# English Pattern Reference

This page expands the English pattern packs into a browsable reference. It is generated from `patterns/en-*.md`, so the numbers, names, watch words, fire conditions, and examples mirror the source pattern files.

- Rewrite-capable patterns: 32
- Score/audit-only viral-hook patterns: 8
- Main selector: [PATTERNS.md](PATTERNS.md)

## Pattern Index

| # | Type | Pattern | Source |
|---|------|---------|--------|
| 1 | rewrite | Undue Emphasis on Significance | [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md) |
| 2 | rewrite | Undue Emphasis on Notability/Media | [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md) |
| 3 | rewrite | Superficial -ing Analyses | [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md) |
| 4 | rewrite | Promotional Language | [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md) |
| 5 | rewrite | Vague Attributions | [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md) |
| 6 | rewrite | Formulaic "Challenges and Prospects" | [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md) |
| 7 | rewrite | AI Vocabulary Words | [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md) |
| 8 | rewrite | Copula Avoidance ("serves as") | [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md) |
| 9 | rewrite | Negative Parallelisms | [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md) |
| 10 | rewrite | Rule of Three Overuse | [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md) |
| 11 | rewrite | Elegant Variation (Synonym Cycling) | [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md) |
| 12 | rewrite | False Ranges | [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md) |
| 32 | rewrite | Comparison Adverb Overuse ("more" without target) | [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md) |
| 13 | rewrite | Em Dash Overuse | [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md) |
| 14 | rewrite | Boldface Overuse | [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md) |
| 15 | rewrite | Inline-Header Vertical Lists | [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md) |
| 16 | rewrite | Title Case in Headings | [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md) |
| 17 | rewrite | Emojis | [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md) |
| 18 | rewrite | Curly Quotation Marks | [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md) |
| 19 | rewrite | Collaborative Communication Artifacts | [en-communication.md](../patterns/en-communication.md) |
| 20 | rewrite | Knowledge-Cutoff Disclaimers | [en-communication.md](../patterns/en-communication.md) |
| 21 | rewrite | Sycophantic/Servile Tone | [en-communication.md](../patterns/en-communication.md) |
| 29 | rewrite | False Nuance (Retroactive Reframing) | [en-communication.md](../patterns/en-communication.md) |
| 22 | rewrite | Filler Phrases | [en-filler.md](../patterns/en-filler.md) |
| 23 | rewrite | Excessive Hedging | [en-filler.md](../patterns/en-filler.md) |
| 24 | rewrite | Generic Positive Conclusions | [en-filler.md](../patterns/en-filler.md) |
| 31 | rewrite | Conclusion Signal Words | [en-filler.md](../patterns/en-filler.md) |
| 25 | rewrite | Metronomic Paragraph Structure | [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md) |
| 26 | rewrite | Passive Nominalization Chains | [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md) |
| 27 | rewrite | Zombie Nouns (Excessive Nominalization) | [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md) |
| 28 | rewrite | Stacked Subordinate Clauses | [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md) |
| 30 | rewrite | Rhetorical Question Openers | [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md) |
| VH-1 | score/audit only | Shock Numbers as Hook | [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md) |
| VH-2 | score/audit only | Clickbait Mystery Close | [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md) |
| VH-3 | score/audit only | Source-Skipping Authority | [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md) |
| VH-4 | score/audit only | Breath-Optimized Short-Sentence Stacking | [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md) |
| VH-5 | score/audit only | Hyperbolic Engagement Lexicon | [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md) |
| VH-6 | score/audit only | Fake Statistic Citation | [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md) |
| VH-7 | score/audit only | Manufactured Authority Stacking | [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md) |
| VH-8 | score/audit only | Future-Self / Parasocial Promise | [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md) |

## Content Patterns

### 1. Undue Emphasis on Significance

- Source: [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: significant milestone, pivotal moment, groundbreaking, transformative, paradigm shift, revolutionary, game-changing, unprecedented, landmark achievement, watershed moment, trailblazing, monumental
- Fire condition: 2+ emphasis words appear in the same paragraph, or a single word like "revolutionary" or "groundbreaking" applied to an ordinary product or event.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-01-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-01-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The company's new mobile app represents a groundbreaking paradigm shift in how users interact with grocery delivery services. This transformative, game-changing platform marks an unprecedented milestone in the retail industry.

