import hashlib
import json
import logging
import os
import pathlib
import threading
from collections.abc import Hashable
from typing import Any, cast

from overrides import override

from solidlsp.language_servers.common import UE_IGNORED_DIRNAMES
from solidlsp.ls import LanguageServerDependencyProvider, LanguageServerDependencyProviderSinglePath, ProcessLaunchInfo, SolidLanguageServer
from solidlsp.ls_config import LanguageServerConfig
from solidlsp.ls_exceptions import SolidLSPException
from solidlsp.lsp_protocol_handler.lsp_types import InitializeParams
from solidlsp.settings import SolidLSPSettings

from .common import RuntimeDependency, RuntimeDependencyCollection, is_unreal_engine_project

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

CLANGD_ALLOWED_HOSTS = ("github.com", "release-assets.githubusercontent.com", "objects.githubusercontent.com")


class ClangdLanguageServer(SolidLanguageServer):
    """
    Provides C/C++ specific instantiation of the LanguageServer class. Contains various configurations and settings specific to C/C++.
    As the project gets bigger in size, building index will take time. Try running clangd multiple times to ensure index is built properly.
    Also make sure compile_commands.json is created at root of the source directory. Check clangd test case for example.

    You can pass the following entries in ``ls_specific_settings["cpp"]``:
        - compile_commands_dir: Directory where Serena writes its transformed
          ``compile_commands.json`` if needed.
        - clangd_version: Override the pinned Clangd version downloaded by Serena
          (default: the bundled Serena version).
    """

    @staticmethod
    def _determine_log_level(line: str) -> int:
        """
        Classify a clangd stderr line using clangd's explicit level prefix.

        See `clang::clangd::Logger::indicator` for details:
        https://clang.llvm.org/extra/doxygen/classclang_1_1clangd_1_1Logger.html

        Clangd emits each log record prefixed by a single indicator character
        followed by a timestamp in square brackets, e.g. ``I[12:27:16.234]``.

        The indicators are ``D`` (Debug), ``I`` (Info), ``E`` (Error) and
        ``F`` (Fatal). Continuation lines of multi-line records carry no
        prefix and are treated as informational.

        Without this override, the base implementation scans the line for
        the substrings ``error`` and ``exception``, which produces false
        positives on clangd's reconstructed compile commands in some cases
        (e.g. ``-DNO_EXCEPTIONS``, ``-fno-exceptions``).
        """
        # classify by clangd's level indicator character
        if len(line) >= 2 and line[1] == "[":
            indicator = line[0]
            if indicator in ("E", "F"):
                return logging.ERROR
            if indicator == "I":
                return logging.INFO
            if indicator == "D":
                return logging.DEBUG

        # continuation line or non-prefixed output: default to INFO, do not keyword-scan
        return logging.INFO

    def __init__(self, config: LanguageServerConfig, repository_root_path: str, solidlsp_settings: SolidLSPSettings):
        """
        Creates a ClangdLanguageServer instance. This class is not meant to be instantiated directly. Use LanguageServer.create() instead.
        """
        super().__init__(config, repository_root_path, None, "cpp", solidlsp_settings)
        self.server_ready = threading.Event()
        self.service_ready_event = threading.Event()
        self.initialize_searcher_command_available = threading.Event()
        self.resolve_main_method_available = threading.Event()

    @override
    def _document_symbols_cache_fingerprint(self) -> Hashable:
        cache_format_version = 1
        cpp_settings: dict[str, Any] = self._custom_settings or {}
        return (
            cache_format_version,
            cpp_settings.get("clangd_version"),
            cpp_settings.get("ls_path"),
            cpp_settings.get("compile_commands_dir"),
            self._compile_commands_fingerprint(),
        )

    def _compile_commands_fingerprint(self) -> str | None:
        compile_db_path = os.path.join(self.repository_root_path, "compile_commands.json")
        if not os.path.exists(compile_db_path):
            return None

        try:
            with open(compile_db_path, "rb") as f:
                return hashlib.md5(f.read()).hexdigest()
        except OSError as e:
            log.warning(f"Failed to fingerprint compile_commands.json: {e}")
            return None

    @override
    def is_ignored_dirname(self, dirname: str) -> bool:
        return (
            super().is_ignored_dirname(dirname)
            or dirname == ".ccls-cache"
            or (is_unreal_engine_project(self.repository_root_path) and dirname in UE_IGNORED_DIRNAMES)
        )

    def _prepare_compile_commands(self) -> str | None:
        """
        Prepare clangd compilation database with absolute directory paths.

