-travel history. Use `TRUNCATE TABLE` + `INSERT INTO`.
- **MERGE in production** — preview, table-level conflict detection. Use DELETE + INSERT.
- **ALTER COLUMN** — not supported. Use CTAS workaround (Schema Evolution).
- **Variables in CTAS** — not allowed. Wrap in dynamic SQL: `EXEC sp_executesql N'CREATE TABLE ...'`.
- **DML on Lakehouse/Mirrored DB SQLEP** — read-only for table data. Only views/funcs/procs can be authored.
- **Concurrent UPDATE/DELETE on same table** — snapshot isolation conflicts at table level. Serialize writes.
- **Hardcoded FQDNs** — discover via REST API (Connection section).
- **MARS** — not supported. Remove `MultipleActiveResultSets` from connection strings.

### PREFER

- **CTAS** over `CREATE TABLE` + `INSERT` — parallel, single-operation.
- **`INSERT ... SELECT`** over singleton INSERTs.
- **`COPY INTO`** for external file ingestion — highest throughput.
- **DELETE + INSERT** over MERGE for upserts in production.
- **`TRUNCATE TABLE`** over `DELETE FROM` without WHERE — faster, preserves history.
- **`-i file.sql`** over `-Q "..."` for anything beyond simple one-liners.
- **Piped here-doc** for multi-statement batches without GO requirements.
- **CTAS + sp_rename** for large-scale transforms instead of UPDATE.
- **`sqlcmd (Go) -G`** over curl+token for SQL queries.
- **`-Q`** (non-interactive exit) for agentic use.
- **`-F vertical`** for exploration of wide tables.
- **Env vars** (`FABRIC_SERVER`, `FABRIC_DB`) for script reuse.

### TROUBLESHOOTING

| Symptom | Fix |
|---|---|
| Error 24556/24706 snapshot conflict | Serialize writes to same table; retry with backoff |
| COPY INTO auth error | Grant Storage Blob Data Reader on ADLS; or SAS in CREDENTIAL |
| COPY INTO from OneLake fails | Provision workspace identity; check firewall rules |
| CTAS unexpected types | Use explicit `CAST()` in SELECT |
| Singleton INSERT poor perf | Remediate: CTAS + drop + rename to consolidate Parquet |
| Proc CREATE fails with `-Q` | Use `-i file.sql` (GO separators needed) |
| sp_rename on SQLEP fails | Only available on Warehouse, not Lakehouse/Mirrored DB |
| Deploy drops/recreates table | Avoid ALTER TABLE in DB project; apply manually |
| `Login failed for user` | Verify `-d` matches item name exactly (case-sensitive) |
| `Cannot open server` / `Login timeout expired` | Re-discover FQDN via REST API; check port 1433 / firewall |
| `ActiveDirectoryDefault` failure | `az login` expired — `az login --tenant <tenantId>` |
| Garbled CSV / `(N rows affected)` in file | Add `-W -s"," -w 4000`; prepend `SET NOCOUNT ON;` |
| `sqlcmd` not found | Install Go version: `winget install sqlcmd` |