Example after:

> The company launched a grocery delivery app. It lets users schedule same-day deliveries and track orders in real time. Downloads hit 2 million in the first month.

### 2. Undue Emphasis on Notability/Media

- Source: [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: garnered significant attention, widely recognized, has been featured in, attracted widespread interest, gained international acclaim, made headlines, captured the imagination of, has been praised by critics and audiences alike
- Fire condition: A claim of broad attention, coverage, or acclaim appears without a named publication, outlet, or specific figure.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-02-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-02-success-01.md)

Example before:

> Her artwork has garnered significant attention from critics and audiences alike, and has been widely recognized as a defining voice of her generation. Her exhibitions have attracted widespread interest across the globe.

Example after:

> The New York Times reviewed her 2023 exhibition, calling her use of recycled materials "quietly radical." The show sold out its three-week run at the Whitechapel Gallery.

### 3. Superficial -ing Analyses

- Source: [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: showcasing, highlighting, underscoring, demonstrating, illustrating, reflecting, signaling, exemplifying, reinforcing, embodying, encapsulating
- Fire condition: 3+ present-participle phrases chained in a single sentence or consecutive clauses with no concrete causal explanation.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-03-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-03-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The festival brings together artists from 30 countries, showcasing the diversity of contemporary dance, highlighting the importance of cross-cultural dialogue, and underscoring the role of the arts in fostering global understanding.

Example after:

> The festival brings together artists from 30 countries. This year, a butoh troupe from Tokyo collaborated with a hip-hop crew from Lagos — a pairing that would not have happened without the festival's residency program.

### 4. Promotional Language

- Source: [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: stunning, breathtaking, world-class, gem of, hidden treasure, crown jewel, vibrant, nestled in, boasts, a must-visit, unparalleled, exquisite, awe-inspiring, picturesque
- Fire condition: 2+ promotional adjectives modifying the same subject, or a single strong superlative ("world-class", "breathtaking", "must-visit") used as descriptive prose rather than quoted marketing copy.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-04-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-04-success-01.md)

Example before:

> Nestled in the rolling hills of Tuscany, this stunning village boasts breathtaking views, world-class cuisine, and an exquisite charm that makes it a must-visit hidden gem for any discerning traveler.

Example after:

> The village sits on a hill about 40 minutes south of Florence. It has one restaurant, a weekly market on Thursdays, and a 14th-century church with frescoes that are slowly being restored.

### 5. Vague Attributions

- Source: [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: experts say, many believe, it is widely accepted, studies show, research indicates, critics argue, according to sources, observers note, analysts predict, some suggest, it is generally agreed
- Fire condition: Any claim of authority appears with an unspecified source rather than a named one (person, institution, publication, or study with date).
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-05-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-05-success-01.md)

Example before:

> Experts say that remote work is here to stay. Studies show that productivity increases when employees work from home, and many believe this trend will reshape the commercial real estate market.

Example after:

> A 2023 Stanford study by Nicholas Bloom found that hybrid workers were 3% more productive than full-time office workers. Kastle Systems data shows U.S. office occupancy has stabilized at about 50% of pre-pandemic levels.

### 6. Formulaic "Challenges and Prospects"

- Source: [en-content.md](../patterns/en-content.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: despite these challenges, remains to be seen, poised for growth, at a crossroads, on the cusp of, only time will tell, the road ahead, faces significant hurdles but, with continued effort, looking forward
- Fire condition: A paragraph or conclusion contains both a generic challenge phrase AND a generic optimism phrase — the classic two-step pattern of acknowledging problems then pivoting to vague hope.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-06-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-06-success-01.md)

Example before:

> Despite these challenges, the industry remains poised for significant growth. While it remains to be seen how regulations will evolve, the sector stands at a crossroads, and with continued innovation and collaboration, a bright future lies ahead.