        Clangd requires absolute directory paths in compile_commands.json for correct
        cross-file reference finding. This method reads the compile_commands.json,
        converts relative directory paths to absolute paths, and writes a transformed
        compilation database to the serena managed directory.

        The transformed file is persisted in .serena/serena_compile_commands.json
        (or a configurable directory via ls_specific_settings) and is not deleted
        on cleanup. This allows clangd to use the absolute-path version without
        modifying the user's original compile_commands.json.

        Returns the path to the serena directory containing the transformed database,
        or None if no transformation was needed.
        """
        compile_db_path = os.path.join(self.repository_root_path, "compile_commands.json")

        if not os.path.exists(compile_db_path):
            # clangd can't resolve UE engine headers without the database; fail with guidance.
            if is_unreal_engine_project(self.repository_root_path):
                raise SolidLSPException(
                    f"No compile_commands.json found at {self.repository_root_path}, but this looks like an "
                    "Unreal Engine project (.uproject present). clangd needs a compilation database to resolve "
                    "engine headers and macros. See docs/03-special-guides/"
                    "unreal_engine_setup_guide_for_serena.md to generate one."
                )
            return None

        try:
            with open(compile_db_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
                compile_commands = json.load(f)

            if not compile_commands:
                return None

            # Check if any entries have relative directory paths
            has_relative = False
            for entry in compile_commands:
                directory = entry.get("directory", "")
                if directory and not os.path.isabs(directory):
                    has_relative = True
                    # Convert to absolute path
                    entry["directory"] = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.repository_root_path, directory))

            if not has_relative:
                # No relative paths found, no need to create transformed database
                return None

            # Get the target directory from ls_specific_settings, default to .serena
            cpp_settings: dict[str, Any] = self._custom_settings or {}
            compile_commands_rel_dir = cpp_settings.get("compile_commands_dir", ".serena")
            compile_commands_dir = os.path.join(self.repository_root_path, compile_commands_rel_dir)
            os.makedirs(compile_commands_dir, exist_ok=True)

            # Write the transformed compile_commands.json
            # clangd looks for compile_commands.json in the --compile-commands-dir
            compile_commands_path = os.path.join(compile_commands_dir, "compile_commands.json")
            with open(compile_commands_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                json.dump(compile_commands, f, indent=2)

            # Track the directory for --compile-commands-dir

            log.info(f"Created serena compilation database with absolute paths at {compile_commands_path}")
            return compile_commands_dir

        except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError) as e:
            log.warning(f"Failed to prepare compile_commands.json: {e}")
            return None

    def _create_process_launch_info(self) -> ProcessLaunchInfo:
        """
        Override to add --compile-commands-dir argument if we created a serena compilation database.
        """
        # First, ensure the serena compile commands database is prepared
        compile_commands_dir = self._prepare_compile_commands()

        # Get the default launch info from parent
        launch_info = super()._create_process_launch_info()

        # If we created a serena compilation database, add --compile-commands-dir to the command
        if compile_commands_dir:
            # Insert --compile-commands-dir after the executable path
            cmd = launch_info.cmd
            assert isinstance(cmd, list)
            launch_info.cmd = [cmd[0], f"--compile-commands-dir={compile_commands_dir}"] + cmd[1:]

        return launch_info

    def _create_dependency_provider(self) -> LanguageServerDependencyProvider:
        return self.DependencyProvider(self._custom_settings, self._ls_resources_dir)

    class DependencyProvider(LanguageServerDependencyProviderSinglePath):
        def _get_or_install_core_dependency(self) -> str:
            """
            Setup runtime dependencies for ClangdLanguageServer and return the path to the executable.
            """
            import shutil

            clangd_version = self._custom_settings.get("clangd_version", "19.1.2")
            default_version = clangd_version == "19.1.2"