Example after:

> The biggest obstacle is the FDA approval timeline — the average wait is 14 months. Two of the five pending applications were filed before 2022 and still have no decision date. The company says it will shift trials to the EU if U.S. approval is not granted by Q3.

## Language Patterns

### 7. AI Vocabulary Words

- Source: [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: delve, tapestry, landscape, multifaceted, comprehensive, pivotal, testament, intricate, nuanced, leverage, foster, crucial, moreover, furthermore, realm, robust, facilitate, endeavor, resonate, underscore, embark, myriad, paramount, encompass, holistic, synergy, elucidate, culminate, juxtapose, burgeoning
- Fire condition: 3+ watch words appear in one paragraph.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-07-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-07-success-01.md)

Example before:

> This comprehensive report delves into the multifaceted landscape of renewable energy, leveraging nuanced insights to foster a robust understanding. Moreover, the intricate tapestry of stakeholder interests underscores the pivotal role of policy in this crucial endeavor.

Example after:

> This report covers renewable energy policy from three angles: cost, grid reliability, and public opinion. Each section uses data from the EIA and interviews with six state utility commissioners.

### 8. Copula Avoidance ("serves as")

- Source: [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: serves as, acts as, functions as, stands as, operates as, works as, remains as, exists as
- Fire condition: 2+ copula-avoidance constructions in the same paragraph, or a single instance where "is" would be shorter and clearer.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-08-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-08-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The library serves as a vital community hub, functioning as both an educational resource and a social gathering space. It also acts as a testament to the city's commitment to public access.

Example after:

> The library is the neighborhood's main public space. People use it for study groups, ESL classes, and the Saturday morning story hour, which draws about 40 kids a week.

### 9. Negative Parallelisms

- Source: [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: not just...but, not merely...but also, not only...but, goes beyond...to, more than just...it is, transcends...to become
- Fire condition: 2+ "not X but Y" structures in the same document, or a single instance where the positive statement alone would be simpler and equally clear.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-09-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-09-success-01.md)

Example before:

> This initiative is not just a policy change but a fundamental reimagining of urban planning. It goes beyond mere infrastructure investment to become a statement about the kind of city residents want to live in.

Example after:

> The initiative rezones 12 blocks for mixed-use development and adds a bike lane network connecting the east and west sides of the river.

### 10. Rule of Three Overuse

- Source: [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Structural pattern; inspect the fire condition rather than a fixed vocabulary list.
- Fire condition: 3-item lists appear 2+ times in the same document, or a triple-part sentence where the count is arbitrary and another count would be equally valid.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-10-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-10-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The program fosters creativity, innovation, and collaboration. Participants gain inspiration, practical skills, and lasting connections. The result is a more dynamic, inclusive, and forward-thinking community.

Example after:

> The program pairs early-career designers with experienced mentors for a 10-week project. Last year's cohort produced two apps that are still in active use.

### 11. Elegant Variation (Synonym Cycling)

- Source: [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Structural pattern; inspect the fire condition rather than a fixed vocabulary list.
- Fire condition: The same entity referred to by 3+ different names or synonyms within a single paragraph.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-11-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-11-success-01.md)

Example before:

> Tokyo is the most populous city in Japan. The metropolis is known for its blend of tradition and modernity. The urban center attracts millions of tourists each year. The Japanese capital continues to grow.

Example after:

> Tokyo is the most populous city in Japan, with about 14 million residents. It draws roughly 20 million foreign tourists a year, a number that has doubled since 2015.

### 12. False Ranges

- Source: [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: from X to Y, ranging from...to, spanning...to, everything from...to, whether...or
- Fire condition: A "from X to Y" construction appears where the two poles do not meaningfully bound a spectrum — the range is decorative rather than informative.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-12-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-12-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The festival offers something for everyone, from young children to seasoned professionals, spanning everything from traditional folk music to cutting-edge electronic performances.

Example after:

> The festival has three stages. The main stage books established acts (this year: Yo-Yo Ma, Thundercat). The tent stage is for local bands. There is also a children's area with instrument demos.

### 32. Comparison Adverb Overuse ("more" without target)

- Source: [en-language.md](../patterns/en-language.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: more specific, more concrete, more efficient, more effective, more comprehensive, more robust, more seamless, more meaningful, more strategic, more impactful, more nuanced, more proactive, more sustainable, more scalable
- Fire condition: 2+ "more + adjective/adverb" comparative phrases appear in one document without a clear target, baseline, or metric.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-32-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-32-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The initiative will enable more specific milestones, more efficient resource allocation, and more comprehensive stakeholder alignment. Moving forward, the team should develop a more strategic framework for more meaningful collaboration.

Example after:

> The initiative needs dated milestones, named owners, and a budget review. The team also needs one shared plan for partner handoffs, because the current spreadsheet has three conflicting owners for the same launch tasks.

## Style Patterns

### 13. Em Dash Overuse

- Source: [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Structural pattern; inspect the fire condition rather than a fixed vocabulary list.
- Fire condition: 3+ em dashes appear in a single text.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-13-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-13-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The new policy — which was announced last Tuesday — aims to address a long-standing issue — affordable housing. Critics — including several council members — argue that the plan lacks specifics — a concern that the mayor dismissed as premature.

Example after:

> The new policy, announced last Tuesday, aims to address affordable housing. Several council members say the plan lacks specifics. The mayor called the criticism premature.

### 14. Boldface Overuse

- Source: [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Structural pattern; inspect the fire condition rather than a fixed vocabulary list.
- Fire condition: 5+ bolded terms in a single document, or 3+ in a single paragraph.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-14-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-14-success-01.md)

Example before:

> **Machine learning** is a subset of **artificial intelligence** that uses **statistical methods** to enable computers to **learn from data**. The most common approaches include **supervised learning**, **unsupervised learning**, and **reinforcement learning**.

Example after:

> Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses statistical methods to let computers learn from data. The three main approaches are supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

### 15. Inline-Header Vertical Lists

- Source: [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Structural pattern; inspect the fire condition rather than a fixed vocabulary list.
- Fire condition: 2+ "**Label:** explanation" bullets in the same list.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-15-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-15-success-01.md)

Example before:

> - **Accessibility:** The platform supports screen readers and keyboard navigation.
> - **Performance:** Load times have been reduced by 40%.
> - **Security:** All data is encrypted end-to-end.

Example after:

> The platform now supports screen readers and keyboard navigation, load times are down 40%, and all data is encrypted end-to-end.

### 16. Title Case in Headings

- Source: [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Structural pattern; inspect the fire condition rather than a fixed vocabulary list.
- Fire condition: 3+ content words (non-articles, non-prepositions) capitalized in the same heading when sentence case would be correct.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-16-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-16-success-01.md)

Example before:

> ## The Impact Of Remote Work On Urban Development And Housing Markets

Example after:

> ## The impact of remote work on urban development and housing markets

### 17. Emojis

- Source: [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: emojis used as section markers or emphasis
- Fire condition: Any emoji in professional, academic, or editorial text.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-17-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-17-success-01.md)

Example before:

> Here are five tips for better sleep:
> 1. Set a consistent bedtime
> 2. Avoid screens before bed
> 3. Keep your room cool
> 4. Limit caffeine after noon
> 5. Try reading instead of scrolling

Example after:

> Five tips for better sleep:
> 1. Set a consistent bedtime.
> 2. Avoid screens before bed.
> 3. Keep your room cool.
> 4. Limit caffeine after noon.
> 5. Read instead of scrolling.