            deps = RuntimeDependencyCollection(
                [
                    RuntimeDependency(
                        id="Clangd",
                        description="Clangd for Linux (x64)",
                        url=f"https://github.com/clangd/clangd/releases/download/{clangd_version}/clangd-linux-{clangd_version}.zip",
                        platform_id="linux-x64",
                        archive_type="zip",
                        binary_name=f"clangd_{clangd_version}/bin/clangd",
                        sha256="7c09614eff857d590e4502ef516f035ff94cfb8b795de14ece5afbc53a206caf" if default_version else None,
                        allowed_hosts=CLANGD_ALLOWED_HOSTS,
                    ),
                    RuntimeDependency(
                        id="Clangd",
                        description="Clangd for Windows (x64)",
                        url=f"https://github.com/clangd/clangd/releases/download/{clangd_version}/clangd-windows-{clangd_version}.zip",
                        platform_id="win-x64",
                        archive_type="zip",
                        binary_name=f"clangd_{clangd_version}/bin/clangd.exe",
                        sha256="5b6ceb0f85d63fa0c2c9aab31c29bebd41dc11da1f160ef21bc2fea93270a20d" if default_version else None,
                        allowed_hosts=CLANGD_ALLOWED_HOSTS,
                    ),
                    RuntimeDependency(
                        id="Clangd",
                        description="Clangd for macOS (x64)",
                        url=f"https://github.com/clangd/clangd/releases/download/{clangd_version}/clangd-mac-{clangd_version}.zip",
                        platform_id="osx-x64",
                        archive_type="zip",
                        binary_name=f"clangd_{clangd_version}/bin/clangd",
                        sha256="d3b329b3f58602c57ca6501d255147af1bccad3691b1cb0c12c258fcd2da1be3" if default_version else None,
                        allowed_hosts=CLANGD_ALLOWED_HOSTS,
                    ),
                    RuntimeDependency(
                        id="Clangd",
                        description="Clangd for macOS (Arm64)",
                        url=f"https://github.com/clangd/clangd/releases/download/{clangd_version}/clangd-mac-{clangd_version}.zip",
                        platform_id="osx-arm64",
                        archive_type="zip",
                        binary_name=f"clangd_{clangd_version}/bin/clangd",
                        sha256="d3b329b3f58602c57ca6501d255147af1bccad3691b1cb0c12c258fcd2da1be3" if default_version else None,
                        allowed_hosts=CLANGD_ALLOWED_HOSTS,
                    ),
                ]
            )

            clangd_ls_dir = os.path.join(self._ls_resources_dir, "clangd")

            try:
                dep = deps.get_single_dep_for_current_platform()
            except RuntimeError:
                dep = None

            if dep is None:
                # No prebuilt binary available, look for system-installed clangd
                clangd_executable_path = shutil.which("clangd")
                if not clangd_executable_path:
                    raise FileNotFoundError(
                        "Clangd is not installed on your system.\n"
                        + "Please install clangd using your system package manager:\n"
                        + "  Ubuntu/Debian: sudo apt-get install clangd\n"
                        + "  Fedora/RHEL: sudo dnf install clang-tools-extra\n"
                        + "  Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S clang\n"
                        + "See https://clangd.llvm.org/installation for more details."
                    )
                log.info(f"Using system-installed clangd at {clangd_executable_path}")
            else:
                # Standard download and install for platforms with prebuilt binaries
                clangd_executable_path = deps.binary_path(clangd_ls_dir)
                if not os.path.exists(clangd_executable_path):
                    log.info(f"Clangd executable not found at {clangd_executable_path}. Downloading from {dep.url}")
                    _ = deps.install(clangd_ls_dir)
                if not os.path.exists(clangd_executable_path):
                    raise FileNotFoundError(
                        f"Clangd executable not found at {clangd_executable_path}.\n"
                        + "Make sure you have installed clangd. See https://clangd.llvm.org/installation"
                    )
                os.chmod(clangd_executable_path, 0o755)
            return clangd_executable_path

        def _create_launch_command(self, core_path: str) -> list[str]:
            # --background-index enables clangd to index all files in the project,
            # which is required for finding cross-file references
            return [core_path, "--background-index"]