### 18. Curly Quotation Marks

- Source: [en-style.md](../patterns/en-style.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: curly/smart quotes used in contexts where straight quotes are standard
- Fire condition: Curly quotes appear inside code blocks, inline code spans, configuration file examples, or plain-text technical documents where straight quotes are required.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-18-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-18-success-01.md)

Example before:

> Set the variable: `name = "hello"`
>
> In your config file, add: `timeout = '30'`

Example after:

> Set the variable: `name = "hello"`
>
> In your config file, add: `timeout = '30'`

## Communication Patterns

### 19. Collaborative Communication Artifacts

- Source: [en-communication.md](../patterns/en-communication.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: I hope this helps!, Let me know if you need, Feel free to ask, Happy to help, Don't hesitate to reach out, I'd be glad to, Is there anything else, Hope that clarifies things, Let me know if you'd like me to
- Fire condition: Any chatbot-style conversational phrase appears in content that is not a live interactive conversation.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-19-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-19-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The French Revolution began in 1789, driven by fiscal crisis and food shortages. I hope this helps! Let me know if you need more details on any specific aspect of the revolution. Feel free to ask about the key figures involved.

Example after:

> The French Revolution began in 1789, driven by fiscal crisis and food shortages. The immediate trigger was the near-bankruptcy of the French state and a bread price spike that hit Paris hardest.

### 20. Knowledge-Cutoff Disclaimers

- Source: [en-communication.md](../patterns/en-communication.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: as of my last update, I don't have access to real-time, my training data, I cannot verify current, as of my knowledge cutoff, I'm not able to browse, please verify this information, this may have changed since
- Fire condition: Any AI self-reference or training-data caveat appears in editorial, journalistic, or analytical content.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-20-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-20-success-01.md)

Example before:

> As of my last update in April 2024, the company had around 5,000 employees. I don't have access to real-time data, so please verify this information with current sources.

Example after:

> The company had about 5,000 employees as of its 2024 annual report.

### 21. Sycophantic/Servile Tone

- Source: [en-communication.md](../patterns/en-communication.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Great question!, That's an excellent point, You've raised a fascinating, What a thoughtful, That's a really interesting, Absolutely!, You're absolutely right, What a great observation
- Fire condition: Any flattering or servile opener appears before substantive content.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-21-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-21-success-01.md)

Example before:

> Great question! That's a really fascinating topic. You've raised an excellent point about the economic factors at play. Let me break this down for you.

Example after:

> The main economic factor is the gap between housing supply and demand. Building permits in the metro area dropped 18% last year while population grew 2.1%.

### 29. False Nuance (Retroactive Reframing)

- Source: [en-communication.md](../patterns/en-communication.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Actually, it's more nuanced than that, To be more precise, Well, it's not quite that simple, That said, the reality is more complex, More accurately, In fairness, it's more that, If we're being precise, Though to be fair
- Fire condition: The text restates or lightly reframes the preceding claim under the guise of adding nuance, without introducing new information, evidence, or a genuinely different perspective.

Example before:

> Remote work increases productivity. Actually, it's more nuanced than that — remote work can enhance productivity in certain contexts while presenting challenges in others, and the net effect depends on organizational culture and individual work styles.

Example after:

> Remote work increases productivity for focused solo tasks — a Stanford study found a 13% gain for call center workers. It hurts spontaneous collaboration, though: Microsoft's 2021 internal data showed cross-team communication dropped 25% after going fully remote.

## Filler & Hedging Patterns

### 22. Filler Phrases

- Source: [en-filler.md](../patterns/en-filler.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: it's important to note that, it's worth mentioning that, it should be noted that, in order to, due to the fact that, at the end of the day, when it comes to, in terms of, the fact of the matter is, it goes without saying, needless to say, as a matter of fact, for all intents and purposes, in light of the fact that
- Fire condition: 2+ filler phrases appear in the same paragraph, or a single phrase that can be deleted without any loss of meaning.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-22-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-22-success-01.md)

Example before:

> It's important to note that, in order to achieve sustainable growth, companies need to invest in R&D. Due to the fact that competition is increasing, it's worth mentioning that firms must also focus on talent retention. At the end of the day, when it comes to long-term success, innovation is key.

Example after:

> Companies that want to grow need to invest in R&D. Competition for talent is rising just as fast — Gartner reports that tech attrition hit 20% last year.

### 23. Excessive Hedging

- Source: [en-filler.md](../patterns/en-filler.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: it could potentially be argued that perhaps, may or may not, it is possible that, to some extent, in certain cases, it could be said that, there is a chance that, one might argue, it seems likely that, arguably, it is conceivable that, tends to suggest
- Fire condition: 3+ qualifiers stacked on a single claim, or a statement so hedged it makes no falsifiable assertion.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-23-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-23-success-01.md)

Example before:

> It could potentially be argued that this approach may, to some extent, offer certain advantages in some cases, though it is possible that the results might vary depending on a number of factors that arguably remain to be fully understood.

Example after:

> This approach has advantages, but results vary. The biggest variable is team size: teams under five people saw a 30% improvement, while larger teams saw little change.

### 24. Generic Positive Conclusions

- Source: [en-filler.md](../patterns/en-filler.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: a bright future lies ahead, exciting journey, the possibilities are endless, stands as a testament, the sky is the limit, promising outlook, exciting times ahead, the best is yet to come, transformative potential, a new chapter
- Fire condition: 2+ vague optimism phrases appear in the same paragraph or conclusion, or a standalone final sentence that is entirely optimism filler with no specific claim.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-24-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-24-success-01.md)

Example before:

> As the company enters this exciting new chapter, the possibilities are truly endless. With its talented team and innovative vision, a bright future undoubtedly lies ahead. The best is yet to come.

Example after:

> The company plans to open two more locations by June and is hiring 15 engineers for its new climate-tech division.

### 31. Conclusion Signal Words

- Source: [en-filler.md](../patterns/en-filler.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: In conclusion, Ultimately, In summary, To conclude, To sum up, Finally, All in all, In the end, Overall, On the whole
- Fire condition: The document's final paragraph (or second-to-last) opens with one of the watch words. Or 2+ such conclusion signals appear across paragraphs.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-31-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-31-success-01.md)

Example before:

> In conclusion, work-life balance is not a luxury but a necessity. It is a critical foundation upon which sustainable success — both personal and professional — must be built.

Example after:

> Work-life balance isn't optional. Without it, the rest of the structure cracks.

## Structure Patterns

### 25. Metronomic Paragraph Structure

- Source: [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Structural pattern; inspect the fire condition rather than a fixed vocabulary list.
- Fire condition: 3+ consecutive paragraphs follow the identical internal template — e.g., claim → evidence → significance, or problem → solution → benefit, or intro → development → conclusion.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-25-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-25-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The electric vehicle market has experienced unprecedented growth in recent years. Sales doubled between 2021 and 2023, driven by falling battery costs and expanded charging infrastructure. This trend signals a fundamental shift in how consumers relate to personal transportation.
>
> Battery technology has improved considerably over the same period. Energy density has increased by 40% since 2018, while costs have fallen from $140 to $90 per kWh. These advances have made electric vehicles competitive with internal combustion alternatives on a total cost of ownership basis.
>
> Government policy has played a significant supporting role. Tax credits of up to $7,500 are available in the United States, and the EU has mandated a ban on new petrol vehicle sales by 2035. Such regulatory tailwinds are expected to sustain the sector's momentum into the next decade.

Example after:

> Electric vehicle sales doubled between 2021 and 2023. The main driver isn't policy — it's battery prices, which fell from $140 to $90 per kWh.
>
> The US $7,500 tax credit helps, but it phases out once a manufacturer hits 200,000 vehicles sold. Tesla already passed that cap years ago.
>
> Whether the EU's 2035 petrol ban survives is genuinely unclear. Germany's coalition nearly collapsed over it in 2023, and three major automakers are lobbying for a 2040 date instead.

### 26. Passive Nominalization Chains

- Source: [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: was conducted, was performed, was developed, was established, were identified, is required, has been shown, is provided, are considered, is achieved, is determined, is utilized, is noted
- Fire condition: 2+ passive nominalization phrases in the same paragraph — e.g., "an analysis was conducted", "consideration was given to", "a decision was made".
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-26-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-26-success-01.md)

Example before:

> An extensive review of the literature was conducted in order to identify key patterns. Consideration was given to a range of methodological approaches, and a decision was made to adopt a mixed-methods design. Data collection was performed over a six-month period, after which an analysis was undertaken to identify recurring themes.