    @staticmethod
    def _get_initialize_params(repository_absolute_path: str) -> InitializeParams:
        """
        Returns the initialize params for the clangd Language Server.
        """
        root_uri = pathlib.Path(repository_absolute_path).as_uri()
        initialize_params = {
            "locale": "en",
            "capabilities": {
                "textDocument": {
                    "synchronization": {"didSave": True, "dynamicRegistration": True},
                    "completion": {"dynamicRegistration": True, "completionItem": {"snippetSupport": True}},
                    "definition": {"dynamicRegistration": True},
                    "references": {"dynamicRegistration": True},
                    "documentSymbol": {
                        "dynamicRegistration": True,
                        "hierarchicalDocumentSymbolSupport": True,
                    },
                },
                "workspace": {"workspaceFolders": True, "didChangeConfiguration": {"dynamicRegistration": True}},
            },
            "processId": os.getpid(),
            "rootPath": repository_absolute_path,
            "rootUri": root_uri,
            "workspaceFolders": [
                {
                    "uri": root_uri,
                    "name": os.path.basename(repository_absolute_path),
                }
            ],
        }

        return cast(InitializeParams, initialize_params)

    def _start_server(self) -> None:
        """
        Starts the Clangd Language Server, waits for the server to be ready and yields the LanguageServer instance.

        Usage:
        ```
        async with lsp.start_server():
            # LanguageServer has been initialized and ready to serve requests
            await lsp.request_definition(...)
            await lsp.request_references(...)
            # Shutdown the LanguageServer on exit from scope
        # LanguageServer has been shutdown
        ```
        """

        def register_capability_handler(params: Any) -> None:
            assert "registrations" in params
            for registration in params["registrations"]:
                if registration["method"] == "workspace/executeCommand":
                    self.initialize_searcher_command_available.set()
                    self.resolve_main_method_available.set()
            return

        def lang_status_handler(params: Any) -> None:
            # TODO: Should we wait for
            # server -> client: {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'language/status', 'params': {'type': 'ProjectStatus', 'message': 'OK'}}
            # Before proceeding?
            if params["type"] == "ServiceReady" and params["message"] == "ServiceReady":
                self.service_ready_event.set()

        def execute_client_command_handler(params: Any) -> list:
            return []

        def do_nothing(params: Any) -> None:
            return

        def check_experimental_status(params: Any) -> None:
            if params["quiescent"] == True:
                self.server_ready.set()

        def window_log_message(msg: dict) -> None:
            log.info(f"LSP: window/logMessage: {msg}")

        self.server.on_request("client/registerCapability", register_capability_handler)
        self.server.on_notification("language/status", lang_status_handler)
        self.server.on_notification("window/logMessage", window_log_message)
        self.server.on_request("workspace/executeClientCommand", execute_client_command_handler)
        self.server.on_notification("$/progress", do_nothing)
        self.server.on_notification("textDocument/publishDiagnostics", do_nothing)
        self.server.on_notification("language/actionableNotification", do_nothing)
        self.server.on_notification("experimental/serverStatus", check_experimental_status)

        log.info("Starting Clangd server process")
        self.server.start()
        initialize_params = self._get_initialize_params(self.repository_root_path)

        log.info("Sending initialize request from LSP client to LSP server and awaiting response")
        init_response = self.server.send.initialize(initialize_params)
        capabilities = init_response["capabilities"]

        text_document_sync = capabilities["textDocumentSync"]
        if isinstance(text_document_sync, int):
            assert text_document_sync == 2  # type: ignore
        else:
            assert text_document_sync["change"] == 2  # type: ignore

        assert "completionProvider" in capabilities
        completion_provider = capabilities["completionProvider"]
        trigger_characters = set(completion_provider["triggerCharacters"])
        assert {".", "<", ">", ":", '"', "/"}.issubset(trigger_characters)
        assert completion_provider["resolveProvider"] is False

        self.server.notify.initialized({})
        # set ready flag, clangd sends no meaningful notification when ready
        # TODO This defeats the purpose of the event; we should wait for the server to actually be ready
        self.server_ready.set()

        # wait for server to be ready
        self.server_ready.wait()