Example after:

> We reviewed 47 papers published between 2018 and 2024. Most used surveys; we chose interviews instead, since the population was small enough to go deep. Six months of interviews, then we coded the transcripts.

### 27. Zombie Nouns (Excessive Nominalization)

- Source: [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: make an improvement to, provide a description of, conduct an analysis of, give consideration to, offer an explanation of, achieve a reduction in, have an impact on, make a decision about, reach a conclusion regarding, perform an evaluation of, carry out an investigation into, give an indication of
- Fire condition: 3+ nominalized verb phrases in the same paragraph — e.g., "make improvements" instead of "improve", "conduct an analysis" instead of "analyze".
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-27-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-27-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The committee made a decision to conduct an analysis of the current situation and to provide a recommendation regarding future strategy. An evaluation of the available options was performed, and after careful consideration was given to each alternative, an agreement was reached on the most viable approach.

Example after:

> The committee analyzed the situation and agreed on a strategy. They evaluated three options and chose the one with the lowest implementation risk.

### 28. Stacked Subordinate Clauses

- Source: [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Structural pattern; inspect the fire condition rather than a fixed vocabulary list.
- Fire condition: A single sentence contains 3+ embedded relative clauses, appositives, or participial phrases before the main verb reaches its object — or the reader must parse 4+ commas before understanding the sentence's main claim.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-28-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-28-success-01.md)

Example before:

> The initiative, which was developed in response to increasing concerns about, and growing awareness of, the urgent need to address the challenges facing both urban and rural communities in the context of rapid technological transformation, aims to bridge the gap between innovation and equitable access.

Example after:

> Rural and urban communities are getting left behind as technology changes fast. The initiative targets that gap directly — access to tools, not just the tools themselves.

### 30. Rhetorical Question Openers

- Source: [en-structure.md](../patterns/en-structure.md)
- Type: rewrite-capable pattern
- Watch words: Structural pattern; inspect the fire condition rather than a fixed vocabulary list.
- Fire condition: A paragraph opens with an interrogative sentence ("Why...?", "How...?", "What...?", "But what if...?") AND the answer follows in the same or next sentence within the same paragraph. Or: the document contains 2+ rhetorical questions used as paragraph openers across paragraphs.
- Example files: [failure](../examples/en-30-failure-01.md) · [success](../examples/en-30-success-01.md)

Example before:

> So why did Korean coffee culture grow so fast? The answer is surprisingly simple. Cafés moved beyond being places to buy drinks and became social hubs.
>
> But what about the future? Experts believe the trend will continue.

Example after:

> Korean coffee culture grew fast for a surprisingly simple reason: cafés moved beyond being places to buy drinks and became social hubs.
>
> The trend is likely to continue. Experts agree.

## Viral Hook Patterns (score-only)

### Viral 1. Shock Numbers as Hook

- Source: [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md)
- Type: score/audit only; rewrite modes skip this pack
- Watch words: in just N days, only N hours, jumped from 0 to N, hit N million in N weeks, N% growth in N months, broke the N-million mark, N-figure result
- Fire condition: A bold claim relies on a striking number (time-to-X, scale, percentage) and the same piece offers no source or verification path.

Detection example:

> 250K stars in just 60 days.
> $100M revenue with zero ad spend.

### Viral 2. Clickbait Mystery Close

- Source: [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md)
- Type: score/audit only; rewrite modes skip this pack
- Watch words: what makes them tick, why is everyone, you'll never guess, can you believe, the reason might surprise you, here's why
- Fire condition: The **last sentence** of the piece is a rhetorical question that the body has not answered, or a teaser that explicitly redirects the reader to engagement (subscribe, follow, save).

Detection example:

> So why are devs flocking to it without any marketing?
> The reason might surprise you.

### Viral 3. Source-Skipping Authority

- Source: [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md)
- Type: score/audit only; rewrite modes skip this pack
- Watch words: for the first time in history, a global first, never before seen, the only X that, reportedly (with no named source), industry insiders say (with no source)
- Fire condition: Absolute scope or rank claims ("first ever", "no one has", "industry-wide change") appear without an accompanying source, link, screenshot, or named expert.

Detection example:

> The fastest growth GitHub has ever seen.
> Developers worldwide are losing their minds over this.

### Viral 4. Breath-Optimized Short-Sentence Stacking

- Source: [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md)
- Type: score/audit only; rewrite modes skip this pack
- Watch words: (structural pattern — judged by form, not vocabulary)
- Fire condition: The whole piece is composed almost entirely of one-sentence paragraphs, four or more in a row, with average sentence length under ~12 words. A handful of short sentences mixed with longer ones does not fire this.

Detection example:

> No one has ever shipped this fast.
>
> 250K stars in 60 days.
>
> A tool called OpenClaw did it.
>
> Why are devs flocking to it without any marketing?
> 
> (Four one-line paragraphs, average ~10 words, line-break separated → fires.)

### Viral 5. Hyperbolic Engagement Lexicon

- Source: [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md)
- Type: score/audit only; rewrite modes skip this pack
- Watch words: absolutely insane, totally wild, mind-blowing, game-changing, you can't sleep on this, don't miss out, hands down the best, literally everyone is, this changes everything, a no-brainer
- Fire condition:

> - One occurrence in the piece: Low
> - Two occurrences: Medium
> - Three or more: High

Detection example:

> This is absolutely insane and developers are losing their minds.
> Hands down the best dev tool of the year — don't sleep on it.

### Viral 6. Fake Statistic Citation

- Source: [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md)
- Type: score/audit only; rewrite modes skip this pack
- Watch words: studies show N%, research says N%, data shows N%, according to research (with no named source), N% of people, science says, survey found (with no survey named)
- Fire condition: A numeric or statistical claim is attributed to vague research, data, surveys, or science, and the same piece gives no named source, link, sample, date, or method.
- Severity rubric: Low = one vague statistic supports a minor point; Medium = the statistic opens the piece or anchors the main CTA; High = precise percentages support high-stakes advice or multiple unsourced statistics appear together.

Before / after example:

> Before: Studies show 73% of founders lose money because they ignore this one habit.
>
> After: I do not have a source for that percentage, but weekly cash reviews can catch losses earlier.

### Viral 7. Manufactured Authority Stacking

- Source: [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md)
- Type: score/audit only; rewrite modes skip this pack
- Watch words: Stanford-trained, Y Combinator-backed, ex-Google, Harvard-trained, Forbes-featured, award-winning, serial founder, trusted by top CEOs, industry-leading expert
- Fire condition: Two or more prestige credentials, titles, investors, schools, employers, awards, or media labels are stacked to sell a claim, and the piece does not show why those credentials prove the point.
- Severity rubric: Low = two relevant labels on a narrow claim; Medium = 3+ labels introduce advice/product/trend without evidence; High = the stack replaces evidence for high-stakes advice or purchase/signup CTA.

Before / after example:

> Before: A Stanford-trained, Y Combinator-backed serial founder says this one workflow will 10x your growth.
>
> After: A founder shared the workflow they use for weekly growth reviews; test it on your own numbers before adopting it.

### Viral 8. Future-Self / Parasocial Promise

- Source: [en-viral-hook.md](../patterns/en-viral-hook.md)
- Type: score/audit only; rewrite modes skip this pack
- Watch words: your future self will thank you, thank me later, listen friend, friend, save this for later, one year from now you'll be glad, future you, trust me on this
- Fire condition: An opener or close addresses the reader as a friend, future self, or intimate confidant and promises later gratitude, usually around a save/share/follow call, without concrete support in the same piece.
- Severity rubric: Low = one soft save-this phrase; Medium = the future-self promise frames the title/opener/CTA; High = paired with urgency, scarcity, or high-stakes life/career advice.

Before / after example:

> Before: Listen, friend — your future self will thank you for saving this.
>
> After: Save this if you need a checklist for next month's planning.
